scholarly journals AUTUMN AND WINTER LAMBING STRATEGIES IN NORTHLAND

1986 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
W.G.K. Andrewes ◽  
A.O. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Mating Ability ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Progress in the development of autumn and winter lambing systems in Northland is described. Both involve split flock lambing in which 30 or 15% of ewes lamb in autumn or winter respectivelv, the remainder in spring. Using progesterone priming, a high ram to ewe ratio (10%) and ram management, 80.90% of ewes joined lamb over 2 cycles. Winter lambing using cull ewes is simple and does not require a breeding programme. Ewes and their lambs can be sent to the meat works from September. For low cost lamb production with present breeds, autumn lambing requires a breeding programme to develop spring mating ability. Heavyweight(18kg)carcasses can be produced early in the killing season. Autumn born replacement ewe lambs consistently averaged 40kg before their first summer. Both systems offer more flexibility in sheep production on farms and in processing and marketing. Keywords: Autumn lambing, winter lambing, split lambing, management options, extending killing season, heavyweight lambs production

The effects of herbage allocation and concentrate supplementation on the performance of replacement ewe lambs offered extended grazed pastures

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 140-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
J.P. Hanrahan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Cost System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
The Cost

Recent studies at this centre (Flanagan 2003, Keady et al. 2006) have shown that grazing swards in the winter (extended grazing), either in mid, late or throughout pregnancy, provides a low-cost system for wintering ewes. With decoupling of subsidy from production post Mid Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy it is essential to improve efficiency and reduce costs of production. One of the major costs in sheep production is the cost of rearing replacements. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of herbage allowance and concentrate supplementation on animal performance during extended grazing and on compensatory growth during the subsequent grazing season. Furthermore the potential herbage allowance sparing effect of concentrate supplementation was also determined.

Comparative water consumption and efficiency in three divergent sheep types

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Schoeman ◽  
J. A. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
University Of Pretoria ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The University ◽  
Absolute Basis

SUMMARYCumulative feed and water intakes and body weights of 30 growing ewe lambs of three different breeds were recorded weekly for 34 weeks between October 1990 and June 1991 at the Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria. The results were analysed to obtain water efficiencies on both an absolute and metabolic weight gain basis. On an absolute basis, Mutton Merino sheep consumed 145% and Dorper 109% more water than Blackhead Persian sheep. On a metabolic weight gain basis, the corresponding differences were 92 and 66%, respectively. Mutton Merino and Dorper lambs also consumed 69 and 41% more water per kg feed intake than the Blackhead Persians, respectively. Weekly water consumption increased twice as much per 1 °C increase in ambient temperature in the Dorper and Mutton Merino lambs as in the Blackhead Persians. These results suggest that sheep of the Blackhead Persian, and probably also other indigenous breeds, balance their water requirements at a more economical level and would be a more appropriate choice than those breeds currently being managed in sustainable sheep production systems in areas where water availability is limited.

Prediction of conception rate in extensive beef herds in north-western Australia. 2. Continuous mating and minimal management

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK O'Rourke ◽  
VJ Doogan ◽  
DJ Robertson ◽  
D Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Survival Risk

Data from a continuously mated, unweaned and unsupplemented herd of 400 Bos indicus cross cows at 'Kidman Springs', from 1981-85, were used to develop statistical models for conception rate and pattern. At the annual muster in June, an average of 49% of cows were rearing a calf; 15% of these and 75% of those not rearing a calf were pregnant; and 54% conceived within the next 12 months. Cows non-pregnant in June had higher conception rates than pregnant ones (75 v. 33%), and among pregnant cows, those which had reared a calf had higher conception rates than those which had not (40 v. 26%). Cows that had not reared a calf were much heavier and in better condition in June than those that had, while pregnant cows were slightly heavier and better conditioned than non-pregnant ones. The effect of liveweight or condition score in June on subsequent conception rate was consistent across years, reproductive classes and cow ages. Conception rates responded linearly to increases in liveweight, in the range 250-400 kg, by 11 percentage points up to October and by 24 points up to June. Similar linear responses to condition score in the range poor-good condition were 8 points by October and 15 points by June. Reproductive wastage was high, with 20% of cows diagnosed pregnant in June failing to rear their calf to branding. Low-cost management options to improve reproductive efficiency should be aimed at reducing nutritional stress and improving seasonal nutrition. To improve on the norm of a calf every second year in this environment, the class of cows not rearing a calf but pregnant and expected to calve by December has the greatest potential to conceive in consecutive years and should be segregated for preferential management. Conversely, aged cows not rearing a calf have comparatively low fertility and non-pregnant younger cows not rearing a calf are likely to be a survival risk following an out-ofseason conception. Both groups should be culled.

