scholarly journals Plasma procalcitonin in patients with ileus: relations to other inflammatory parameters

2008 ◽  
pp. 481-486
Author(s):  
P Maruna ◽  
R Fraško ◽  
R Gürlich
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Paralytic Ileus ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters

Plasma procalcitonin (PCT) is a highly specific marker for the diagnosis of bacterial infections and sepsis. PCT levels are usually low in viral infections, chronic inflammation or postsurgical states. The purpose of this study was to characterize PCT plasma levels in patients with various types of ileus at preoperative stage, where the other inducing factors suchas a surgical stress are excluded. The prospective study was performed on 54 patients admitted to in-patient surgical department with a proven diagnosis of ileus. Patients were divided to three groups – obstructive, vascular and paralytic ileus. Plasma levels of PCT (Kryptor analysis), TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, cortisol (ELISA) and CRP (Kryptor ultrasensitive analysis) were estimated before any invasive procedure was realized. We demonstrated significant elevation of PCT in both obstructive ileus in adhesions and vascular ileus compared with healthy subjects (p<0.01). PCT levels were not elevated in paralytic ileus. The regression coefficient was the highest for PCT and CRP (r=0.78, p<0.01), for TNFα and IL-8 (r=0.76, p<0.01) in vascular ileus. There was no significant correlation between PCT and other inflammatory parameters. The different types of ileus induce an elevation of plasma PCT levels and PCT shows itself as an acute phase reactant. The highest PCT concentrations were presented in patients with vascular ileus, whereas paralytic ileus revealed similar cytokine and PCT pattern as in healthy subjects. Plasma PCT estimation extended to a measurement of CRP and IL-6 may become a useful complementary examination for diagnostics of acute abdomen in patients.

Neopterin as a marker of inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bartold ◽  
Joanna Matowicka-Karna
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Neopterin Concentration ◽  
Living Bacteria

Neopterin is a non-specific marker of immunological response of human body of cellular type. It belongs to the chemical group known as pteridines. Neopterin has been widely associated with inter alia viral infections, bacterial infections (by intracellular living bacteria), parasitic infections, skin burns or autoimmune diseases. Neopterin is a very important parameter diagnostically not only in diagnosis and monitoring of treatment but also a reliable indicator of macrophages’ activity. Most frequently neopterin concentration is measured in body fluids like blood, serum or urine, but it may be used as an indicator in other body fluids.

scholarly journals Procalcitonin Serum Level in Patients Aged 3-36 Months With Focal Fever Referred to Hospitals in Western Iran in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Ali Keramati ◽  
Sahereh Garaei ◽  
Shiva Roshankhah ◽  
Mojtaba Esmaeli
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
The Mean

Background: Diagnosing viral and bacterial infectious diseases in children is of great importance. The conventional treatment for the given diseases has been proven relatively impractical and, therefore, finding a practical diagnostic method seems necessary. Measuring procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the blood is one of those useful tests which have high sensitivity and specificity compared to other methods. Moreover, many researchers have emphasized that the level of PCT in bacterial infections is significant. Therefore, PCT level measurement can be adopted as a highly effective factor for distinguishing bacterial infections from viral ones. Our study aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of PCT in children aged 3-36 months. Methods: In this study which was conducted in 2020 in Kermanshah, Iran, 49 children aged 3-36 months having focal fever and referring to the pediatric emergency department of Mohammad Kermanshahi and Imam Reza hospitals in Kermanshah were examined. Distinguishing bacterial infection from viral one was first made by a pediatrician using CBC diff-ESR-CRP tests. Results: The mean serum level of PCT in bacterial infections was significantly higher than that in viral infections. Furthermore, the mean of white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in bacterial infection was significantly higher than that in viral infection. Conclusions: According to our study findings, plasma levels of PCT could have been considered as a diagnostic indicator of the infection. Therefore, it was recommended that the evaluation of PCT plasma levels in children with infection be performed in early stages of the disease. However, it was also suggested that this evaluation be conducted after performing further investigations in this field.

scholarly journals Interferon-Inducible Myxovirus Resistance Proteins: Potential Biomarkers for Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir P Zav'yalov ◽  
Heli Hämäläinen-Laanaya ◽  
Timo K Korpela ◽  
Tony Wahlroos
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Type I ◽  
Resistance Proteins ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract BACKGROUND In 2015, the 68th World Health Assembly declared that effective, rapid, low-cost diagnostic tools were needed for guiding optimal use of antibiotics in medicine. This review is devoted to interferon-inducible myxovirus resistance proteins as potential biomarkers for differentiating viral from bacterial infections. CONTENT After viral infection, a branch of the interferon (IFN)-induced molecular reactions is triggered by the binding of IFNs with their receptors, a process leading to the activation of mx1 and mx2, which produce antiviral Mx proteins (MxA and MxB). We summarize current knowledge of the structures and functions of type I and III IFNs. Antiviral mechanisms of Mx proteins are discussed in reference to their structural and functional data to provide an in-depth picture of protection against viral attacks. Knowing such a mechanism may allow the development of countermeasures and the specific detection of any viral infection. Clinical research data indicate that Mx proteins are biomarkers for many virus infections, with some exceptions, whereas C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin have established positions as general biomarkers for bacterial infections. SUMMARY Mx genes are not directly induced by viruses and are not expressed constitutively; their expression strictly depends on IFN signaling. MxA protein production in peripheral blood cells has been shown to be a clinically sensitive and specific marker for viral infection. Viral infections specifically increase MxA concentrations, whereas viruses have only a modest increase in CRP or procalcitonin concentrations. Therefore, comparison of MxA and CRP and/or procalcitonin values can be used for the differentiation of infectious etiology.

