Antibiotic resistance profiles from isolated bacteria in outpatient infertility clinic in Greece

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of common aerobic gram positive and gram negative bacteria, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis in symptomatic and asymptomatic Greek patients and to determine antibiotic resistance profiles. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 316 adult men examined at the Assisted Reproduction Department of IASO- Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic in Athens, Greece. Sperm have been collected and proceed to culture and antibiotic sensitivity at the Central Laboratories following a standard protocol. Results: Twelve inappropriate out of 316 samples were excluded from the study. Out of the remaining 304 sperm samples 111 (37.5 %) were positive. Antibiotic sensitivity testing detected resistances to some commonly used antibiotics such as b-lactams and the quinolones. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were the most frequently isolated bacteria (45%), followed by Enterobacteriaceae (40%) and Enterococci 12.6%. The majority of 45 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, were Escherichia coli (31 strains/68%) corresponding to 27.9% of the total number of positive cultures. One infection to Chlamydia trachomatis was detected by an immunochromatic rapid test, one Candida sp, one Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two M. hominis and three Streptococcus group B. Escherichia coli were resistant to b lactams in about 38.7% due to b-lactamase, and 22.5%, 9.6%, 6.4%, were resistant to nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin respectively. Enterococci have shown resistance due to b-lactamase and PBP 5 alteration/hyperproduction. Ureaplasmas were resistant to the fluoroquinolones tested ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, at 72.2% and 62.3% respectively. Conclusion: Carriage of bacteria in sperm is controversial for its contribution in sperm quality and fertility. In our IVF unit, we follow a protocol of isolation and antibiotic profiling of bacteria from sperm culture regardless of their concentration in sperm and giving the numbers/ml. This helps doctors to distinguish carriage or infection and to decide about potential therapy. Given the antibiotic resistances shown by this study, the importance of culture against empiric therapy in assisted reproduction patients is also clearly demonstrated.

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Frequency and antibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in genital samples of sexually active individuals

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2011.29217 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 152 (42) ◽

pp. 1698-1702 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Balázs Farkas ◽

Eszter Ostorházi ◽

Katinka Pónyai ◽

Béla Tóth ◽

Elmardi Adlan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

High Rate ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Resistant Strains

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis have important role among the causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in genital samples obtained from patients examined in the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Centre of the Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest between May 1, 2008 and July 31, 2010. Patients and methods: Samples were taken from the urethra in men and from the cervix and urethra in women by universal swab (Biolab®) into Urea-Myco DUO kit (Bio-Rad®) and were incubated for 48 hours at 37 C°. Antibiotic sensitivity of positive samples was determined in U9 bouillon using SIR Mycoplasma kit (Bio-Rad®). Results: Samples for 4154 patients aged 16-60 years were examined. In 247/4154 samples (6%) U. urealyticum and in 26/4154 samples (0.63%) M. hominis was isolated from the genital tract. Most U. urealyticum and M. hominis strains (75% and 77%, respectively) were cultured from cervix, while the remaining 25%, and 23% from the male and female urethra, respectively. U. urealyticum and M. hominis were most commonly detected in patients aged between 21 and 40 years. The majority of U. urealyticum strains were sensitive to tetracycline (94%), doxycycline (95%), azithromycin (88%) and josamycin (90%), but were resistant to ofloxacin (21%), erythromycin (85%) and clindamycin (79%). Seventy-seven percent of the U. urealyticum strains were simultaneously resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, suggesting that ex iuvantibus therapies may select cross-resistant strains to both antibiotics. The resistance of M. hominis to clindamycin, doxycycline, ofloxacin and tetracycline varied between 4% and 12 %. Conclusions: Because none of the strains was sensitive to all examined antibiotics, the antibiotic sensitivity of U. urealyticum and M. hominis strains should be determined. The high rate of ofloxacin, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance should be considered in the therapy of U. urealyticum infections in Hungary. This is the firstsuch a clinical microbiological study in this topic in Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1698–1702.

