scholarly journals Quercetin Protects Against Stress-Induced Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behavior and Improves Memory in Male Mice

2018 ◽  
pp. 795-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. SAMAD ◽  
A. SALEEM ◽  
F. YASMIN ◽  
M. A. SHEHZAD
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Respective Treatment

The present study evaluates the protective role of Quercetin (Quer), against immobilization stress- induced anxiety, depression and cognition alteration in mice using behavioral and biochemical parameters. 24 adult Albino mice were distributed into 2 groups vehicle (n=12; 1 ml/kg) and Quer injected (n=12; 20 mg/kg/ml). The animals received their respective treatment for 14 days. On day 15, after the drug administration, animals were sub-divided into 4 groups (n=6); (i) unstressed + vehicle; (ii) stressed + vehicle; (iii) unstressed + Quer; (iv) stressed + Quer. On day 16, 24 h after the immobilization stress behavioral activities (light-dark activity, elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, and forced swim test) monitored and then animals were decapitated 1 h after the drug administration. Brain samples were collected for biochemical (antioxidant enzymes, AChE, ACh, 5-HT and its metabolite) analysis. The present study indicates the Quer reversed the stress-induced anxiety and depression, in addition, memory performance was more enhanced in stressed group. Following the treatment of Quer, stress-induced elevation of lipid peroxidation and suppression of antioxidant enzymes were also reversed. Administration of Quer decreased AChE in unstressed, while levels of acetylcholine were increased in vehicle and Quer treated stressed animals. The metabolism of 5-HT was increased in Quer treated stressed than unstressed animals. In conclusion, the present finding showed that Quer could prevent the impairment of antioxidant enzymes and also regulate the serotonergic and cholinergic neurotransmission and produce antianxiety, antidepressant effect and enhance memory following 2 h immobilization stress in mice.

13. FGF2 Gene is required for Antidepressant Treatment Effects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

gene in humans have been shown to predict non-responsiveness to antidepressant drugs; suggesting that FGF2 is required for antidepressants to work. In this study, we hypothesized that antidepressants will not work in rodents that lack the FGF2 gene. Hence, we tested antidepressant treatment in transgenic mice that had the FGF2 gene knocked out. Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) has been used for several decades to produce a reliable depressive and anxious phenotype in mice. This study followed a CUS paradigm and used fluoxetine (Prozac) as antidepressant treatment. Mice received daily fluoxetine administration beginning on week three of CUS and continued until the end of week five to provide an antidepressant effect and reverse the effects of stress. To test for levels of anxiety and depression, a battery of behavioral tests was conducted which began from the least stressful (i.e. sucrose preference test, open field maze, elevated plus maze) to the most stressful test (forced swim test) to prevent testing carry-over effects. AnyMaze software was used to measure behavior in the open field and elevated plus mazes by recording the amount of time each mouse spent in certain parts of the maze. Future studies will examine brain changes associated with FGF2 gene deletion – particularly in astrocyte cells – which might be necessary for successful antidepressant action. Hopefully, this will elucidate novel therapeutic targets for antidepressant and anti-anxiety medication. 

Effects of single and combined gabapentin use in elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Sultan Kilic ◽  
Sule Ismailoglu ◽  
Bilgin Kaygisiz ◽  
Setenay Oner
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Antidepressant Effects

BackgroundGabapentin, a third-generation antiepileptic drug, is a structural analogue of γ-aminobutyric acid, which is an important mediator of central nervous system. There is clinical data indicating its effectiveness in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects and mechanisms of gabapentin in rats.Material and MethodsFemale Spraque–Dawley rats weighing 250±20 g were used. A total of 13 groups were formed, each containing 8 rats: gabapentin (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg), amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), sertraline (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg), ketamine (10 mg/kg), gabapentin 20 mg/kg was also combined with amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), sertraline (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). All the drugs were used intraperitoneally as single dose. Saline was administered to the control group. Elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests were used as experimental models of anxiety and depression, respectively.ResultsIt was observed that gabapentin showed an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effect in all doses in rats. Its antidepressant effect was found to be the same as the antidepressant effects of amitriptyline and sertraline. There was no change in the antidepressant effect when gabapentin was combined with amitriptyline and ketamine, but there was an increase when combined with sertraline and diazepam. Gabapentin and amitriptyline showed similar anxiolytic effect, whereas ketamine and diazepam had more potent anxiolytic effect compared with them.ConclusionsThese data suggest that gabapentin may possess antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects.