Response of additional ewe lamb liveweight during gestation on birth and weaning weight of offspring and liveweight of the ewe lamb at weaning

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Schreurs ◽  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
F. J. Mulvaney ◽  
P. C. H. Morel ◽  
D. M. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ewe Lamb

Increasing the liveweight of ewe lambs during gestation may have positive effects on lamb birthweight and weaning weight and also on ewe lamb liveweight at weaning. Specific times during the gestation period of the ewe lamb may be more responsive to improved nutrition and increases in liveweight. The objective of this work was to use a meta-analytic approach to investigate the effects of ewe lamb liveweight at mating and during pregnancy on lamb birth and weaning weights, and the ewe lamb’s liveweight at weaning. Increasing ewe lamb liveweight in early gestation and in particular before mating gave the greatest increases in the birth and weaning weight of the lambs, and also of the ewe lamb’s liveweight at weaning compared with increasing liveweight in the second and third trimester of gestation. This indicates that management practices for ewe lambs that generate higher liveweight at mating are likely to result in increased lamb survival, higher weaning percentages, greater lamb weaning weights and create rising 2-year-old ewes with better liveweight for mating in the subsequent season. Compared with ewe lambs that gave birth and reared singletons to weaning, those ewe lambs that gave birth to twins and reared twins had greater increases in lamb birthweights, lamb weaning weights and ewe lamb weights at weaning for each extra kilogram of ewe lamb liveweight during gestation. For ewe lambs, especially those that birth and rear twins, management options that increase the pre-mating weights will have the greatest response in lamb birthweight, weaning weight and liveweight of the ewe lamb itself at weaning.

scholarly journals Rapid Adsorption of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Graphene Nanoplatelets and Their Composites for Extracorporeal Detoxification

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yishan Zheng ◽  
Nicholas Pescatore ◽  
Yury Gogotsi ◽  
Boris Dyatkin ◽  
Ganesh Ingavle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Potential Use

Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome that features excessive release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators that could lead to organ dysfunction. Despite different treatment and management options, sepsis associated high morbidity and mortality rates remain. This has prompted intensive research into alternative therapeutic approaches such as targeted removal of sepsis related molecules using extracorporeal hemoperfusion. In this study, we explore the use of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) as low-cost alternative hemosorbents for rapid removal of a broad spectrum of proinflammatory cytokine markers. Firstly, the physical characteristics, cytotoxicity, and cytokine marker adsorption profile of GNP were assessed. The results not only confirmed the surface characteristics of GNP and their ability to rapidly remove cytokine markers, but also indicated a low cytotoxicity towards the hepatic cell line HepG2. GNP were then incorporated into a freestanding flexible GNP-poly(tetrafluoroethylene) film with preserved surface characteristics and cytokine adsorption profile for potential use in hemoperfusion applications.

scholarly journals Development of improved wheat genotypes in Zambia using incomplete resistance against rusts.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
W.A.J. de Milliano
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Uniform Resistance ◽  
Incomplete Resistance

A low-cost breeding programme was used to develop high-yielding lines within six years. The lines had stable and incomplete resistance to Puccinia graminis, uniform resistance to Puccinia recondita and stable and adequate resistance to various pathogens and pests. Locally selected parental genotypes with incomplete resistance to the Puccinia species were used and crossing was carried out on a large scale with few personnel, using a male gametocide (Ethrel [ethephon]). (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

A regional model of sheep lice to study the effect on lice prevalence and costs for Australian farms using a range of treatment efficacy in combination with other lice control strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1931
Author(s):  
Peri G. Lucas ◽  
Brian J. Horton ◽  
David Parsons ◽  
Anna L. Carew
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Intervention Level ◽  
Sheep Production

Using a previously developed predictive model, three different management practices were examined in combination with post-shearing chemical treatments for lice, to determine which combinations could provide cost-effective reductions in lice prevalence over a 20-year period. The model included nine sheep production regions across Australia, all of which have different regional flock prevalence of lice and mean numbers of sheep/property. The lice prevalence model simulated the effects of four management options on Australian lice prevalence and on financial return (expressed as net present value) over a 20-year period. Management options modelled in this study were: treatment for eradication, inspection for lice detection, intervention level, and biosecurity of purchased sheep. The costs and benefits of these management options were calculated on the basis of published data or standard industry costs. Combinations of eradication achieved through treatment and biosecurity of purchased sheep provided the greatest modelled reductions in Australian flock lice prevalence at the lowest cost. With current management practices, lice prevalence was estimated as 16.3% of Australian properties infested and lice costs were estimated at 902 cents per sheep over 20 years. The model estimated that with appropriate management, lice prevalence could be reduced to less than 1.5% of properties infested and costs could be halved to 435 cents per sheep over 20 years. With further development, the modelling described herein offers potential guidance for Australian sheep producers in selecting the most effective and cost-efficient combination of management strategies to reduce lice infestation.