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Association between Human Papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections in male partners of infertile couples

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-99279-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Olivera ◽

Jessica P. Mosmann ◽

Daniela A. Paira ◽

Rosa I. Molina ◽

Andrea D. Tissera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Low Risk ◽

Male Partners ◽

Urogenital Infection ◽

Hpv Genotypes ◽

Infertile Couples

AbstractThe prevalence of HPV infection and its relationship with other sexually transmitted infections was analyzed in a cohort of 117 male partners of infertile couples from Cordoba, Argentina. Semen samples and urethral swabs were obtained and the infection with HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis, HSV1, HSV2, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was analyzed. A prevalence of HPV infection of 27.4% was found. Interestingly, infections by exclusively low risk HPV genotypes or high/intermediate risk HPV genotypes were present in 64.5% and 22.6% of cases, respectively. Low risk-HPV6 was the most frequently detected genotype. Remarkably, HPV and C. trachomatis infections were significantly associated to each other (OR: 11.55, 95% CI 1.14–117.06). No significant differences in sperm quality were found between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients indicating that HPV male urogenital infection does not impair sperm quality. Our results show a high prevalence of HPV urogenital infection among male partners of infertile couples, and that HPV and C. trachomatis infections are reciprocal risk factors of their co-infection. Moreover, our results suggest that men constitute a reservoir for continued transmission of C. trachomatis and HPV to women highlighting the need for routine screening for these two pathogens in male partners of infertile couples.

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Chlamydia trachomatis and urogenital mycoplasms in nonconococcal urethirits in men

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1002047v ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 (1-2) ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

Sonja Vesic ◽

Jelica Vukicevic ◽

Eleonora Gvozdenovic ◽

Dusan Skiljevic ◽

Slobodanka Janosevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Nongonococcal Urethritis ◽

Etiological Agents ◽

The One

Introduction. Nongonococcal urethritis is the most common sexually transmitted infection in men, with vast majority of the etiological agents such as Chlamydia trachomatis, followed by urogenital mycoplasmas. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in nongonococcal urethritis in men, and to examine infections associated with these agents. Material and methods. 299 sexually active, heterosexual men with nongonococcal urethritis were included into the study. Urethral samples were taken with a dacron swab placed into the urethra up to 2-3 cm. The Direct immunojluorescence tehnique was performed for identification of Chlamydia trachomatis. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were detected with Mycoplasma 1ST assay. Results. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 22.75%, Uraeplasma urealyticum in 21.08% and Mycoplasma hominis in 8.02% cases. We found no significant differences in prevalence between Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticym (p>0.05). Monoinjections were found in 51.85% with significantly higher rate (p<0.01) than associated infections (11.70%). Among associated infections, coinfection of Chlamydia trahomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was predominant. Association of Chlamydia trachomatis with urogenital mycoplasmas was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the one between Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. In 36.45% patients no patogenic microorganisms were detected. Conclusion. These results confirmed the etiological role of Chlamydia trachomatis and urogenital mycoplasmas in nongonococcal urethritis with prevalence of 51.85% in monoinfections and 11.70% in associated infections. In 36.45% of cases the etiology of urethritis was not elucidated. These results suggest that more sensitive diagnostic tool should be applied when searching for the detailed etiology of nongonococcal urethritis.

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High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance in Isolates From Diseased Livestock

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.652351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Nurul Asyiqin Haulisah ◽

Latiffah Hassan ◽

Siti Khairani Bejo ◽

Saleh Mohammed Jajere ◽

Nur Indah Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Situational Analysis ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory ◽

