scholarly journals Lucerne for high quality summer feed in North Island hill country

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
A.W. Mcgowan ◽  
G.W. Sheath ◽  
R.W. Webby
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Summer Growth

It is common to have a shortage of high quality summer feed on hill country farms in New Zealand, due to a deterioration of pasture growth during the drier months. Lucerne produces high quality feed during summer on lowland fields; however, its potential in hill country is unknown. This study measured the persistence of lucerne and evaluated its seasonal production relative to pasture. These results were then modelled for a typical sheep and beef farm to assess the potential benefits of including lucerne on the farm. Monthly growth rates of lucerne (six cultivars) and pasture were measured pregrazing, and lucerne viability was assessed at the end of the five-year study. Lucerne was successfully established and maintained on hill country for five years. On average, the total annual production of lucerne and pasture were similar, with only the highest yielding cultivar 'Rere' consistently outproducing pasture on an annual basis. Lower spring production of lucerne was compensated for by higher summer growth rates of 62 kg DM/ha/day, compared with 34 kg DM/ha/day for pasture. The extra summer feed from lucerne enabled a model farm that included 12.5% lucerne to carry more animals and produce lambs of heavier slaughter weight than on a pasture only basis. This gave a predicted increase in the gross margin of 3%. The impact of lucerne on other farms must be modelled individually to establish the best system to utilise the additional high quality summer feed. Key words: lucerne, modelling, quality summer feed

scholarly journals The February 2004 Landslide Event in Geomorphic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kim C Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
News Media ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Landslide Event ◽  
The Impact

<p>In February 2004 a severe storm impacted the lower half of the North Island, New Zealand. Intense rainfall during the storm triggered extensive landsliding throughout the Tertiary hill country of Wanganui, Manawatu, and Wairarapa. The storm event also produced floods estimated to have a return period of 100 years. Flooding impacted on many communities, destroying homes, drowning livestock, and ruining crops. Because the effects of flooding were more immediate, and affected a greater number of people, landsliding damage received little coverage in the news media. However, the importance of these large rainfall-triggered, multiple landslide events that occur periodically in New Zealand should not be underestimated. New Zealand is losing valuable hillslope soil through erosion processes at a rate far in excess of the development of new soil. Landsliding is the most obvious and active hillslope erosion process operating in the hill country of New Zealand today. This study examines the impact of the February 2004 landslide event from a geomorphic perspective, addressing questions such as: what changes to landforms were produced by this event, and, how much geomorphic work (volume of material, moved a given distance in a given time) was done by landsliding during the event. The proposition underlying this study is that it is not just the magnitude of the triggering event that determines the geomorphic response in terms of landform change and work done, but also that the nature of the terrain influences the magnitude (e.g. landslide densities, volumes, areal extent) of the landsliding produced. In order to test this hypothesis the study was undertaken in two parts. The first, a catchment-based study using mostly field methods to produce a sediment budget and landform change measurement. Secondly, a regional analysis of four areas which experienced the most severe landslide damage were analysed in terms of terrain and landslide characteristics. From the methodologies employed in these studies it is demonstrated that terrain characteristics are highly influential in determining the type and severity of landsliding. To determine the geomorphic significance of the event in terms of the history of similar New Zealand landslide events, a frequency-magnitude analysis comparison was conducted, and the results compared with studies of previous rainfall-triggered, multiple landslide events. The results of the catchment-based study, the regional study, and the frequencymagnitude analysis show that the February 2004 event is likely to be the most geomorphically significant event of its type (rainfall-triggered) to have occurred in New Zealand over the past 100 years. The area affected (16,000 [square kilometer]) and number of landslides produced (~70,000) are greater than previously documented events. Landslide densities are also amongst the highest recorded in New Zealand. Although the majority of landslides were shallow regolith failures, large scars from deep-seated, rotational landslides will be visible in the landscape for hundreds of years. Material eroded from hillslopes during the event is estimated (conservatively) to be in excess of 20 million tonnes. While the majority of this eroded material remains within the hillslope system (depositional slopes and fans), a considerable proportion (an average of 25 % in the study catchment) is transferred to fluvial systems via fluvial coupling and removed from hillslopes permanently.</p>

Simulating Beef Cattle Herd Productivity with Varying Cow Liveweight and Fixed Feed Supply

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Lydia J. Farrell ◽  
Stephen T. Morris ◽  
Paul R. Kenyon ◽  
Peter R. Tozer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Beef Herd ◽  
Efficiency Data

