scholarly journals Could the Musk Compound Tonalide Affect Physiological Functions and Act as an Endocrine Disruptor in Rainbow Trout?

2020 ◽  
pp. S595-S606
Author(s):  
N HODKOVICOVA ◽  
V ENEVOVA ◽  
J CAHOVA ◽  
J BLAHOVA ◽  
Z SIROKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Histopathological Images ◽  
Acclimatization Period

In the present study, the effect of polycyclic musk compound tonalide (AHTN) in two concentrations was studied in male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792). A feeding trial was conducted with AHTN incorporated into feed granules. One concentration was environmentally relevant (854 µg/kg); the second one was 10× higher (8699 µg/kg). The fish were fed twice a day with the amount of feed at 1 % of their body weight. After an acclimatization period, the experimental phase in duration of six weeks followed. At the end of the experiment, fish were sampled and the biometrical data were recorded. Subsequently, hematological and biochemical tests, histopathological examination, analysis of oxidative stress markers and evaluation of endocrine disruption using plasma vitellogenin were performed. In conclusion, an increase of hematocrit for both AHTN concentrations was found, but no significant changes were observed in biochemical profile. Moreover, AHTN caused lipid peroxidation in caudal kidney tissue, which was confirmed by histopathological images. The long-lasting AHTN exposure could thus be harmful for maintaining homeostasis in the rainbow trout organism. However, the vitellogenin concentration seemed not to be affected by AHTN.

scholarly journals Study of pathogenicity and severity of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Kohkilooieh and Boyerahmad province

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Karami ◽  
Mojtaba Alishahi ◽  
Taravat Molayemraftar ◽  
Masoud Ghorbanpour ◽  
Mohammad Reza Tabandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Lactococcus Garvieae ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Trout Farms

Abstract Background Lactococcus garvieae is one of the most important risk factors in the rainbow trout culture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and detect strains isolated from rainbow trout suspected of having Lactococcus garvieae using biochemical characteristics and PCR and determination of the degree of severity of isolated strains. Methods In this study, the cause of lactococcosis in selected rainbow trout farms in Kohkilooieh and Boyerahmad province was assayed. Gram-positive and catalase-negative bacterial isolates were first obtained from selected trout fish farms using conventional biochemical tests and PCR assay. The 10-day LD50 method (concentration causing 50% mortality in 10 days) was used to determine the severity of the isolated bacteria. Results One bacterial isolate was detected from all sampled fish which confirmed as Lactococcus garvieae using a specific PCR assay based on the 16S rDNA gene by producing a single band of 1107 bp. Analysis of the rate of mortality showed that the 10-day LD50 was 4.6 × 105 CFU/fish. The results of this study showed that isolated bacteria had high severity for rainbow trout. The presence of bacteria in internal organs of suspected fish showed a severe systemic infection in challenged fish. Antibiogram assay also indicated that the isolated Lactococcus garvieae were resistant to some mostly used antibiotics in rainbow trout. Conclusions According to current research, it can be concluded that the condition of lactococcosis in the studied area is not suitable, and despite the presence of disease, there is no proper action to control and prevent the disease. Unfortunately, isolated bacteria from the studied area have a very high severity compared to bacteria isolated from other regions of the country or other countries. Therefore, further investigation is needed to determine the cause of this difference and possibly in the design of the vaccine.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol on Haematological and Biochemical Indicators and Histopathological Changes in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Matejova ◽  
Helena Modra ◽  
Jana Blahova ◽  
Ales Franc ◽  
Petr Fictum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by theFusariumgenus, is a major contaminant of cereal grains used in the production of fish feed. The effect of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was studied using a commercial feed with the addition of DON in a dose of 2 mg/kg feed. The fish(n=40)were exposed to the mycotoxin for 23 days. The trout were divided into two groups, control and experimental groups. Control groups were fed a commercial feed naturally contaminated with a low concentration of DON (225 μg/kg feed); experimental groups were fed a commercial feed with the addition of DON (1964 μg/kg feed). Plasma biochemical and haematological indices, biometric parameters, and histopathological changes were assessed at the end of the experiment. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values in MCH(P<0.05). In biochemical indices, after 23-day exposure, a significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol(P<0.05), and ammonia(P<0.01)was recorded in the experimental group compared to the control group. Our assessment showed no significant changes in biometric parameters. The histopathological examination revealed disorders in the caudal kidney of the exposed fish. The obtained data show the sensitivity of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) to deoxynivalenol.