E Coli ◽

Livestock Health ◽

High Level

Overuse of antimicrobials in livestock health and production beyond therapeutic needs has been highlighted in recent years as one of the major risk factors for the acceleration of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacteria in both humans and animals. While there is an abundance of reports on AMR in clinical isolates from humans, information regarding the patterns of resistance in clinical isolates from animals is scarce. Hence, a situational analysis of AMR based on clinical isolates from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory was performed to examine the extent and patterns of resistance demonstrated by isolates from diseased food animals. Between 2015 and 2017, 241 cases of diseased livestock were received. Clinical specimens from ruminants (cattle, goats and sheep), and non-ruminants (pigs and chicken) were received for culture and sensitivity testing. A total of 701 isolates were recovered from these specimens. From ruminants, Escherichia coli (n = 77, 19.3%) predominated, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 73, 18.3%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) revealed that E. coli resistance was highest for penicillin, streptomycin, and neomycin (77–93%). In addition, S. aureus was highly resistant to neomycin, followed by streptomycin and ampicillin (68–82%). More than 67% of E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and only 2.6% were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. Similarly, 65.6% of S. aureus isolates were MDR and only 5.5% were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. From non-ruminants, a total of 301 isolates were recovered. Escherichia coli (n = 108, 35.9%) and Staphylococcus spp. (n = 27, 9%) were the most frequent isolates obtained. For E. coli, the highest resistance was against amoxicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and neomycin (95–100%). Staphylococcus spp. had a high level of resistance to streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin (80–100%). The MDR levels of E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. isolates from non-ruminants were 72.2 and 74.1%, respectively. Significantly higher resistance level were observed among isolates from non-ruminants compared to ruminants for tetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

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EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PLASMID CURING ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ON SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 323-327

Author(s):

Mamunu Abdulkadir SULAIMAN ◽

H.S Muhammad ◽

Aliyu Muhammad Sani ◽

Aminu Ibrahim ◽

Ibrahim Muhammad Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Plasmid Curing ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

E Coli ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Mar Index ◽

The Impact

Multidrug resistance (MDR) exhibited by some strains of Escherichia coli may be due to acquiring mobile genetic element (R-plasmid) by the bacteria, or intrinsically induced by inappropriate use of antibiotics by the hosts. Infection by such strains may result to prolonged illness and greater risk of death. The study evaluated the impact of curing on antibiotic resistance on selected clinical isolates of E. coli. Twenty clinical isolates of E. coli from our previous studies were re-characterized using conventional microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by disk diffusion method, MDR selected based on resistance to ≥ 2 classes of antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was determined as ratio of the number of antibiotic resisted to the total number of antibiotics tested and considered significant if ≥. 0.2. The isolates that showed significant MAR index were subjected to plasmid curing using acridine orange, thereafter, profiled for plasmid and the cured ones were re-tested against the antibiotics they initially resisted. Out of the 20 isolates, 19 (95%) were confirmed as E. coli, all (100%) of which were MDRs, which was highest against augmentin (78.9%) followed by amoxacillin (52.6%). However, after the plasmid curing only 6 (31.6%) out of the 19 isolates cured retained significant MAR index and the level of the significance had reduced drastically in 16 (84.2%) isolates. Conclusively, curing assay can completely eliminate R-plasmid acquired resistance. More studied on plasmid curing agents for possible augmentation of the agents into antibiotics may see the rise of successful antibiotic era again.

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Negonorėjiniai uretritai: etiopatogenezė, klinikos, diagnostikos ir gydymo savitumai

Lithuanian General Practitioner ◽

10.37499/lbpg.663 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 259-264

Author(s):

Simona Žilinskienė ◽

Arūnas Petkevičius

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Ureaplasma Parvum

Negonorėjinis uretritas (NGU) yra dažniausia vyrų lytinių takų liga. Mokslinių tyrimų rezultatais pagrįsta, kad pagrindiniai sukėlėjai yra Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum. Įdiegus pažangius molekulinės diagnostikos metodus, dažnai šlaplės mikrofloroje randama Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, Gardnerella vaginalis ir kitų saprofitinių mikroorganizmų, kurių svarba uretritų etiopatogenezėje yra prieštaringa ir iki galo neišaiškinta. Negydytas vyrų uretritas gali sukelti sutrikimų, susijusių su reprodukcine bei lytine funkcija, ir yra viena iš pagrindinių nevaisingumo priežasčių. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra, apžvelgus mokslinę literatūrą, išanalizuoti vyrų NGU epidemiologiją, priežastis, diagnostikos ir gydymo galimybes.