The liveweight of New Zealand beef cows has increased in recent decades due to selection for higher growth rates. Published data suggest that the efficiency of beef cow production decreases with increasing cow liveweight. Changes in beef herd size, feed demand, production, and cash operating surplus (COS) were simulated with average mature cow liveweight varied to 450, 500, 550, and 600 kg. With total annual beef feed demand fixed at the same level, in all scenarios cow numbers and numbers of weaned calves decreased with increasing cow liveweight. When the model was run with consistent efficiency of calf production across the mature cow liveweights (scenario A), heavier cows were more profitable. However, using published efficiency data (scenarios B and C), herds of heavier cows were less profitable. The likely most realistic scenario for New Zealand hill country farms (scenario B) had COS decrease from New Zealand Dollars (NZD) 456/ha with a herd of 450 kg cows to NZD 424/ha with 600 kg cows. Reductions in COS were relatively small, which may not deter farmers from breeding heavier cows for higher calf growth rates. However, the results of this analysis combined with indirect potential economic impacts suggest that the heaviest cows may not be optimal for New Zealand hill country conditions.

scholarly journals Long term pasture growth patterns for Southland New Zealand: 1978 to 2012

2012 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
L.C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Summer Peak

Pasture growth rates for Southland were reported by several researchers in the late 1970s and early 1980s. However, pasture species and farm management systems have changed somewhat since then. This paper presents data from measurements at Woodlands, near Invercargill, that have been ongoing since 1977, and discusses some of the variability that has occurred over the years. Measurement of pasture growth was done using a standardised cutting method known as "rate of growth" or moving cages, with measurements every 3 weeks. Annual yields were calculated from 1 June to 31 May of the next year. The pasture growth at Woodlands is characterised by a spring-summer peak of growth followed by a deep winter trough where growth is minimal. Long-term average annual growth was 11.8 t DM/ha for older 'Ruanui' based pasture and 12.7 t DM/ ha for newer 'Nui'/'Supreme'/'Greenstone' ryegrass based pasture. However the newer pasture produced considerably more (ca.14.2 t DM/ha/year) for an initial period of 3 years, after which time the production dropped back to be similar to the old pasture (ca.12.0 t DM/ha/year). Key words. pasture growth; long-term; annual variability

scholarly journals The February 2004 Landslide Event in Geomorphic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kim C Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
News Media ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Landslide Event ◽  
The Impact

<p>In February 2004 a severe storm impacted the lower half of the North Island, New Zealand. Intense rainfall during the storm triggered extensive landsliding throughout the Tertiary hill country of Wanganui, Manawatu, and Wairarapa. The storm event also produced floods estimated to have a return period of 100 years. Flooding impacted on many communities, destroying homes, drowning livestock, and ruining crops. Because the effects of flooding were more immediate, and affected a greater number of people, landsliding damage received little coverage in the news media. However, the importance of these large rainfall-triggered, multiple landslide events that occur periodically in New Zealand should not be underestimated. New Zealand is losing valuable hillslope soil through erosion processes at a rate far in excess of the development of new soil. Landsliding is the most obvious and active hillslope erosion process operating in the hill country of New Zealand today. This study examines the impact of the February 2004 landslide event from a geomorphic perspective, addressing questions such as: what changes to landforms were produced by this event, and, how much geomorphic work (volume of material, moved a given distance in a given time) was done by landsliding during the event. The proposition underlying this study is that it is not just the magnitude of the triggering event that determines the geomorphic response in terms of landform change and work done, but also that the nature of the terrain influences the magnitude (e.g. landslide densities, volumes, areal extent) of the landsliding produced. In order to test this hypothesis the study was undertaken in two parts. The first, a catchment-based study using mostly field methods to produce a sediment budget and landform change measurement. Secondly, a regional analysis of four areas which experienced the most severe landslide damage were analysed in terms of terrain and landslide characteristics. From the methodologies employed in these studies it is demonstrated that terrain characteristics are highly influential in determining the type and severity of landsliding. To determine the geomorphic significance of the event in terms of the history of similar New Zealand landslide events, a frequency-magnitude analysis comparison was conducted, and the results compared with studies of previous rainfall-triggered, multiple landslide events. The results of the catchment-based study, the regional study, and the frequencymagnitude analysis show that the February 2004 event is likely to be the most geomorphically significant event of its type (rainfall-triggered) to have occurred in New Zealand over the past 100 years. The area affected (16,000 [square kilometer]) and number of landslides produced (~70,000) are greater than previously documented events. Landslide densities are also amongst the highest recorded in New Zealand. Although the majority of landslides were shallow regolith failures, large scars from deep-seated, rotational landslides will be visible in the landscape for hundreds of years. Material eroded from hillslopes during the event is estimated (conservatively) to be in excess of 20 million tonnes. While the majority of this eroded material remains within the hillslope system (depositional slopes and fans), a considerable proportion (an average of 25 % in the study catchment) is transferred to fluvial systems via fluvial coupling and removed from hillslopes permanently.</p>

The potential benefits of ensiling the forage legume sulla compared with pasture

1998 ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Niezen ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
T.B. Lyons ◽  
D.C. Corson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Hedysarum Coronarium ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

