scholarly journals Validation of perennial ryegrass cultivar Forage Value Index rankings using independent trial data

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
C.I. Ludemann ◽  
C.M. Wims ◽  
D.F. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Star Rating ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Forage Value

Abstract The current DairyNZ Forage Value Index (FVI) categorises ryegrass cultivar-endophyte combinations into five, 'star rating' groups for dry matter (DM) yield using data from the National Forage Variety Trial (NFVT) system. However, variability in performance of cultivars between trials raises the question of how cultivars with different star ratings perform against each other under different conditions. The validity of the FVI star rating categories for perennial ryegrass was assessed using cultivar DM yield data from two independent trials outside the NFVT system and under dairy cow grazing with white clover. Results from the trials were used in Monte Carlo simulations to provide a probabilistic determination of the likelihood of high FVI rated cultivars outperforming the low FVI rated cultivars. Results indicate selecting high FVI (5 star) perennial ryegrass cultivars over lower FVI (3 star) cultivars deliver greater contributions to dairy operating profit in over 94% of the simulated iterations for the Waikato and Canterbury. Keywords: Forage Value Index, Lolium perenne, plant breeding, selection, cultivars

scholarly journals The measurement of perennial ryegrass persistence

2018 ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B Dodd ◽  
David F Chapman ◽  
Cameron I Ludemann ◽  
Wendy Griffiths ◽  
Katherine N Tozer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Forage Value

Poor persistence in perennial ryegrass has been identified as a major limitation to pasture productivity, particularly in the upper North Island. Persistence can best be defined as the continuity of forage yield relative to a cultivar’s potential. Though there is limited evidence of differences in persistence between cultivars, there is interest in including persistence in the DairyNZ Forage Value Index. This requires an agronomically robust metric of persistence, measured over a suitable time frame and connected to economic value. Five candidates are evaluated: plant populations, tiller populations, basal cover, ground score and annual dry matter yield. Scarcity of long-term data is a major limitation to development of performance values for persistence, and must be addressed. The four abundance-based measures also lack a clear connection to economic values, from the limited data available. A persistence metric is proposed, that relates medium-term dry matter yield to short-term dry matter yield, for which perennial ryegrass functional type and cultivar differences are demonstrated.

Determination of herbage intake of suckling lambs using long-chain n-alkanes as markers

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
R.V. Hayes ◽  
C.S. Lamb ◽  
Patricia M. Colgrove
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Automatic Feeder ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Relative Absorption ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Long Chain

The n-alkanes of grass outioular wax (odd-chain, C25- C25) can be used simultaneously with dosed n-alkanes (C28or C32) as markers for estimating the herbage intake of grazing sheep if the faecal recoveries of both herbage and dosed markers are the same. In adult sheep the accuracy of herbage intake estimation is not affected by the inclusion of concentrate in the diet as long as the intake and alkane concentrations of the concentrate are known. If, similarly, the ingestion of milk does not interfere with the relative absorption of dosed and herbage alkanes the herbage intake of suckling lambs at pasture could be estimated. To evaluate the potential of the technique in suckling lambs the faecal recoveries of odd-chain herbage n-alkanes and of dosed dotriacontane (C32) were determined in lambs offered eves’ milk and freshly cut herbage.From 2 weeks of age seven individually-housed male lambs received 1 kg/day homogenised ewes’ milk (166 g/day dry matter (DM)) in 4 feeds from an automatic feeder. The milk Has obtained by daily hand-milking of East Friesland ewes and was stored at -20° until used. Freshly cut perennial ryegrass was offered to the lambs ad libitum from the age of 4 weeks. A 6-day total collection of faeces was carried out when the lamba were 10 weeks of age.

Combining seasonal yield, silage dry matter yield, quality and persistency in an economic index to assist perennial ryegrass variety selection

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O'DONOVAN ◽  
N. MCHUGH ◽  
M. MCEVOY ◽  
D. GROGAN ◽  
L. SHALLOO
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Yield Threshold

SUMMARYA total economic merit index (Pasture Profit Index, PPI) for perennial ryegrass variety selection was developed to rank perennial ryegrass varieties (Lolium perenneL.) based on their economic potential for grass-based ruminant production systems. The key traits of importance identified were: spring, mid-season (April 11–August 10) and autumn dry matter (DM) yield, first and second cut silage DM yield, grass quality April to July (inclusive) and sward persistency. Variety persistency was quantified by determining the ground score (GS) change across years, which was associated with a yield threshold which triggered sward replacement. Each one-unit decline in GS was associated with a 1683 kg loss in DM yield. Data generated in the Irish recommended list trials for value for cultivation and use were analysed to quantify the relative performance of each variety for each of the aforementioned traits. A previously developed methodology to generate economic values was used with updated price assumptions to develop economic values, which were applied to the analysed performance data of individual varieties. These data were used to estimate the total economic merit of each variety. Thirty-nine varieties were ranked on total economic merit with the highest performing variety (Cv111) generating €213 per ha/year compared withCv201, which was the lowest ranking variety generating −€31 per ha/year. Use of the PPI provides information to end users in relation to the economic merit of one variety over another, facilitating a more informed decision-making process at farm level.

