scholarly journals MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBER EXTRUSION PROCESS

Author(s):  
Yousif A.A ◽  
Seedahmed A.I ◽  
Muhab Hassanien S.S

Extrusion processes are widely used in plastic industries that aim to produce advanced solutions for increasingly sophisticated demands for plastics. Processes are not designed based on professional engineering design process, but on trial and error techniques. These two factors affect the extrusion processing parameters. In this study focus will be concentrated on the parameters incorporated in Polypropylene rope extrusion process such as: screw length, screw diameter, metering zone length and flight depth. A model equations were derived considering the swelling occurs for the extruded fibers and the tensile drawing of fiber. The authenticated design parameters was derived and a model useful to simulate any given process successfully was resulted in a form of computer software system.

Author(s):  
Yousif A.A ◽  
Seedahmed A.I ◽  
Muhab.Hassanien S.S ◽  
Muhab.Hassanien S.S

Extrusion process is one of the most flexible and important operation for mass production of plastic product. In extrusion process, screw design is very important as it is largely affects the productivity and quality. The technical knowhow in these mills is based on experience of the employee thus processes are designed by trial and error without applying professional engineering design of the process. In this study focus was applied on analyzing and modeling the compression zone, which is considered to be the most important and complicated zone in the screw. An equation was derived so to determine the length of the compression zone that is suitable to produce polypropylene fibers


Author(s):  
Slawomir Blasiak

Noncontacting mechanical seals with various kinds of face surface modifications have established their position in the sealing technique. Over the last few years, a lot of works dedicated to the impact of various surface modifications on the dynamics of working rings have been created. This paper presents model studies regarding relatively unknown noncontacting impulse gas face seals. Here, a mathematical model of impulse gas face seals is developed including the nonlinear Reynolds equation and stator dynamics equations, which were solved simultaneously using numerical methods. An original computer software written in C + + language was developed. A number of numerical tests were conducted and the phenomena occurring in the radial gap during seal operation were analyzed. Final conclusions were drawn and several features were indicated characterizing impulse face seals. It should be emphasized that numerical research on this type of seals has not been published yet. The literature usually presents simplified models for the noncompressible medium, which can be solved with the use of analytical methods.


1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 268-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yozo Miyake ◽  
Alfred Solish ◽  
Akira Hara ◽  
Tatsuo Hirose

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Oblak ◽  
James Sulzer ◽  
Jarrod Lewis-Peacock

AbstractThe neural correlates of specific brain functions such as visual orientation tuning and individual finger movements can be revealed using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of fMRI data. Neurofeedback based on these distributed patterns of brain activity presents a unique ability for precise neuromodulation. Recent applications of this technique, known as decoded neurofeedback, have manipulated fear conditioning, visual perception, confidence judgements and facial preference. However, there has yet to be an empirical justification of the timing and data processing parameters of these experiments. Suboptimal parameter settings could impact the efficacy of neurofeedback learning and contribute to the ‘non-responder’ effect. The goal of this study was to investigate how design parameters of decoded neurofeedback experiments affect decoding accuracy and neurofeedback performance. Subjects participated in three fMRI sessions: two ‘finger localizer’ sessions to identify the fMRI patterns associated with each of the four fingers of the right hand, and one ‘finger finding’ neurofeedback session to assess neurofeedback performance. Using only the localizer data, we show that real-time decoding can be degraded by poor experiment timing or ROI selection. To set key parameters for the neurofeedback session, we used offline simulations of decoded neurofeedback using data from the localizer sessions to predict neurofeedback performance. We show that these predictions align with real neurofeedback performance at the group level and can also explain individual differences in neurofeedback success. Overall, this work demonstrates the usefulness of offline simulation to improve the success of real-time decoded neurofeedback experiments.


1978 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 239-239
Author(s):  
W.H. Jefferys ◽  
J.D. Mulholland ◽  
L.M. Ries

AbstractA program is underway at the McDonald Observatory to extend the series of photographic observations of the satellites of the outer planets (Abbot, Mulholland and Shelus, A.J. 80, 1975), and concurrent theoretical studies have led to a new orbital theory for the resonant pair of satellites, Enceladus and Dione (Jefferys and Ries, A.J. 80, 1975). The construction of the new theory, using the computer software system TRIGMAN, has provided Fortran subroutines for the computation of the planetocentric coordinates of the two satellites, as well as partial derivatives for the orbit elements and certain other physical parameters of the orbit problem, including some of the harmonics of the gravitational field of Saturn. The available photographic observations for these two objects are currently being discussed with the new theory, and improved values of the orbital parameters are expected in the near future.


1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel W. Gingery ◽  
Ayla Sen Embil ◽  
J. Daniel Robinson ◽  
James A. Jernigan ◽  
Luz M. Labrada ◽  
...  

