Response of additional ewe lamb liveweight during gestation on birth and weaning weight of offspring and liveweight of the ewe lamb at weaning

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Schreurs ◽  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
F. J. Mulvaney ◽  
P. C. H. Morel ◽  
D. M. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ewe Lamb

Increasing the liveweight of ewe lambs during gestation may have positive effects on lamb birthweight and weaning weight and also on ewe lamb liveweight at weaning. Specific times during the gestation period of the ewe lamb may be more responsive to improved nutrition and increases in liveweight. The objective of this work was to use a meta-analytic approach to investigate the effects of ewe lamb liveweight at mating and during pregnancy on lamb birth and weaning weights, and the ewe lamb’s liveweight at weaning. Increasing ewe lamb liveweight in early gestation and in particular before mating gave the greatest increases in the birth and weaning weight of the lambs, and also of the ewe lamb’s liveweight at weaning compared with increasing liveweight in the second and third trimester of gestation. This indicates that management practices for ewe lambs that generate higher liveweight at mating are likely to result in increased lamb survival, higher weaning percentages, greater lamb weaning weights and create rising 2-year-old ewes with better liveweight for mating in the subsequent season. Compared with ewe lambs that gave birth and reared singletons to weaning, those ewe lambs that gave birth to twins and reared twins had greater increases in lamb birthweights, lamb weaning weights and ewe lamb weights at weaning for each extra kilogram of ewe lamb liveweight during gestation. For ewe lambs, especially those that birth and rear twins, management options that increase the pre-mating weights will have the greatest response in lamb birthweight, weaning weight and liveweight of the ewe lamb itself at weaning.

Reproductive performance of ewe lambs: genetic correlation with weaning weight and subsequent reproductive performance

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Barlow ◽  
CJ Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Selection For

The reproductive performance of Merino ewe lambs was examined in flocks with different selection histories for growth to weaning and net reproductive rate. These ewes were drawn from selection flocks maintained at the Agricultural Research Station, Trangie. There was evidence of a positive genetic correlation between weaning weight and reproductive performance of ewe lambs. Selection for weaning weight had a significant effect on the percentage of ewes lambing (P < 0.05). This appeared to be a function of a higher level of fertility (P <0.05) and a higher proportion of ewes mating (n.s.). The proportion of ewes apparently in oestrus during a 39 day teasing period, prior to joining, was significantly influenced by selection for weaning weight (P < 0.05). Simultaneous selection for increased net reproductive rate, weaning weight and clean fleece weight did not result in higher ewe lamb performance than that achieved by selection for increased weaning weight alone. No conclusion could be drawn from these data about the correlation between net reproductive rate and reproductive performance of ewe lambs.

Effect of birthweight and birth rank on the survival of single and twin lambs born to ewe lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Schreurs ◽  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
F. J. Mulvaney ◽  
P. C. H. Morel ◽  
D. M. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Birth Rank ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
High Range

Benefits of ewe lamb mating include improved lifetime production, increased rates of genetic gain and higher net profits. These benefits are only achieved if the ewe lamb successfully rears its offspring to weaning. A meta-analytic approach was used to assess the effects of birthweight and the interacting effect of birth rank on the survival to weaning of lambs born to ewe lambs. The data were from eight studies where birthweight and weight at weaning had been recorded for lambs born from ewe lambs. Data were for single- (n = 1392) or twin-born lambs (n = 456). The twin lambs were further classified as the ‘heavier’ or ‘lighter’ of the pair to give three birth rank categories. To compare the probability of dying before weaning between birth ranks, but with lambs compared at a similar birthweight, lambs were categorised by their birthweight as heavy (>3.8 kg) or light (<3.8 kg) and also categorised within their birth rank on their placement around the mean birthweight (birthweight deviation). A mid-range birthweight deviation fell between one standard deviation above or below the mean for each birth rank, whereas a low- and high-range birthweight fell below and above the mid-range, respectively. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of birth rank (single, heavier twin and lighter twin) and birthweight on lamb mortality up to weaning. To compare the probability of surviving up to weaning between the different birth ranks, relative risk ratios were calculated. Birth ranks were compared for lambs within the same birthweight group (heavy or light) and same birthweight deviation (low-, mid-, high-range). Decreasing birthweight increased mortality before weaning in twins and the change in mortality was greater for the lighter twin. Birthweight did not alter mortality before weaning in singles. Comparison of the birth ranks showed that there were differences (P < 0.05) in the probability of dying for lambs of different birth ranks but similar birthweight. The results suggest that management options for ewe lambs that increase the birthweight of the lighter twin could increase the weaning percentage.

