scholarly journals Forage responses to lime and nitrogen fertiliser on land converted from pine forest to dryland pasture in Canterbury

2007 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
L.M. Condron ◽  
D.J. Moot ◽  
A.J. Marshall ◽  
P.J. White ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Plantation Forestry ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Land Use Conversion ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
A Site ◽  
Crop Sequence ◽  
N Status

A field trial was established to quantify the impacts of lime (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 t/ha) and nitrogen (N) fertiliser (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg N/ha/year) addition on the dry matter (DM) production of a crop sequence of triticale followed by dryland pasture that was established on a site converted from long-established plantation forestry. Results are reported for the first 22 months. The application of lime up to 10 t/ha had no effect on triticale DM production. In the subsequent pasture, the percentage of clover increased from 15% without lime to 25-30% when 5-10 t/ha of lime was applied. Lime application only increased pasture DM production in the last 4 months. Annual pasture DM production increased significantly with increasing levels of N fertiliser application from 5.3 t DM/ha with no N applied to 7.5 t DM/ha at 400 kg N/ha. The observed response to N addition was mainly attributed to the low N status of the soil following conversion, which in turn was compounded by the ongoing decomposition of large quantities of mulched woody debris. Keywords: land-use conversion, plantation forestry, pasture, lime; nitrogen fertiliser

scholarly journals Pasture composition and production from different cropping sequences in dryland pasture converted from Pinus radiata forest

2007 ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
G.R. Edwards ◽  
D.J. Moot ◽  
A.J. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plantation Forestry ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Land Use Conversion ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Spring Sowing

Dry matter production and pasture composition were measured over 22 months in eight cropping sequences on a dryland site converted from forest to pasture. Cropping sequences involved different combinations of: (i) autumn and spring sowing; (ii) sowing immediately into pasture or into oat and triticale forage crops followed by pasture; and (iii) undersowing pasture beneath rape or conventional sowing. Keywords: land-use conversion, plantation forestry, pasture, clover, weeds

Effect of weeds and nitrogen fertiliser on yield and grain protein concentration of wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
RW Madin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Field trials at Beverley (19911, Salmon Gums (1991; 2 sites) and Merredin (1992; 2 sites), each with 5 rates of nitrogen (N) and 3 levels of weed control, were used to investigate the effect of weeds and N on wheat grain yield and protein concentration during 1991 and 1992. Weeds in the study were grasses (G) and broadleaf (BL). Weeds reduced both vegetative dry matter yield and grain yield of wheat at all sites except for dry matter at Merredin (BL). Nitrogen fertiliser increased wheat dry matter yield at all sites. Nitrogen increased wheat grain yield at Beverley and Merredin (BL), but decreased yield at both Salmon Gums sites in 1991. Nitrogen fertiliser increased grain protein concentration at all 5 sites-at all rates for 3 sites [Salmon Gums (G) and (BL) and Merredin (G)] and at rates of 69 kg N/ha or more at the other 2 sites [Beverley and Merredin (BL)]. However, the effect of weeds on grain protein varied across sites. At Merredin (G) protein concentration was higher where there was no weed control, possibly due to competition for soil moisture by the greater weed burden. At Salmon Gums (G), grain protein concentration was greater when weeds were controlled than in the presence of weeds, probably due to competition for N between crop and weeds. In the other 3 trials, there was no effect of weeds on grain protein. The effect of weeds on grain protein appears complex and depends on competition between crop and weeds for N and for water at the end of the season, and the interaction between the two.

scholarly journals Influence of Lime and Phosphorus Application Rates on Growth of Maize in an Acid Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Asbon Opala
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Available P ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The interactive effects of lime and phosphorus on maize growth in an acid soil were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. A completely randomized design with 12 treatments consisting of four lime levels, 0, 2, 10, and 20 t ha−1, in a factorial combination with three phosphorus rates, 0, 30, and 100 kg ha−1, was used. Maize was grown in pots for six weeks and its heights and dry matter yield were determined and soils were analyzed for available P and exchangeable acidity. Liming significantly reduced the exchangeable acidity in the soils. The effect of lime on available P was not significant but available P increased with increasing P rates. There was a significant effect of lime, P, and P by lime interactions on plant heights and dry matter. Without lime application, dry matter increased with increasing P rates but, with lime, dry mattes increased from 0 to 30 kg P ha−1but declined from 30 to 100 kg P ha−1. The highest dry matter yield (13.8 g pot−1) was obtained with a combined 2 t ha−1of lime with 30 kg P ha−1suggesting that lime application at low rates combined with moderate amounts of P would be appropriate in this soil.

