scholarly journals FIFTY YEARS OF RYEGRASS RESEARCH IN NEW ZEALAND

1989 ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.F. Hunt ◽  
H.S. Easton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pastoral Farming ◽  
Management Effects

Ryegrasses have dominated seed mixtures since the inception of pastoral farming in New Zealand largely because perennial ryegrasses are easily established, and persistent under a wide range of climatic and management conditions. Annual ryegrasses have vigorous seedling growth and can provide valuable high quality feed during the cool seasons. These virtues make ryegrass easily thk most important grass in New Zealand agriculture. This review traces the history of ryegrass use and development form the early days of bush burn mixtures to the present day array of bred cultivars Areas of research covered in the review include: (1) The selection and breeding of cultivars (2) Management effects on density and persistence (3) Physiology (responses to light, temperature and mineral nutrition) (4) Ryegrass diseases (5) Ryegrass pests (6) The ryegrass endophyte (7) Ryegrass herbage quality The concluding section examines the role ryegrasses are to play in diverse modern agricultural systems, and hence the goals for breeders.

scholarly journals Phenomenological approach to childhood cataract treatment in New Zealand using semi-structured interviews: how might we improve provision of care

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e024869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M Hamm ◽  
Karla A Boluk ◽  
Joanna M Black ◽  
Shuan Dai ◽  
Benjamin Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individualised Care ◽  
Provision Of Care ◽  
Childhood Cataract

PurposeTo understand how we might improve the provision of medical care for children with cataracts.DesignA phenomenological design was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to capture rich descriptions of the phenomena. Our goal in the interview and the analysis was to understand the sources of distress associated with treatment for cataract and deprivation amblyopia which (1) could be addressed by the medical community and (2) related to treatment adherence.SettingInterviews were conducted by a non-clinician researcher in New Zealand (NZ) in a location chosen by informants. In NZ, the red reflex screening test is performed shortly after birth, and surgery to remove paediatric cataracts is publicly funded.ParticipantsFamilies of children who had a history of cataract in Auckland, NZ were posted an invitation to participate. Twenty families were interviewed.ResultsOur analysis illustrated that informants described a wide range of experiences, from declined cataract surgery to full adherence to medical advice including years of patching for more than 4 hours a day. Across these experiences, we identified three relevant themes; timing of diagnosis, communication between the parent and clinician, and parental social support networks.ConclusionThe medical community may be better placed to support families dealing with childhood cataract by improving detection of childhood cataract, building appropriate communication pathways and promoting social support, with an emphasis on empathetic, individualised care.

scholarly journals Immigrant Language Maintenance and Shift in the Gujarati, Dutch and Samoan Communities of Wellington

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mary Lucy Roberts
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immigrant Language

<p>This thesis makes a contribution to the study of language maintenance and shift among New Zealand ethnic minority communities; it explores reasons for different rates of shift and different outcomes in relation to language maintenance in different communities; and the results are related to wide-ranging issues of New Zealand language policy. Research was undertaken in three minority immigrant groups in Wellington. The Gujarati community in Wellington is a major part of the Indian community totalling approximately 6,000 people at the time of the research; the Samoan community consisted of approximately 16,000 people, and the Dutch of 3,000. 141 members of the Gujarati community responded to questionnaires and interviews about themselves and their children, providing information on patterns of reported language proficiency, language use and attitudes to language maintenance from a total of 327 people. 184 Dutch respondents replied to a postal questionnaire about their own and their children's language knowledge, language usage patterns and attitudes to language maintenance, providing data on 412 people. 93 Samoan respondents filled out questionnaires and responded to interviews about themselves and their 133 children. Thus Information on a total of 965 New Zealanders belonging to minority immigrant communities was obtained. The data collected on patterns of language maintenance and shift is examined in the light of a wide range of language policy issues. The history of language and identity politics, minority immigration in New Zealand, and the immigration histories of the three groups are examined in detail, and the history of language and policy formation in New Zealand, is outlined and evaluated. The research focuses on the process of immigrant language maintenance and shift in the family and immediate community, and also investigates the role of language maintenance education in these processes. Information about language use processes in childhood and adulthood is presented. The Graded Intergeneration Disruption Stages scale, proposed by Joshua Fishman is tested against the information gathered on the three communities and found to be a useful heuristic device. The results of the research show that while processes of language maintenance and shift occur in all three communities, these processes take very different forms in each community, move at different speeds and. to date, have had very different outcomes. The reasons for the differences between the communities in these respects are examined in some detail. Finally, on the basis of the evidence provided by the research, language policy proposals are presented supporting the provision of government services in minority immigrant languages and indicating the advantages of state support for language maintenance education.</p>

scholarly journals Immigrant Language Maintenance and Shift in the Gujarati, Dutch and Samoan Communities of Wellington