scholarly journals Effect of Breeding Heavier Romney Ewe Lambs at Seven Months of Age on Lamb Production and Efficiency over Their First Three Breeding Seasons

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3486
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Haslin ◽  
Rene A. Corner-Thomas ◽  
Paul R. Kenyon ◽  
Emma J. Pettigrew ◽  
Rebecca E. Hickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Lifetime Performance ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Weight Number

This experiment examined the effect of breeding heavier ewe lambs on lamb production and their efficiency over their first three breeding seasons. Two groups of ewe lambs were bred at seven months of age at an average pre-breeding live weight of either 47.9 ± 0.36 kg (heavy; n = 135) or 44.9 ± 0.49 kg (control; n = 135). Ewe live weight, number of lambs born and weaned, and lamb live weight were recorded until 39 months of age, and efficiency was calculated for each ewe. Although the number and lamb weaning weight did not differ between treatments over three years, when data were pooled, heavier ewe lambs at breeding weaned a greater number of lambs over the three-year period. The total lamb weaning weight over the three-year period increased by 2% for each additional kilogram at ewe lamb breeding. Breeding heavier ewe lambs had no effect on efficiency. These results suggest that although breeding heavier ewe lambs had a positive effect on lamb production over the three-year period, it had no effect on efficiency. Before final recommendations can be made, lifetime performance and longevity to five years of age of heavier ewe lambs at breeding are required.

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

scholarly journals Constraints to Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Production and Farmers’ Approaches to Striga hermonthica Management in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8460
Author(s):  
Armel Rouamba ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Inoussa Drabo ◽  
Mark Laing ◽  
Prakash Gangashetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
South Central

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a staple food crop in Burkina Faso that is widely grown in the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian zones, characterised by poor soil conditions and erratic rainfall, and high temperatures. The objective of this study was to document farmers’ perceptions of the prevailing constraints affecting pearl millet production and related approaches to manage the parasitic weeds S. hermonthica. The study was conducted in the Sahel, Sudano-Sahelian zones in the North, North Central, West Central, Central Plateau, and South Central of Burkina Faso. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions involving 492 participant farmers. Recurrent drought, S. hermonthica infestation, shortage of labour, lack of fertilisers, lack of cash, and the use of low-yielding varieties were the main challenges hindering pearl millet production in the study areas. The majority of the respondents (40%) ranked S. hermonthica infestation as the primary constraint affecting pearl millet production. Respondent farmers reported yield losses of up to 80% due to S. hermonthica infestation. 61.4% of the respondents in the study areas had achieved a mean pearl millet yields of <1 t/ha. Poor access and the high cost of introduced seed, and a lack of farmers preferred traits in the existing introduced pearl millet varieties were the main reasons for their low adoption, as reported by 32% of respondents. S. hermonthica management options in pearl millet production fields included moisture conservation using terraces, manual hoeing, hand weeding, use of microplots locally referred to as ‘zaï’, crop rotation and mulching. These management techniques were ineffective because they do not suppress the below ground S. hermonthica seed, and they are difficult to implement. Integrated management practices employing breeding for S. hermonthica resistant varieties with the aforementioned control measures could offer a sustainable solution for S. hermonthica management and improved pearl millet productivity in Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Organic Farming and Cover-Crop Management Reduce Pest Predation in Austrian Vineyards

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Jo Marie Reiff ◽  
Sebastian Kolb ◽  
Martin H. Entling ◽  
Thomas Herndl ◽  
Stefan Möth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Natural Pest Control ◽  
Predation Rates

Habitat simplification and intensive use of pesticides are main drivers of global arthropod declines and are, thus, decreasing natural pest control. Organic farming, complex landscapes, and local vineyard management practices such as implementation of flower-rich cover-crop mixtures may be a promising approach to enhance predator abundance and, therefore, natural pest control. We examined the effect of organic versus integrated management, cover-crop diversity in the vineyard inter-rows, and landscape composition on the natural pest control of Lobesia botrana eggs and pupae. Predation of L. botrana pupae was reduced by organic farming and species-poor cover-crops by about 10%. Predation rates of L. botrana eggs did not differ significantly in any of the studied management options. Dominant predators were earwigs (Forficulidae), bush crickets (Tettigoniidae), and ants (Formicidae). Negative effects of organic viticulture are most likely related to the negative nontarget effects on arthropods related to the frequent sulfur and copper applications in combination with the avoidance of strongly damaging insecticides by integrated winegrowers. While a 10% difference in predation rates on a single pest stage is unlikely to have strong practical implications, our results show that the assumed effectiveness of environmentally friendly agriculture needs to be evaluated for specific crops and regions.