scholarly journals Deterministic and stochastic modelling of impacts from genomic selection and phenomics on genetic gain for perennial ryegrass dry matter yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Z. Jahufer ◽  
Sai Krishna Arojju ◽  
Marty J. Faville ◽  
Kioumars Ghamkhar ◽  
Dongwen Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIncreasing the efficiency of current forage breeding programs through adoption of new technologies, such as genomic selection (GS) and phenomics (Ph), is challenging without proof of concept demonstrating cost effective genetic gain (∆G). This paper uses decision support software DeltaGen (tactical tool) and QU-GENE (strategic tool), to model and assess relative efficiency of five breeding methods. The effect on ∆G and cost ($) of integrating GS and Ph into an among half-sib (HS) family phenotypic selection breeding strategy was investigated. Deterministic and stochastic modelling were conducted using mock data sets of 200 and 1000 perennial ryegrass HS families using year-by-season-by-location dry matter (DM) yield data and in silico generated data, respectively. Results demonstrated short (deterministic)- and long-term (stochastic) impacts of breeding strategy and integration of key technologies, GS and Ph, on ∆G. These technologies offer substantial improvements in the rate of ∆G, and in some cases improved cost-efficiency. Applying 1% within HS family GS, predicted a 6.35 and 8.10% ∆G per cycle for DM yield from the 200 HS and 1000 HS, respectively. The application of GS in both among and within HS selection provided a significant boost to total annual ∆G, even at low GS accuracy rA of 0.12. Despite some reduction in ∆G, using Ph to assess seasonal DM yield clearly demonstrated its impact by reducing cost per percentage ∆G relative to standard DM cuts. Open-source software tools, DeltaGen and QuLinePlus/QU-GENE, offer ways to model the impact of breeding methodology and technology integration under a range of breeding scenarios.

scholarly journals Evaluation of LiDAR scanning for measurement of yield in perennial ryegrass

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. George ◽  
Brent A. Barrett ◽  
Kioumars Ghamkhar
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Real Time Estimation ◽  
Non Destructive

mproving pasture yields is a primary goal for plant breeders. However, measuring and selecting for yield is a major bottleneck in breeding, requiring methods that are laborious, destructive, and/or imprecise. A computerised scanner developed in Canterbury using LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology was evaluated in the Waikato on perennial ryegrass paired-row breeding plots. At eight timepoints, all plots were scanned prior to mechanical defoliation and recording of fresh weight (FW) and dry matter (DM) yield on a random subset of plots. Yield data on 1206 FW and 504 DM samples were compared with LiDAR scan results on a seasonal basis by regression. Winter, spring, summer and autumn correlation with FW were R2 = 0.81, 0.92, 0.94 and 0.90, respectively, and with DM yield R2 = 0.87, 0.73, 0.87 and 0.79, respectively. These results indicate LiDAR estimation of DM yield was accurate within seasons for the paired-row breeding plots, although it was sensitive to large changes in dry matter content (%) among seasons, which may require seasonal algorithms to correct for this variation if this technology is to be adopted. In conclusion, the scanner could be useful in removing a major bottleneck in perennial ryegrass breeding and may have application for agronomy and farm management in cases where precise non-destructive real-time estimation of DM yield are of value.

scholarly journals The effect of sewage sludge on the growth and species composition of the sward and the content of heavy metals in plants and urban soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Wołejko ◽  
Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz ◽  
Urszula Wydro ◽  
Tadeusz Łoboda ◽  
Andrzej Butarewicz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Grass Species

Abstract The effect of sewage sludge on the growth and species composition of the sward and the content of heavy metals in plants and urban soil. The determination of the sludge fertilising infl uence for the growth and composition of the urban grasslands’ swards and heavy metals concentration in above-ground parts of the plants was the aim of the study. The study was conducted on four research plots along the main roads in Białystok. The plots were seeded with two mixtures of lawn grasses (Eko and Roadside) and three doses of sludge were applied: 0 (control), 7.5 and 15 kg/m2. The study also included the determination of concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil and in the above-ground parts of lawn grasses and selected physical and chemical properties of soils fertilized with different doses of sludge. The dose of 7.5 kg/m2 increased the plant dry matter on average by 53%, the dose of 15 kg/m2 - on average by 90%. The largest effect of fertilization was found for lightest soil. Under these conditions, grass dry matter fertilized with 7.5 kg/m2 sludge was almost doubled, and fertilized with the dose of 15 kg/m2 was almost three times larger than in not fertilized areas. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was the dominant species in the sward. Perennial ryegrass constituted on average 71% of all grass species in the areas fertilized with sewage sludge in the dose of 7.5 kg/m2, while on the areas fertilized with 15 kg/m2 - about 81%, and on not fertilized ones - 50% on average. Bioconcentration factor in the study allowed for estimating the plants ability to collect heavy metals present in the soil. Based on these results, it was found that the rate of bioconcentration of Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb was the highest in August, which may indicate the ease of downloading these metals by plants, particularly high mobility of metals during this period, and lower in October and June