scholarly journals Yersinia ruckeri Septicaemia in Experimentally Infected Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) Fingerlings

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anera Berc ◽  
Z. Petrinec ◽  
Željka Matašin ◽  
Z. Kozarić
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Intraperitoneal Infection ◽  
Kidney Liver

The presence of Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth dis- ease (ERM) in salmonids and a few other freshwater fish, has so far been reported from a variety of sources including the intestine of healthy carp. Since there are no data on the pathogenicity of this bacterium for carp, 15 fingerlings were experi- mentally infected by intraperitoneal injection of about 5 × 105 cells. Thirteen in- jected fish were moribund or died within 4 days with septicaemic lesions. Two survivors were sampled on Day 28 after infection. Yersinia ruckeri was reisolated from the internal organs of all experimental fish. By histopathological examination moribund fish had generalised bacteriaemia with inflammation, degeneration and necrotic foci in kidney, liver and spleen, corresponding to findings described pre- viously in ERM of rainbow trout. Survivors of challenge on Day 28 had a chronic disease characterised by prominent peritonitis and enteritis, exhaustion of the erythroid, granuloid and lymphoid components in haematopoietic kidney tissue as well as focal degeneration and necrosis in organs. These data indicate a high sen- sitivity of carp to intraperitoneal infection with a relatively low dose of Y. ruckeri.

Occurrence of enteric redmouth disease in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on farms in Croatia

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Oraić ◽  
Snježana Zrnčić ◽  
B. Šoštarić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Agglutination Assay ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Trout Farms

During the spring of 1996 and autumn of 1997 unusual mortality outbreaks among rainbow trout fry and yearlings occurred at two different trout farms, resulting in mortality of 20 and 10 per cent, respectively. Generally, the affected fish, swimming at the water surface, were reluctant to eat and were dark pigmented with visible haemorrhages around and within the oral cavity. Bacterial isolates from moribund fish from both cases were identified as Yersinia ruckeri by standard biochemical tests and API 20E. The isolated strains were found to be sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid, flumequine, enrofloxacin, carbenicillin and gentamicin. Microplate agglutination assay confirmed that both isolates belonged to serotype O1. The pathogenicity of the isolated bacteria was confirmed by challenge experiment. Titres of specific antibodies were determined in the sera of survivors. The titre was highest on the 21st day postchallenge and was detectable until the 81st day.

scholarly journals First Identification and Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Cultured in Mexico

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Cesar Ortega ◽  
Rute Irgang ◽  
Benjamín Valladares-Carranza ◽  
Constanza Collarte ◽  
Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Lactococcus Garvieae ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Lactococcosis is a hyperacute hemorrhagic septicemia disease caused by Lactococcus garvieae, which is an emerging pathogen in global fish farming. Between 2016 and 2018, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from five farms that presented outbreaks were sampled as part of a Mexican surveillance program for the detection of fish diseases. Fourteen L. garvieae isolates were recovered from sampled fish, as confirmed by biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and clinical and histological insights. The biochemical and protein profiles of the isolates obtained were homogeneous. Repetitive extragenic palindromic—(REP)—and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) analyses established weak genetic heterogeneity. Rainbow trout challenged with two of the isolates used at different bacterial concentrations (10−2 and 10−4 CFU/mL) showed melanosis, and hemorrhages were observed in the fins, liver, kidney, and spleen. Isolates were obtained from all of the organs sampled, including from surviving fish, as either pure or mixed cultures. The present study is the first to confirm the presence of L. garvieae as the agent of severe lactococcosis outbreaks in the two primary Mexican states for trout farming.

scholarly journals Effects of cypermethrin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velisek ◽  
T. Wlasow ◽  
P. Gomulka ◽  
Z. Svobodova ◽  
R. Dobsikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Gill Lamellae ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Neutrophile Granulocytes