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Detection of biofilm among uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its correlation with antibiotic resistance pattern

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/jlp.jlp_98_18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. 017-022 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rashmi M. Karigoudar ◽

Mahesh H. Karigoudar ◽

Sanjay M. Wavare ◽

Smita S. Mangalgi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli accounts for 70%–95% of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTI is a serious health problem with respect to antibiotic resistance and biofilms formation being the prime cause for the antibiotic resistance. Biofilm can restrict the diffusion of substances and binding of antimicrobials. In this context, the present study is aimed to perform in vitro detection of biofilm formation among E. coli strains isolated from urine and to correlate their susceptibility pattern with biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 E. coli strains isolated from patients suffering from UTI were included in the study. The identification of E. coli was performed by colony morphology, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. The detection of biofilm was carried out by Congo Red Agar (CRA) method, tube method (TM), and tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller–Hinton agar plate. RESULTS: Of the 100 E. coli strains, 49 (49%) and 51 (51%) were from catheterized and noncatheterized patients, respectively. Biofilm production was positive by CRA, TM, and TCP method were 49 (49%), 55 (55%), and 69 (69%), respectively. Biofilm producers showed maximum resistance to co-trimoxazole (73.9%), gentamicin (94.2%), and imipenem (11.6%) when compared to nonbiofilm producers. Significant association was seen between resistance to antibiotic and biofilm formation with a P = 0.01 (<0.05). CONCLUSION: A greater understanding of biofilm detection in E. coli will help in the development of newer and more effective treatment. The detection of biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility pattern helps in choosing the correct antibiotic therapy.

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Chlamydia trachomatis : probable cause of prostatitis

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/0956462981922395 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 350-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Iwona Ostaszewska ◽

Bozena Zdrodowska-Stefanow ◽

Jerzy Badyda ◽

Katarzyna Pucilo ◽

Jadwiga Trybula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Group I ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Group Ii

Summary: Seventy-eight men with symptoms of chronic or subacute prostatitis were enrolled. Investigations for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral swabs were carried out. The expressed prostatic secretions were additionally examined for Mycoplasma hominis , Ureaplasma urealyticum , Gardnerella vaginalis , other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, Trichomonas vaginalis , yeast-like fungi and leucocyte count. Furthermore, all patients were evaluated for the presence of serum anti-chlamydial IgG antibodies. Signs of inflammation on the basis of the count of leucocytes per hpf in the prostatic secretions were detected in 42 patients (group I). Prostatodynia was found in the remaining 36 men (group II). In group I, chlamydial antigen was detected in the urethra and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) in 6 (14.3%) and 9 (21.4%) patients, respectively. No evidence of current chlamydial infection was found in group II. The presence of serum anti-chlamydial IgG antibodies was demonstrated in 13/42 (30.9%) patients with prostatitis and in 3/36 (8.3%) patients with prostatodynia ( P 0.01). The results suggest that chlamydia may be one of the causative agents of chronic prostatitis. <

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Cervical Cytopathological Findings in Korean Women withChlamydia trachomatis,Mycoplasma hominis, andUreaplasma urealyticumInfections

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/756713 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuri Choi ◽

Jaesook Roh

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽

Causal Role ◽

Pap Smears ◽

Korean Women ◽

Cellular Change ◽

Cytological Abnormalities

This is to investigate the cervical cytological abnormalities associated withChlamydia trachomatis,Mycoplasma hominis,Mycoplasma genitalium,andUreaplasma urealyticuminfections on routine screen. A total of 714 subjects who had undergone cervical Pap smears and concomitant analyses for cervical infections were included by a retrospective search. The frequencies of reactive cellular change (RCC) and squamous epithelial abnormalities were significantly higher inChlamydiapositive subjects than in uninfected subjects(P<0.001). Of the 124 subjects tested forM. hominis,M. genitalium, andU. urealyticum, 14 (11%) were positive forM. hominisand 29 (23%) were positive forU. urealyticum. Squamous abnormalities were more frequent in subjects withUreaplasmainfections than in uninfected subjects (24% versus 8%). Taking together these findings,C. trachomatisandU. urealyticummay have a causal role in the development of cervical epithelial changes, including RCC. Thus, extra awareness is warranted in cervical screening of women withChlamydiaorUreaplasmainfections.

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