scholarly journals Scaling issues in the interpretation of dry matter yield differences among perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
David F. Chapman ◽  
Gerald P. Cosgrove ◽  
Barbara Kuhn-Sherlock ◽  
David R. Stevens ◽  
Julia M. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
The Difference

Perennial ryegrass breeding is estimated to be delivering rates of genetic gain in dry matter (DM) yield of 50–60 kg DM/ha per year of breeding effort. These estimates are based on DM yield data from tightly managed small-plot trials which are not necessarily representative of typical farm management. To assess the possible realised (on-farm) DMY gains from breeding, seasonal DMY data were collected contemporaneously at two ‘scales’ of evaluation for eight perennial ryegrass cultivars over a total of 14 seasons (comprising 5 ‘seasons’ in each of three years excluding the first winter) in each of four regions. The scales were denoted ‘small plot’ (SP, 10 m2, perennial ryegrass monocultures only) and ‘large plot’ (LP, 65–90 m2, subject to more intensive dairy cattle grazing and including all combinations of two nitrogen fertiliser rates with or without white clover as treatments). Relationships between DMY measured in SP versus LP were statistically significant (P<0.001) for all combinations of region, N fertiliser level and clover presence/absence, indicating good general agreement in cultivar performance trends. However, the slope of the relationship (range 0.492 to 1.171, mean 0.733) was significantly less than 1 in three-quarters of the region by treatment combinations. The slope was closely and inversely related to the size of the difference in total N supply between and SP (N from fertiliser only) and LP (where N was supplied as fertiliser at a lower rate but included biological fixation): the smaller the difference in N supply between the two ‘scales’, the greater the slope. Estimated realised DMY differences between cultivar ranking positions on New Zealand dairy farms under future projected N fertiliser rates were in the range 0.7–0.8 of those predicted from the SP scale of evaluation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of semi-hybrid perennial ryegrass populations

2010 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Barrett ◽  
M.A. Turner ◽  
T.B. Lyons ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
H.S. Easton
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
The Mean

The yield potential of modern forage cultivars is a limit to production from pasture- based agriculture, and may influence profitability. Hybrid vigour has increased yield in a range of plant species, but is only partially captured in conventional forage breeding systems. The objective of this research was to assess the potential for harnessing hybrid vigour in a semi-hybrid breeding system for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Paired crosses among eight parental sources, including four cultivars and four ecotypes, were used to create 28 semi-hybrid populations. Parents, semi-hybrids and check cultivars were trialled in pure grass plots under rotational grazing for 2 years in the Manawatu. Dry matter yield data were used to estimate cumulative and seasonal patterns of hybrid vigour expression for cultivar x cultivar semi-hybrid combinations. The mean level of high parent heterosis was less than 2%. However, one combination exhibited significant (p

New cultivar of red clover Prima

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
R. I. Polyudina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
The State ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Early Ripening

The results of breeding work on creation of the new cultivar of red clover are presented. The hybrid population (15-10-D (2n)) was created by the method of crossbreeding and selection in the conditions of artifi cial climate. Selection of winterhardy high-yielding forms of this hybrid population was conducted in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia. The population 15-10-D (2n) was tested in three cycles of competitive variety trial (crops of 2006, 2008 and 2010) and was submitted to the State variety testing under the name Prima. According to the results of the competitive variety trial during 2007–2013, the new early-ripening diploid cultivar Prima showed high winter hardiness of 97.0-99.0%. The duration of the growing season is 115 days (on the level of standard early-ripening tetraploid cultivar Meteor). The yield of green mass in two cuts is 19.6-58.7 t/ha, the yield of dry matter is 4.2-13.5 t/ha, the yield of seeds is 276-392 kg/ ha. The average yield of green mass in two cuts of the new cultivar is 38.8 t/ha, the average yield of dry matter is 8.7 t/ha, the average yield of seeds is 317 kg/ha, which exceeds standard cultivar Meteor by 52%. The seed content of Prima cultivar is 52%, Meteor – 38%. The crude protein content in dry matter is 16.1%, the fi ber content is 26.0%. Prima cultivar has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation to be grown in the West Siberian region since 2019. The copyright certifi cate and patent for the breeding achievement were received.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document