Nitrogen fertiliser alleviates the disorder straighthead in Australian rice

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Dunn ◽  
G. D. Batten ◽  
T. S. Dunn ◽  
R. Subasinghe ◽  
R. L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
N Status

Straighthead is a ‘physiological’ disorder of rice, the symptoms being floret sterility, deformed florets and panicles and reduced grain yield. Straighthead in rice is difficult to investigate because of its unpredictable occurrence under field conditions. An experiment was conducted in south-eastern Australia in 1996 to investigate the effect of rate and timing of N fertilisation on growth and yield of rice. The presence of straighthead at this location gave a unique opportunity to study the influence of crop N status. This paper reports the influence of N application on straighthead symptoms during this experiment. A significant reduction of straighthead occurred with higher rates of N application. Application of 250 kg N/ha pre-flood, improved plant growth and vigour with subsequent increased uptake and accumulation of S, P, K, Mg, Cu, Mn and Zn in the plant at panicle initiation. The reduction of straighthead at high nitrogen rates may be due to improved uptake of several essential nutrients, and Cu may be a critical nutrient. This study and earlier observations have shown the application of optimal levels of pre-flood nitrogen to achieve grain yields greater than 10 t/ha may reduce straighthead severity in the Australian rice-growing environment. The results in this paper are not presented as recommendations to growers but a contribution to the currently limited literature on straighthead in Australia.

scholarly journals Nitrogen losses from grazed dairy pasture, as affected by nitrogen fertiliser application

1995 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
S.F. Ledgard ◽  
D.A. Clark ◽  
M.S. Sprosen ◽  
G.J. Brier ◽  
E.K.K. Nemaia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Inputs and losses of nitrogen (N) were determined in dairy farmlets receiving nominally 0, 200 or 400 kg N/ha/yr as urea at Dairying Research Corporation No. 2 dairy, Hamilton. In year 1, N, fixation by white clover was estimated by r5N dilution at 212, 165 and 74 kg N/ha/yr in the 0, 200 and 400 N treatments respectively. Removal of N in milk was 76, 89 and 92 kg N/ha in the 0, 200 and 400 N farmlets respectively. Loss of N into the air by denitrification was low (6-15 kg N/ha/yr), and increased with N application. Ammonia loss into the air was estimated by micrometeorological mass balance at 15, 45 and 63 kg Nlhalyr in the 0, 200 and 400 N treatments respectively. Most of the increase in ammonia loss was attributed to direct loss after fertiliser application. Leaching of nitrate was estimated using ceramic cup samplers at 1 m soil depth, in conjunction with lysimeters, to be 74, 101 and 204 kg NlhaJyr during the second winter when rainfall and drainage (55@-620 mm) were relatively high. Nitrate-N concentrations in leachates increased gradually over time in the 400 N treatment to an average of 37 mg/l during the second winter, whereas the corresponding values for the 0 and 200 N treatments were 12 and 18 mg/l. Preliminary measurements of groundwater suggest that :ihe nitrate-N concentration is increasing under the 400 N farmlet relative to the other two farmlets. Thus, the 400 N treatment had a major effect by greatly reducing N, fixation and increasing N losses, whereas the 200 N treatment had relatively little effect on N, fixation or on nitrate leaching. However, these results refer to the first 18 months of the trial and further measurements are required over time to determine the longer-term effects of these treatments, particularly on nitrate levels in groundwater. Keywords: ammonia loss, dairying, denitrification, groundwater, leaching, nitrogen fertiliser, N, fixation

A methodology for determining operational priorities for prevention and suppression of wildland fires

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rodríguez y Silva ◽  
Juan Ramón Molina Martínez ◽  
Armando González-Cabán
Keyword(s):  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Land Use Conversion ◽  
Management Personnel ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Difficulty Index ◽  
A Site ◽  
Risk Potential

Traditional uses of the forest (timber, forage) have been giving way to other uses more in demand (recreation, ecosystem services). An observable consequence of this process of forest land use conversion is an increase in more difficult and extreme wildfires. Wildland forest management and protection program budgets are limited, and managers are requesting help in finding ways to objectively assign their limited protection resources based on the intrinsic environmental characteristics of a site and the site’s interrelationship with available firefighting resources and existing infrastructure. A Fire Suppression Priority Index, integrating information on both the potential fire behaviour risk (Potential Fire Behaviour Index) and the fire suppression difficulty (Suppression Difficulty Index), provides managers with fundamental information for strategic planning and development of tactical operations to protect the natural environment. Results in the Córdoba Province, Andalusia’s autonomous region, Spain, showed a statistically significant relationship between wildfire size and all three indices, demonstrating the utility of the methodology to identify and prioritise forest areas for strategic and tactical fire management operations. In addition, the methodology was tested and validated by trained and qualified wildfire management personnel in Chile and Israel, obtaining similar results as in Spain.

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