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mary Lucy Roberts
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immigrant Language

<p>This thesis makes a contribution to the study of language maintenance and shift among New Zealand ethnic minority communities; it explores reasons for different rates of shift and different outcomes in relation to language maintenance in different communities; and the results are related to wide-ranging issues of New Zealand language policy. Research was undertaken in three minority immigrant groups in Wellington. The Gujarati community in Wellington is a major part of the Indian community totalling approximately 6,000 people at the time of the research; the Samoan community consisted of approximately 16,000 people, and the Dutch of 3,000. 141 members of the Gujarati community responded to questionnaires and interviews about themselves and their children, providing information on patterns of reported language proficiency, language use and attitudes to language maintenance from a total of 327 people. 184 Dutch respondents replied to a postal questionnaire about their own and their children's language knowledge, language usage patterns and attitudes to language maintenance, providing data on 412 people. 93 Samoan respondents filled out questionnaires and responded to interviews about themselves and their 133 children. Thus Information on a total of 965 New Zealanders belonging to minority immigrant communities was obtained. The data collected on patterns of language maintenance and shift is examined in the light of a wide range of language policy issues. The history of language and identity politics, minority immigration in New Zealand, and the immigration histories of the three groups are examined in detail, and the history of language and policy formation in New Zealand, is outlined and evaluated. The research focuses on the process of immigrant language maintenance and shift in the family and immediate community, and also investigates the role of language maintenance education in these processes. Information about language use processes in childhood and adulthood is presented. The Graded Intergeneration Disruption Stages scale, proposed by Joshua Fishman is tested against the information gathered on the three communities and found to be a useful heuristic device. The results of the research show that while processes of language maintenance and shift occur in all three communities, these processes take very different forms in each community, move at different speeds and. to date, have had very different outcomes. The reasons for the differences between the communities in these respects are examined in some detail. Finally, on the basis of the evidence provided by the research, language policy proposals are presented supporting the provision of government services in minority immigrant languages and indicating the advantages of state support for language maintenance education.</p>

scholarly journals The future of pastoral farming in a changing climate

2009 ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pastoral Farming

Pastoral farming in New Zealand has always been a dynamic and uncertain business. Climatic conditions, market forces and the regulatory environment confronting pastoral farmers each have a long history of change, often rapidly and markedly. It is not surprising then that pastoral farmers are a resilient bunch. It is also not surprising that in respect of anthropogenic climate change some farmers are sceptical of what they see as another passing fashion in science, public policy and environmentalism - change to be weathered.

scholarly journals Telling the Truth about People's China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alistair Shaw
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>This work is a discussion of the history of the construction and propagation over time (1949- 2002), by New Zealanders, of positive images of the People's Republic of China (PRC). This was done primarily through the New Zealand China Friendship Society. The thesis also looks at China-aligned communist parties, students who went on New Zealand University Students'  Association study tours in the 1970s, and key interlocutors such as Rewi Alley. These other groups had cross-membership with the NZCFS but differing engagements with China. The images propagated by the New Zealanders altered over time in response to changes in the PRC, developments in New Zealand, and shifting characteristics amongst the people who were engaged in the practice of producing images of the PRC. The thesis looks at how these observers of the PRC, and the organisations which they are combined, are themselves created, and see themselves, in relation to their process of viewing the PRC. This idea of a shifting sense of China and the changing sense of self is explored using a range of ideas. These include ideology, subjectivity, concepts of truth and practices of truth-telling. The thesis is an attempt to provide a sympathetic reading of a wide range of material and trying to understand what the PRC has meant at different times, in different circumstances and to different people. Accounts of the PRC are examined contextually. This involves the re-reading of a range of texts that have 'written' the PRC for those New Zealanders who, in different circumstances, have themselves been sympathetic to projections of successes taking place in the PRC.</p>