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cypermethrin [(R,S)-&alpha;-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis,tra-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylate] on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The effect was assessed on the basis of the results of acute toxicity tests and on the comparison of results of haematological, biochemical and histopathological tissue examinations of a control and experimental group exposed to Alimetrine 10 EM pesticide preparation (active substance 100 g/l of cypermethrin). The acute semistatical toxicity test lasting 96 h was performed on rainbow trout juveniles. The 96hLC50 value of Alimethrine 10 EM was 31.4&nbsp;&micro;g/l. Examination of erythrocyte, leukocyte and biochemical profile and histopathological tissue examination was performed on 15 control and 15 experimental specimens of one-to-two-year-old rainbow trout after 96 h of exposure to Alimetrine 10 EM in the concentration of 31.4 &micro;g/l. The experimental group showed significantly higher values (P &lt; 0.01) of plasma ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), lactate (LACT) and significantly lower (P &lt; 0.01) values of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared to the control group. Also, a significant decrease in count of developmental forms of myeloid sequence, and segmented neutrophile granulocytes in the experimental group were found. Teleangioectasiae of secondary gill lamellae and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed with histopathological examination. No histopathological changes were demonstrated in tissues (skin, spleen, cranial and caudal kidney) of rainbow trout following exposure to cypermethrine. The cypermethrine-based Alimethrinee 10 EM pesticide preparation was classified among substances strongly toxic for fish.

scholarly journals Dietary Filamentous Fungi and Duration of Feeding Modulates Gut Microbial Composition in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aprajita Singh ◽  
Sajjad Karimi ◽  
Aleksandar Vidakovic ◽  
Johan Dicksved ◽  
Markus Langeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Over Time

Changes in gut microbial composition over time in rainbow trout fed differentially processed diets supplemented with the filamentous fungi Neurospora intermedia were investigated in a 30-day feeding trial. Fish were fed a reference diet, non-preconditioned diet (NPD), or preconditioned (heat-treated) diet (PD), with the same inclusion level of N. intermedia in diets NPD and PD. Gut microbiota were analyzed on day 0, 10, 20, and 30. Gut microbial composition was similar for all diets on day 0, but was significantly different at day 10 and day 20. On day 30, the gut again contained similar communities irrespective of diet. The overall gut microbiota for each diet changed over time. Abundance of Peptostreptococcus and Streptococcus was higher in the initial days of feeding in fish fed on commercial diet, while a significant increase in lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis) was observed on day 30. Feed processing (preconditioning) did not contribute largely in shaping the gut microbiome. These results indicate that dietary manipulation and duration of feeding should be considered when evaluating gut microbial composition in cultured fish. A minimum 30-day feeding trial is suggested for gut microbiome, host and diet interaction studies.

scholarly journals Prebiotic effect of fructo–oligosaccharides on growth and physiological state of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Řehulka ◽  
Bohumil Minařík ◽  
Dalibor Cink ◽  
Jaroslav Žalák
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Conversion Level ◽  
Biochemical Examination

Rainbow trout at an average weight of 240 gwere examined for the effect of dietary fructo–oligosaccharides in the diet on their growth and physiological state through selected biochemical parameters of the blood plasma. The prebiotic product Profeed® (experimental group, EG) was administered on a continuous basis at a rate ofg kg−1of pellets for 105 days. The best growth performance for the EG was found in 42 days (363 ± 34.7 gvs. 340 ± 36.7 g, P = 0.003) and in 63 days (387 ± 35.6 gvs. 364 ± 42.3 g, P = 0.011). SGR of the fish from the EG was 0.69% and from the control group (CG) was 0.70%. The feed conversion level was 0.82 in the EG and 0.86 in the CG. Survival rate was 99% (EG) and 98% (CG). The results of the biochemical examination indicate significant differences in the creatinine (28 ± 5.5 vs. 22 ± 3.05 µmol L−1) and the sodium cation (157.9 1.66 vs. 155.7 ± 1.49mmol L−1) level and in the catalytic concentration of alkaline phosphatase (5.18 ± 1.57 vs. 3.43 ± 0.78 µkat L−1). The positive results of the growth and biochemical tests as well as the favourable feed conversion suggest that it would be worthwhile to test higher concentrations of the Profeed®prebiotic product.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document