ASSESSMENT RESULTS OF SINGLE-PORT LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDECTOMY AT HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL

2011 ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Nhu Hiep Pham ◽  
Huu Thien Ho ◽  
Anh Vu Pham ◽  
Van Nghia Tran
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Appendectomy ◽  
Single Port ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Rate Female

Objectives: Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is becoming popular for the treatment of acute appendicitis. Since it was the first described, LA has been modified various times. We present the results of a new technique of LA conducted through a single port. Materials and methods: From March 2011 to November 2011, we have performed 28 operations Single Port Laparoscopic Appendectomy at the Surgical Department of Hue Central Hospital. Results: There were 28 patients, 57.1% were female, 42.9% were male, rate female/male was 1.3. The mean age is 36.4. The second port insertion was required in 2 patients (7.2%). Mean operation time was 44.6 minutes and postoperative hospital stay 3-5 days took 71.4%. Postoperative compications occurred in 1 case (3.6%) was of omphalitis. During 2-4 weeks follow up no problem related to the appendectomy have been reported. Conclusions: Single - port intracorporeal appendectomy procedure is a safe, minimal invasive procedure with excellent cosmetic results.

Elevated Inflammatory Parameter Levels Negatively Impact Populations of Circulating Stem Cells (CD133+), Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells (CD133+/VEGFR2+), and Fibroblast Growth Factor in Stroke Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Golab-Janowska ◽  
Edyta Paczkowska ◽  
Boguslaw Machalinski ◽  
Dariusz Kotlega ◽  
Agnieszka Meller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters

Background: Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) are important players in neovascularization, mobilized through signalling by Angiogenic Growth Factors (AGFs) such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). In vitro, inflammatory parameters impair the function and influence of EPCs on AGFs. However, this connection is not clear in vivo. To understand the mechanisms of augmented arteriogenesis and angiogenesis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, we investigated whether circulating stem cells (CD133+), early endothelial progenitor cells (CD133+/VEGFR2+), and endothelial cells (ECs; CD34¯/CD133¯/VEGFR2+) were increasingly mobilized during AIS, and whether there were correlations between EPC levels, growth factor levels and inflammatory parameters. Methods: Data on demographics, classical vascular risk factors, neurological deficit information (assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), and treatment were collected from 43 consecutive AIS patients (group I). Risk factor control patients (group II) included 22 nonstroke subjects matched by age, gender, and traditional vascular risk factors. EPCs were measured by flow cytometry and the populations of circulating stem cells (CD133+), early EPCs (CD133+/VEGFR2+), and ECs (CD34¯/CD133¯/VEGFR2+) were analysed. Correlations between EPC levels and VEGF and FGF vascular growth factor levels as well as the influence of inflammatory parameters on EPCs and AGFs were assessed. Results: Patient ages ranged from 54 to 92 years (mean age 75.2 ± 11.3 years). The number of circulating CD34¯/CD133¯/VEGF-R2+ cells was significantly higher in AIS patients than in control patients (p < 0.05). VEGF plasma levels were also significantly higher in AIS patients compared to control patients on day 7 (p < 0.05). FGF plasma levels in patients with AIS were significantly higher than those in the control group on day 3 (p < 0.05). There were no correlations between increased VEGF and FGF levels and the number of CD133+, CD133+/VEGFR2+, or CD34¯/CD133¯/VEGFR2+ cells. Leukocyte levels, FGF plasma levels, and the number of early EPCs were negatively correlated on day 3. High sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and the number of CD133+ and CD133+/VEGFR2+ cells were negatively correlated on day 7. In addition, there was a negative correlation between fibrinogen levels and FGF plasma levels as well as the number of early EPCs (CD133+/VEGFR2+). Conclusion: AIS patients exhibited increased numbers of early EPCs (CD133+/VEGFR2+) and AGF (VEGF and FGF) levels. A negative correlation between inflammatory parameters and AGFs and EPCs indicated the unfavourable influence of inflammatory factors on EPC differentiation and survival. Moreover, these correlations represented an important mechanism linking inflammation to vascular disease.

scholarly journals How reliable is procalcitonin as an inflammatory marker?1)