scholarly journals Telling the Truth about People's China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alistair Shaw
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>This work is a discussion of the history of the construction and propagation over time (1949- 2002), by New Zealanders, of positive images of the People's Republic of China (PRC). This was done primarily through the New Zealand China Friendship Society. The thesis also looks at China-aligned communist parties, students who went on New Zealand University Students'  Association study tours in the 1970s, and key interlocutors such as Rewi Alley. These other groups had cross-membership with the NZCFS but differing engagements with China. The images propagated by the New Zealanders altered over time in response to changes in the PRC, developments in New Zealand, and shifting characteristics amongst the people who were engaged in the practice of producing images of the PRC. The thesis looks at how these observers of the PRC, and the organisations which they are combined, are themselves created, and see themselves, in relation to their process of viewing the PRC. This idea of a shifting sense of China and the changing sense of self is explored using a range of ideas. These include ideology, subjectivity, concepts of truth and practices of truth-telling. The thesis is an attempt to provide a sympathetic reading of a wide range of material and trying to understand what the PRC has meant at different times, in different circumstances and to different people. Accounts of the PRC are examined contextually. This involves the re-reading of a range of texts that have 'written' the PRC for those New Zealanders who, in different circumstances, have themselves been sympathetic to projections of successes taking place in the PRC.</p>

50 YEARS OF POWER FENCING

1988 ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
V. Jones
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
High Power ◽  
Farm Profitability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Control ◽  
Pastoral Farming

The history of high power fencing shows how this New Zealand idea contributed extensively to the profitability of pastoral farming by improving animal control, pasture utilisation and weed control. The development of electrified fencing is traced wth examples of incidents, starting in America in the thirties where it has improved only slightly, while in New Zealand development started in 1936 to become a world leader thanks to the Phillips (Ruakura) low impedance fence. Examples of its benefits are described by quoting farm profitability competition winners. Power fencing continues to become more sophisticated with items like voltage alarms, shock stops and tumblewheels. Keywords: power fencing, pasture improvement, weed control.

scholarly journals White clover performance in sown pastures: A biological/ecological perspective

2001 ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Brock ◽  
M.J.M. Hay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Pastoral Ecosystems

Recent advances in farming systems, have prompted a re-appraisal of the performance of white clover in New Zealand pastoral agriculture, in response to the question, is white clover delivering? Using recently developed insights into the processes by which our main pasture species, ryegrass and white clover, grow, this paper will briefly examine the establishment of white clover in mixed pastures and the ecological and biological premises of the two main functions of white clover in pastoral ecosystems, which are to 1), support the N economy of pastures via N fixation and 2), provide high quality livestock feed. The impacts of management decisions and environmental conditions are re-interpreted, in order to evaluate realistically (biologically) what our expectations should be. White clover is still able to deliver on function 1, but may not meet expectations in all cases on function 2. Keywords: ecology, environmental impacts, grazing management, herbage quality, light, mixed pastures, N economy, N fixation, plants, populations, ryegrass, white clover

scholarly journals Integrating Digital Technologies to Aid Grassland Productivity and Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Stevens ◽  
Bryan R. Thompson ◽  
Patricia Johnson ◽  
Brendon Welten ◽  
Esther Meenken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Signals ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Nutrient Deposition ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Operating Space ◽  
Grassland Productivity ◽  
Pastoral Farming

Digital technologies provide an opportunity to further increase the sustainability and productivity of grasslands and rangelands. Three resources are key to that change. These are the soil on which forage grows, the forages that grow on those soils and the animals that use the forage resource as food. This paper describes elements of technologies to measure and monitor these resources and provides some insights on combining that knowledge and controlling the animal's utilization through virtual fencing. There are many potential challenges to the application of digital technologies to pastoral farming. These often require the calibration of digital signals to define biophysical characteristics. The significant repository of historic data of pasture growth over many geo-climatic regions, for example, provides New Zealand with an opportunity to accelerate that development. Future advances in rangeland use, nutrient deposition, greenhouse gas emissions and the provision and utilization of high quality and quantity will be enabled by the application of digital technologies at scale, under the control of virtual fencing. Digital technologies may provide the means to maintain or enhance ruminant production from grassland in a sustainable operating space into the future.

scholarly journals A Report Card on the New Zealand Labour Market: Improving, Could do Better

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Grimmond
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Report Card ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Broad Definition ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the performance of the New Zealand labour market in recent years. In particular how has the performance during the current economic cycle (defined here as since 1996) compared with that in two earlier cycles (1984 to 1989 and 1989 to 1996)? I adopt a broad definition of labour market performance, one that is consistent with the Department of Labour's overarching objective to have New Zealanders enjoying high quality working lives in thriving and inclusive communities. In taking a wide focus, this paper goes for breadth ahead of depth. I provide observations along a wide range of indicators, but often cannot provide robust explanations for these observations. In these instances the main aim of the paper is to highlight areas where more in-depth research is warranted. From this broad but reasonably shallow analysis one gets a remarkably consistent theme: the performance of the New Zealand labour market has improved markedly during the 1990s but there is still scope for further improvements.

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