scholarly journals Agro-Economic Evaluation of Alternative Crop Management Options for Teff Production in Midland Agro-Ecology, Ethiopia

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Fekremariam Asargew Mihretie ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Enyew Adgo ◽  
Mitsuru Tsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Weed Population

Teff is an important crop for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Improved crop management practices are needed to increase teff productivity and decrease production costs. Here, we used a split–split plot design to evaluate the impacts of different tillage, sowing, and soil compaction practices, and their combinations, on agronomic performance, weed population, lodging, and cost in teff production at the Aba Gerima watershed in northwestern Ethiopia in 2018–2020. Reduced tillage (RT) improved soil moisture, resulting in increased agronomic performance and decreased production costs compared with conventional tillage (CT); however, the weed population was substantially larger with RT than with CT. Row planting (RP) reduced seed cost and lodging but increased sowing and weeding costs compared with broadcast planting (BP). Plant population and leaf area index were substantially greater with BP than with RP during early-stage growth, but this reversed during late-stage growth. Despite labor costs being significantly greater with (WC) compaction than without (NC), little to no differences were observed in the weed population or in agronomic performance. Partial cost–benefit analysis revealed that RT–RP–WC followed by RT–RP–NC was the most economical treatment combination, suggesting that RT–RP–NC could be a labor-effective means of increasing teff production by smallholder farms in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Givira ethela (Neumoegen and Dyar, 1893) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), A Previously Unidentified Pest on Vitis vinifera (L.)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Davide Scaccini ◽  
Enrico Ruzzier ◽  
Kent M. Daane
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Management Options

Grape cultivation is a billion-dollar agricultural sector in California, where invasive or novel pest species can disrupt management practices. We report herein on a new pest associated with California vineyards, the carpentermoth Givira ethela (Neumoegen and Dyar, 1893). Rather than an invasive species, G. ethela appears to be a newly recognized wood-boring pest of Vitis vinifera (L.) in regions of California’s Central Valley, where its initial occurrence has been dated back to, at least, the beginning of the 2000s. The habitus of adult, genitalia and pupa is illustrated. Givira ethela distribution in California is updated including published records and new data. Carpentermoth galleries seem to facilitate the access of Planococcus ficus Signoret, 1875 to vine sap and protection from natural enemies, environmental stresses, and pesticide treatments. Notes on pest status, life history, monitoring practices, natural enemies, and management options on grapes are also discussed. Tools for the Integrated Pest Management of G. ethela should include the correct identification of the insect and its damage, a full understanding of its biology and ecology, the application of monitoring methods, and the identification of economic thresholds and injury levels.

scholarly journals AUTUMN AND WINTER LAMBING STRATEGIES IN NORTHLAND

1986 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
W.G.K. Andrewes ◽  
A.O. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Mating Ability ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Progress in the development of autumn and winter lambing systems in Northland is described. Both involve split flock lambing in which 30 or 15% of ewes lamb in autumn or winter respectivelv, the remainder in spring. Using progesterone priming, a high ram to ewe ratio (10%) and ram management, 80.90% of ewes joined lamb over 2 cycles. Winter lambing using cull ewes is simple and does not require a breeding programme. Ewes and their lambs can be sent to the meat works from September. For low cost lamb production with present breeds, autumn lambing requires a breeding programme to develop spring mating ability. Heavyweight(18kg)carcasses can be produced early in the killing season. Autumn born replacement ewe lambs consistently averaged 40kg before their first summer. Both systems offer more flexibility in sheep production on farms and in processing and marketing. Keywords: Autumn lambing, winter lambing, split lambing, management options, extending killing season, heavyweight lambs production

scholarly journals Review of existing energy management standards and possibilities for its introduction in Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravka Jelic ◽  
Dusan Gordic ◽  
Milun Babic ◽  
Davor Koncalovic ◽  
Vanja Sustersic
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Current State

Until recent times, energy management practices primarily consisted in replacing inefficient equipment and then using any number of methods to estimate obtained savings. Experience shows that positive effects of energy efficient improvements were decreased over time. There have been significant efforts over the last decade to define appropriate standards and best practices and implement the consistent energy management system to increase and maintain the energy savings. The knowledge gained from thousands of energy efficient projects is driving a transition from traditional tactical practice (one-time "build and forget" projects) to energy management strategies proposed and endorsed by a number of international organizations. The current status of internationally developed energy management standards, including an analysis of their shared features and differences is presented in this paper. The purpose of the analysis is to describe the current state of ?best practices? for this emerging area of energy efficiency policymaking in order to study the possibility of implementation of energy management standards in Serbia and to estimate the effects and the potential for energy saving that would be made by its implementation.

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