Dietary nutrient restrictions in the post-weaning period change feed efficiency and productivity of Santa Inês ewe lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (17) ◽  
pp. 1978
Author(s):  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro Rogério ◽  
Francisco Gleyson da Silveira Alves ◽  
Luciana Freitas Guedes ◽  
Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

Context Interest in sheep production has grown considerably, mainly in the meat market segment in large urban centres. This growth is due to improved efficiencyand quality products, which makes the segment attractive for production. Aims Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary nutrient restrictions on the feed efficiency and productivity of Santa Inês ewe lambs. Methods Twenty Santa Inês ewe lambs were weaned at an average weight of 15.09 ± 2.63 kg and were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design to nutritional plans for carcass finishing (early and late maturity) and levels of nutrient restriction (0% and 15% reduction of both crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) relative to requirements) with five replications per treatment. The trial was divided into two phases: lambs aged 4–8 months (<8 months) and lambs >8 months old. Key results There were no differences (P > 0.05) between diets for average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency and residual feed intake. Ratios of ADG:DMI (% of liveweight (LW) and LW0.75) were affected (P ≤ 0.05) by restriction in ewe lambs >8 months old. Restriction model tests (ω1, ω2, ω3 and ω4) did not differ (P > 0.05) from complete models for diets formulated for early maturity; therefore, a single standard growth curve fitted this nutritional plan. On the other hand, the restriction model responses for diets formulated to late maturity differed (P ≤ 0.05) from the complete model, generating different standard growth curves according to the applied restriction. Feeding Santa Inês ewe lambs a restricted diet (by 15% CP and TDN) in an early-maturity nutritional plan will allow lambs to reach slaughter LW earlier than those fed unrestricted diets. Conclusions and implications When the objective is to terminate animals at a later age (>8 months), unrestricted diet formulated to a late-maturity nutritional plan will produce higher LW and subsequent reproductive efficiency. By contrast, reducing CP and TDN by 15% for ewe lambs >8 months of age may reduce growth rates at an initial phase.

Performance of indigenous and exotic×indigenous sheep breeds fed different diets in spring and the efficiency of feeding system in crop–livestock farming

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ATES ◽  
G. KELES ◽  
F. INAL ◽  
A. GUNES ◽  
B. DHEHIBI
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Sheep Production

SUMMARYGenetic variation in feed efficiency may have a significant impact on sheep production in integrated crop livestock farming systems in dry areas, where the shortage and poor quality of feed is widespread. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of sheep genotype and feed source on liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency and dry matter (DM) intake in feedlot lambs finished on diets based on low-cost forages or a high-cost concentrated feed as a means of assessing the efficiency of this feeding system. Early weaned lambs of the purebred fat-tailed Akkaraman breed were compared with synthetic Anatolian Merino (0·80 German Mutton Merino×0·20 Native Akkaraman) breed. The lambs were kept in individual pens for 8 weeks and fed four diets: daily harvested forages of triticale (T), Hungarian vetch (HV), a triticale-Hungarian vetch mixture (T+HV), and a concentrate-based feed (CF). Lamb liveweight gain (LWG) was monitored during the early (18 April–16 May) and late (17 May–13 June) spring periods. Diet×period and diet×breed interactions were detected in LWG of the lambs. Lambs from both genotypes on the concentrate-based diet had higher liveweight gains, DM intakes and better feed conversion ratios compared with lambs finished on the forage-based diets. The LWG of lambs offered triticale forage decreased from 177 g/head/day in the early spring to 95 g/head/day in the late spring period, as plant maturity increased. Liveweight gains did not change for the other forage rations during the same period. The LWG of Akkaraman lambs were similar for both the early (189 g/head/day) and the late (183 g/head/day) spring periods, whereas Anatolian Merino lambs gained 41 g/head/day less LW and had 3·8 higher feed conversion rate for the late spring period compared with the early spring period. The present study showed that fat-tailed Akkaraman lambs were better able to utilize forages with low nutritive value compared to Anatolian Merino lambs, and may be better suited to semi-arid areas, where crop and livestock are highly integrated in the farming system.

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