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. ---
Author(s):  
Katharina Biller ◽  
Peter Fae ◽  
Reinhard Germann ◽  
Autar K. Walli ◽  
Peter Fraunberger
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract The role of procalcitonin (PCT) plasma levels as a diagnostic tool for intensive care patients has been intensively investigated during the past years. In particular for recognition of bacterial infections, PCT levels have been shown to be superior to other clinical and biochemical markers. Furthermore, some very recent studies show that in patients with lower respiratory tract infections PCT guided antibiotic therapy reduces antibiotic use and thereby may also reduce duration of stay of patients in hospital and thus cut hospitalisation costs. However, various studies indicate that the value of PCT as a prognostic marker is limited because of false positive or negative values. Despite these limitations PCT plasma levels are currently measured in intensive care units. The present study summarises the possible clinical uses of this laboratory marker as a diagnostic tool for the assessment of critically ill patients.

scholarly journals A multicenter evaluation of viral bloodstream detections in children presenting to the Emergency Department with suspected systemic infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Rostad ◽  
Neena Kanwar ◽  
Jumi Yi ◽  
Claudia R. Morris ◽  
Jennifer Dien Bard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Systemic Infections

Abstract Background Fever is a common symptom in children presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to describe the epidemiology of systemic viral infections and their predictive values for excluding serious bacterial infections (SBIs), including bacteremia, meningitis and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children presenting to the ED with suspected systemic infections. Methods We enrolled children who presented to the ED with suspected systemic infections who had blood cultures obtained at seven healthcare facilities. Whole blood specimens were analyzed by an experimental multiplexed PCR test for 7 viruses. Demographic and laboratory results were abstracted. Results Of the 1114 subjects enrolled, 245 viruses were detected in 224 (20.1%) subjects. Bacteremia, meningitis and UTI frequency in viral bloodstream-positive patients was 1.3, 0 and 10.1% compared to 2.9, 1.3 and 9.7% in viral bloodstream-negative patients respectively. Although viral bloodstream detections had a high negative predictive value for bacteremia or meningitis (NPV = 98.7%), the frequency of UTIs among these subjects remained appreciable (9/89, 10.1%) (NPV = 89.9%). Screening urinalyses were positive for leukocyte esterase in 8/9 (88.9%) of these subjects, improving the ability to distinguish UTI. Conclusions Viral bloodstream detections were common in children presenting to the ED with suspected systemic infections. Although overall frequencies of SBIs among subjects with and without viral bloodstream detections did not differ significantly, combining whole blood viral testing with urinalysis provided high NPV for excluding SBI.

scholarly journals The Antiviral Properties of Cyclosporine. Focus on Coronavirus, Hepatitis C Virus, Influenza Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Glowacka ◽  
Lidia Rudnicka ◽  
Olga Warszawik-Hendzel ◽  
Mariusz Sikora ◽  
Mohamad Goldust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

This review updates current knowledge regarding the risk of viral infections, including COVID-19, in patients treated with cyclosporine. We also shortly refer to bacterial infections and parasitic infestations in patients treated with cyclosporin. Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive drug, which is widely used in medicine, including in the treatment of autoimmune skin diseases in dermatology, rheumatology, ophthalmology and nephrology, and in organ transplantation. A usual concern associated with immunosuppressive treatment is the potential risk of infections. Interestingly, several data indicate a relatively low risk of infections, especially viral infections, in patients receiving cyclosporine. It was shown that cyclosporine exerts an inhibitory effect on the replication of some viruses, or may have a potentially beneficial effect on the disease course in infections. These include hepatitis C, influenza virus, rotavirus, human immunodeficiency virus and coronavirus infections. Available data indicate that cyclosporine may have a beneficial effect on COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus SARS-COV2.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of four SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in patients with COVID-19 or with bacterial and non-SARS-CoV-2 viral respiratory infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Huber ◽  
Philipp Steininger ◽  
Pascal Irrgang ◽  
Klaus Korn ◽  
Matthias Tenbusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 antibody assays are used for epidemiological studies and for the assessment of vaccine responses in highly vulnerable patients. So far, data on cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays is limited. Here, we compared four enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs; Vircell SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgA and IgG, Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG) for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 207 patients with COVID-19, 178 patients with serological evidence of different bacterial infections, 107 patients with confirmed viral respiratory disease, and 80 controls from the pre-COVID-19 era. In COVID-19 patients, the assays showed highest sensitivity in week 3 (Vircell-IgM/A and Euroimmun-IgA: 78.9% each) and after week 7 (Vircell-IgG: 97.9%; Euroimmun-IgG: 92.1%). The antibody indices were higher in patients with fatal disease. In general, IgM/IgA assays had only limited or no benefit over IgG assays. In patients with non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections, IgG assays were more specific than IgM/IgA assays, and bacterial infections were associated with more false-positive results than viral infections. The specificities in bacterial and viral infections were 68.0 and 81.3% (Vircell-IgM/IgA), 84.8 and 96.3% (Euroimmun-IgA), 97.8 and 86.0% (Vircell-IgG), and 97.8 and 99.1% (Euroimmun-IgG), respectively. Sera from patients positive for antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, and Legionella pneumophila yielded particularly high rates of unspecific false-positive results in the IgM/IgA assays, which was revealed by applying a highly specific flow-cytometric assay using HEK 293 T cells expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Positive results obtained with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgA ELISAs require careful interpretation, especially if there is evidence for prior bacterial respiratory infections.

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