The ability of a personal computer software system to predict actual serum phenobarbital concentrations (SPC) in outpatients taking phenobarbital chronically was assessed by comparing actual with predicted SPC for accuracy, bias, and precision. Data for a four-year period were collected on patients at an outpatient clinic's pharmacokinetic consultation service. The study group included 50 adults and children with at least one SPC taken at a known time after dose administration. Input variables were weight, sex, height, age, concomitant drugs and diseases, phenobarbital dosage regimen, and the time and reported value of all SPC. Initially, SIMKIN (SIMulated KINetics) simulated dosing regimens on the basis of literature estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters; SPC were then estimated for these regimens and compared with actual values. One or two additional SPC were added to the input data and analyzed, and the predicted SPC compared with actual values. Although SIMKIN's accuracy and bias as measured by regression analysis and mean prediction error, respectively, were within clinically acceptable limits, the precision was not. However, these results are limited by the population studied. Patient compliance, concomitant Phenytoin therapy, changes in phenobarbital pharmacokinetic parameters with chronic dosing, and disease interactions may significantly affect predictive ability. The clinical effects of these factors need to be evaluated to further improve predictions. Extracto Se evaluó la habilidad de un programa de computadora (SIMKIN = SIMulated KINetics) para predecir la concentration sérica de fenobarbital en pacientes bajo tratamiento crónico con la droga. Se compararon las concentraciones séricas reaies con las calculadas por el programa para determinar la exactitud, predisposición y precisión del mismo. Se recopiló data de pacientes que fueron atendidos en una clínica de consultoría farmacocinética por un período de cuatro años. El grupo de estudio consistió de 50 adultos y niños de los cuales se obtuvo al menos un valor de concentración sérica de fenobarbital a un tiempo dado luego de administrarsele la dosis. Las variables incluidas fueron el peso, sexo, altura, edad, otras drogas y los valores de todas las concentraciones séricas obtenidas. Se estimaron las concentraciones séricas con el programa, y se compararon con los valores reales. Aunque luego del análisis estadistico de la data, la exactitud y predisposición del programa de computadora se encontraron dentro de los límites clínicos aceptables, la precisión no lo fué. El cumplimiento con la terapia de parte del paciente, cambios en los parámetros farmacocinéticos de fenobarbital, y la presencia de otras enfermedades entre otros factores pueden haber afectado significativamente la habilidad predictiva del programa. Resume SIMKIN (SIMulated KINetics) est un programme informatisé utilisé pour simuler la pharmacocinétique de plusieurs médicaments. Dans cette étude, on a voulu évaluer la capacité de SIMKIN à prédire les concentrations sériques de phénobarbital (CSP) chez des patients externes prenant cette médication de façon chronique; on a donc comparé les valeurs réelles des CSP avec celles prédites, du point de vue exactitude, déviation et précision. Les données ont été recueillies dans les dossiers de 50 adultes ou enfants fréquentant un service externe de consultation pharmacocinétique depuis quatre ans. Au moins une CSP déterminée à un moment connu après l'administration du phénobarbital (P) était disponible pour chaque patient. Les variables considérées étaient le poids, le sexe, la grandeur, l'âge, les médicaments et pathologies concomitantes, la posologie du P, les CSP et les heures de prélèvements. Initialement, SIMKIN utilisait des paramètres pharmacocinétiques estimés à partir de la littérature pour prédire les CSP; il comparait ainsi les valeurs prédites avec les valeurs réelles. Par la suite, une ou deux valeurs de CSP réelles étaient entrées dans le programme; SIMKIN analysait ces CSP, réaljustait les paramètres pharmacocinétiques en fonction de celles-ci puis comparait les valeurs prédites avec celles obtenues. Bien que l'exactitude et la déviation de SIMKIN, tel que mesurés respectivement par une analyse de régression et l'erreur moyen de prédiction, étaient acceptables cliniquement, la précision ne l'était pas. Cependant, ces résultats sont limités par la population étudiée. Les prédictions peuvent être influencées de façon significative par la compliance des patients, l'utilisation concomitante de phénytoïne, des changements dans les paramètres pharmacocinétiques du phénobarbital lors d'une utilisation chronique et les interactions médicamenteuses. Les effets cliniques de ces facteurs devront être évalués pour améliorer les prédictions.


1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Kim ◽  
J. P. de Vaujany ◽  
M. Guingand ◽  
D. Play

In this paper, a numerical computer software based on the Finite Prism Method, is proposed in order to design external cylindrical spur gears with a web. It enables computing load sharing, pressure distribution, meshing stiffness and 3D tooth fillet stresses. The software is generally used during the detailed design for optimizing gear meshing. The software is also used to quantify the influences of web design parameters. The process is based on a statistical method: experimental design, that permits studying the influence of parameters. Thus, a simple formula was found in order to estimate the maximum principal stress in the tooth root. The results of the formula were compared with those found in the bibliography. The formula can be useful during the preliminary design for predimensioning webbed spur gears in design department.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Cai ◽  
Kuaishe Wang ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Wen Wang

With the rapid development of the shipping and the power industry, the demand for high-performance cupronickel alloy pipes is greatly increasing. The main processing methods of this alloy include semisolid ingot casting and deformation by hot extrusion. Many defects appear during the hot extrusion process for large diameter cupronickel alloy pipes, which results in considerable problems. Therefore, numerical simulation of hot extrusion for cupronickel alloy pipes before the practical production is of vital significance to properly determine the deformation parameters. In order to obtain the influence of processing parameters on the piercing extrusion process of large diameter cupronickel alloy pipe, metal flowing law under different deformation conditions was simulated and analyzed via employing a 3D FEM code. The results showed that piercing speed had no obvious influence on the cupronickel alloy billet. However, the friction had significant influence on the piercing process of cupronickel alloy billet: with the increase of friction coefficient, the temperature and the load increased.


1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-754
Author(s):  
Cathy B. Swider ◽  
Nong Ye

To operate a computer software system computer users need to obtain information about the system at five levels of abstraction, from concrete to abstract: physical, logical, functional, conceptual, and objective. The five levels of information may be presented at different stages of users' training, with each stage involving only a certain kind of information. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of physical + logical information versus functional + conceptual information given at different stages on users' performance. Subjects with no prior knowledge of a computer database received two stages of training to learn how to construct queries of the computer database. At the preliminary stage, only one kind of information was provided. After two stages, the subjects were asked to perform query tasks using the database. The statistical analysis of subjects' accuracy showed no significant effects of information at either stage and no significant interaction. Explanations of this finding are provided.


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