Electronegativity in Substituted-4(H)-quinazolinones Causes Anxiolysis without a Sedative-hypnotic Adverse Reaction in Female Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Shweta Mishra ◽  
Debashree Das ◽  
Adarsh Sahu ◽  
Ekta Verma ◽  
Shailendra Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Quinazolinone Derivatives ◽  
Electronegative Group

Objectives: In the current study, the synthesis, characterization, and neuropharmacology of quinazolinone tethered with aromatic (3a-3i) and heteroaromatic substitution (3j, 3k, and 3l) as effective anxiolytic agents are reported. Background: Anxiety and depression are often comorbid with neurological as well as other medical maladies. Clinically known anxiolytics (Benzodiazepines) are accompanied by untoward sedation and other CNS depressive actions. The quinazolinone moiety is a privileged pharmacophore with a wide pharmacological spectrum. Herein, the synthesis, characterization, and neuropharmacological evaluation of some 2-substituted quinazolinone derivatives are reported. Methods: The synthesized compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR and TLC analysis. Behavioral analysis was performed using EPM (Elevated Plus Maze), OFT (Open Field Test), PIST (Pentobarbital Induced Sleep Test), FST (Forced Swim Test) and PCPA (p-chlorophenyl alanine) bioassay. To further justify the therapeutic claim, systemic and neurotoxicological analysis of the most potent members of the series was performed using OECD mandated protocols. The studies showed that the compounds had a wide therapeutic window with >1000 mg/kg and >500 mg/kg LD50 and NOAEL, respectively. Results: The compounds with an electronegative group in the quinazolinone nucleus (3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c) induced anxiolysis devoid of sedative adverse reaction. Besides, anti-depressant efficacy of 3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c observed in rodents was a result of a decrease in anxiety level. It was found that the neurotoxicology of the potent members (3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c) advocated their wide therapeutic window with >1000 mg/kg LD50 and >5000 mg/kg NOAEL. Conclusion: Our findings of behavioral bioassays revealed that inducing an electronegative group into the quinazolinone nucleus yielded the most potent members of the series (3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c). The said compounds were found to produce anxiolysis and anti-depressive action without sedative-hypnotic side effects in rodent models. In summary, it can be stated that extending the studies in a clinical setting would furbish the contours of current anxiolytic therapy, especially in anxiety comorbid with medical maladies.

scholarly journals The anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of Buxus hyrcana in the pentylenetetrazole kindled rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 3075
Author(s):  
V AZIZI ◽  
F ALLAHYARI ◽  
A HOSSEINI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Immobility Time

Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a chemical substance which largely used for induction of seizure and epilepsy in the animal model, and it can also, disrupts free radicals balance and causes oxidative stress in the body with a negative impact on behavioral statuses like anxiety and depression. In this study, the medicinal plant Buxus hyrcana, was used to evaluate its effect on oxidative stress, anxiety and depression caused by PTZ in the rat. Twenty-four male rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups: control negative under treatment with PTZ (sub-threshold dose 35 mg/kg for one month), control positive under treatment with phenobarbital (PB-30 mg/kg), and two PTZ groups under treatment with B. hyrcana extract (BHE-300, and -600 mg/kg). For anxiety parameters, the elevated plus maze (EPM) was used. The forced swim test (FST) and rotarod test were employed to assess the antidepressant and balance potential, respectively. After behavioral evaluation, rats were anesthetized, brains were removed, and following preparation of brain homogenates, oxidative stress was evaluated using specified methods. BHE administered at the doses of 300, and 600 mg/kg, reduced immobility time in the FST exerting antidepressant-like activity. In the EPM test, BHE at the same doses, produced the anxiolytic-like effect. Also, the rats which received BHE had a significant improvement in rotarod test in contrast to control groups. In addition, brain catalase activity and superoxide dismutase level were significantly greater versus PTZ group BHE-300 treated PTZ group was significantly lower and. BHE could prevent anxiety and depression and ameliorate oxidative stress in PTZ-kindled rats.

scholarly journals The Research of the Effect of the Olive Juice on Anxiety and Depression Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-295
Author(s):  
Jiguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Juice Concentrate ◽  
Anxiety Behavior ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
The Impact

In order to evaluate the effect of olive juice on the anxiety and depression, the paper uses olive juice concentrate as the experimental material, and uses mice as the experimental subjects. Mice are randomly divided into negative, positive, high, medium and low-dose groups, administered orally for 7 days. Further, the impact of elevated plus maze test, the opening acts test and forced swim test was observed on the mice. The experimental results show that under conditions of the sub-acute administration, olive juice can not only induce anti-anxiety behavior in mice, but also has the potential to improve depression in mice.

scholarly journals Psychoactive effects of “Enoant” and “Resveratrol” in Wistar rats of both sexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Denis Khusainov ◽  
Natalia Tribrat ◽  
Albina Lukyantseva ◽  
Elena Chuyan ◽  
Elena Biryukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Psychoactive Effects ◽  
Anxiety Index

The effect of two supplements containing resveratrol (“Resveratrol” and “Enoant”) on the psycho-emotional state of animals with an initial index of anxiety and depression above 0.5 was studied. For this, the “Elevated plus maze” (EPM) and “Forced swim test” (FST) were used. “Resveratrol” significantly reduces the index of depressivity (ID) in males on the 7th and 14th days of application, in females – only on the 14th day. No significant influence on the anxiety index (AI) was found in both sexes. “Enoant” significantly reduces the ID in males on the 7th day, but not on the 14th day, while no significant differences were observed in females. However, unlike “Resveratrol”, “Enoant” significantly reduces the AI on the 14th day in rats of both sexes.

scholarly journals Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-Like Effects of the Aqueous Extract ofAlafia multifloraStem Barks in Rodents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harquin Simplice Foyet ◽  
David Emery Tsala ◽  
Armand Abdou Bouba ◽  
Lucian Hritcu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptors ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Rats And Mice

The present study examined the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of the aqueous extract ofAlafia multiflora Stapf(AM) stem barks (150 and 300 mg/kg, 7 days administration) on rats and mice, using experimental paradigms of anxiety and depression. In the open field, the aqueous extract increased significantly the number of center square crossed and the time spent at the center of the field as well as the rearing time, while the grooming time was reduced significantly. In the elevated plus maze, the aqueous extract increased the time spent and the number of entries in the open arms. All these effects were also completely reversed by flumazenil, an antagonist of benzodiazepine receptors and pindolol aβ-adrenoceptors blocker/5-HT 1A/1B receptor antagonist. The time spent in the light compartment, the latency time, and the number of the light-dark transitions increased significantly in the light/dark exploration test after the treatment with AM. The extract was able to reduce significantly the immobility time and increase swimming as well as climbing duration. Taken together, the present work evidenced anxiolytic effects of the aqueous extract of AM that might involve an action on benzodiazepine-type receptors and an antidepressant effect where noradrenergic mechanisms will probably play a role.

Compounds from Ilex paraguariensis extracts have antioxidant effects in the brains of rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1172-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Colpo ◽  
Maria Eduarda de Lima ◽  
Marisol Maya-López ◽  
Hemerson Rosa ◽  
Cristina Márquez-Curiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Species Formation ◽  
Lipid And Protein Oxidation ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Immobilization induces oxidative damage to the brain. Ilex paraguariensis extracts (Mate) and their major natural compound, chlorogenic acid (CGA), exert protective effects against reactive oxygen species formation. Here, the effects of Mate and CGA on oxidative damage induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS) in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were investigated. For CIS, animals were immobilized for 6 h every day for 21 consecutive days. Rats received Mate or CGA by intragastric gavage 30 min before every restraint session. Endpoints of oxidative stress (levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione) were evaluated following CIS. While CIS increased oxidized lipid and carbonyl levels in all brain regions, CGA (and Mate to a lesser extent) attenuated lipid and protein oxidation as compared with control groups. GSH/GSSG balance showed a tendency to increase in all regions in response to stress and antioxidants. Taken together, our results support a protective role of dietary antioxidants against the neuronal consequences of stress.

Standardised ginseng extract G115® potentiates the antidepressant-like properties of fluoxetine in the forced swim test

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dylan J. Terstege ◽  
Debra S. MacDonald ◽  
R. Andrew Tasker
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Plus Maze

Abstract Objective: Ginsenosides, biologically active components of the root of Panax ginseng, have been reported to have therapeutic benefits in a number of disease states including psychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder. Our objective was to determine if a standardised commercial ginseng extract, G115®, could reduce the signs of behavioural despair commonly observed in animal models of depression either alone or in combination with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (N = 51) were divided into four groups: vehicle control, G115® ginseng root extract, fluoxetine and fluoxetine plus G115®. Rats were trained to voluntarily consume treatments twice daily for 14 days and were then tested in an open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim test (FST). Post-mortem hippocampal and prefrontal cortex tissue was analysed for expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) by western blot. Results: One-way Analysis of Variance revealed no significant group differences in the OF or plus-maze performance on any variable examined. In the FST, fluoxetine significantly reduced immobility time and increased latency to immobility. The effects of fluoxetine were further significantly potentiated by co-administration of G115®. Post-mortem tissue analysis revealed significant group differences in BDNF expression in the left hippocampus and left prefrontal cortex without any accompanying changes in TrkB expression. Conclusions: We conclude that oral G115® significantly potentiates the antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine in the FST in the absence of potentially confounding effects on locomotion and anxiety.

scholarly journals The Role of Resilience in Internet Addiction among Adolescents between Sexes: A Moderated Mediation Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cho Nam ◽  
Da Lee ◽  
Ji Lee ◽  
A Choi ◽  
Sun Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model

The behavioral inhibition/activation systems (BIS/BAS) have been considered to be predictors of Internet addiction, mediated by clinical variables such as anxiety and depression. However, resilience has been suggested as a protective factor toward Internet addiction, and certain sex differences in resilience buffering the effects of vulnerability have been reported. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify any role of resilience that might moderate the effects of BIS/BAS on Internet addiction through multiple clinical variables in boys and girls. A total of 519 middle-school students (268 boys and 251 girls, all 14 years old) were administered a questionnaire battery that measures Internet addiction, BIS/BAS, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, anger, and resilience. We used the PROCESS macro in SPSS to perform moderation and mediation analysis. Findings revealed that although a somewhat similar mediation model was supported in both sexes, moderating effects of resilience only emerged in girls. The results showed a protective role of resilience differing between sexes. These results suggest that clinicians should consider sex in the way resilience works as a protective factor against Internet addiction and focus on mitigating the effects of vulnerability by enhancing resilience in female Internet addicts.

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