With high dry matter yields of high quality forage, high soluble carbohydrate levels and a suitability for harvest by cutting and removing, the forage legume sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) has the potential to be an important silage crop in New Zealand. In three experiments the ensiling potential of sulla was compared with conventional pasture using a mini-silo system which allows for rapid evaluation of forages using 3-4 kg of herbage. Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of increasing the proportion of sulla in pasture silage (0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25 and 100/0 sulla/pasture). The principal findings were that increasing sulla content of the silage decreased (P

scholarly journals The care of older adults with extreme obesity in nursing homes: A collective case study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caz Hales ◽  
Isaac Amankwaa ◽  
Lesley Gray ◽  
Helen Rook
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Extreme Obesity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the preparedness of nursing homes to deliver high quality, safe and equitable bariatric care for older adults with extreme obesity.Design and methodsA collective case study approach was used. Data collection included observational and interview data from three nursing homes, and a review of 224,200 resident admissions over a 3-year period in New Zealand.ParticipantsTwenty eight health care workers from three nursing homes in the North Island of New Zealand.ResultsDespite a willingness by healthcare staff to care for older adults with extreme obesity, nursing homes were not well equipped to provide safe equitable care for this resident population. Key areas of concern for nursing homes related to limitations in the infrastructure, and financial barriers relating to government funded contracted care services which incorporated equipment procurement and safe staffing ratios.ConclusionNursing homes are unprepared to accommodate the existing and increasing number of older adults with extreme obesity who will require bariatric specific care. Government agencies and policy makers will need to consider the financial implications of the increasing need for bariatric level support within aged care, as well as the impact on individual nursing home resources and quality of care provided. Considerable sector and government attention is needed in relation to infrastructure and funding, to allow for the provision of high quality, safe and equitable care for this population group.

Standards Certifications and Exports Performance

2016 ◽  
pp. 382-401
Author(s):  
Cristina Robledo-Ardila ◽  
Sara Aguilar-Barrientos ◽  
Kelly Gonzalez-Tapias ◽  
Ana María Gomez-Trujillo ◽  
Camila Uribe-Villa
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The integration of the world economy and the internationalization of companies have resulted in consumers' demand for high quality goods. Standards have emerged as a way of reducing the information asymmetries that consumers face when purchasing a product, and have gained importance in the processed food industry as they allow them to assess the quality of goods and may influence the export performance of certified firms (An & Maskus, 2009). Certifications may act as promoters of international trade, but they can also constitute a barrier when the costs associated with the certification process exceed the potential benefits (Jarasueiya et al., 2006). The present study aims to compare the export performance of certified vs. non-certified firms in the Colombian processed food industry. A Mann-Whitney Test was used to analyze the difference of exports value for the selected companies, and then, non-structured interviews to the quality managers of these companies were conducted to gain greater understanding about the impact of standards certifications on their export performance.

scholarly journals REQUIRED MATERIALS FOR EXPERTISE IN CASE OF RUNOVER ROLLING STOCK ON AN OBSTACLE

2019 ◽  
pp. 615-621
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Freight Train ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Impact

One of the tasks that are being solved during the forensic railway transport expertise is to investigate the actions and circumstances of a railway accident. After analyzing the state of traffic safety in the structure of Ukrzaliznytsia OJSC, the author found that in recent years the number of runover incidents of rolling stock on pedestrians and motor vehicles has increased significantly. This is primarily due to the non-observance of the “Rules of Conduct of Citizens in Railway Transport”. It was noted that when performing such railway transport expertise, the expert receives an incomplete amount of necessary information, which may be the result of incomplete research or the impossibility of giving an opinion on this railway accident. First of all, this is due to the fact that employees of the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs when they are at the scene of a railroad accident have no special knowledge and cannot select the necessary information for the qualitative expertise. And so, after conducting research, the author came to the conclusion that for a full and high-quality railway transport expertise in the event of rolling stock hitting an obstacle (vehicle or person), the expert needs to have the following list of documents and relevant data, namely: original speedometer module KKD-3 memory, registration tape CLUB-U; certificate on the provision of the train with VU-45 brakes; information on the type of track on which the railway accident occurred (link or continuous), the longitudinal profile and the plan of the section of the route on which the railway accident occurred; full-scale sheet form DU-1 for a freight train, and DU-1L – for the passenger; information on the permissible speed of movement in the area of the railway accident; warning on the train form DU-61; graphic reproduction of a clear situation of a railway accident with an indication of a specific stopping point of the train’s head, the location of the obstacle with reference to the picket column. So, having received the necessary information in accordance with the list that is specified in this article, the expert can objectively and reliably assess the impact of the actions of each of the participants in this incident on the implementation of the mechanism of the railway accident as a whole. Key words: forensic railway-transport expertise, rolling stock, runway, locomotive, track, obstacle.

scholarly journals Management of summer feed deficits on three high-performing dairy farms in the Manawatu

1995 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
D.I. Gray ◽  
J.C. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Farmer Knowledge ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

New Zealand dairy farmers rely on pasture grazed in situ to feed their herds. Summer is the most difficult period to manage because pasture production is usually highly variable and, in most years, less than herd requirements. Dairy farmers can use a range of options (e.g., summer forage crops, silage) to minimise the impact of both variable and inadequate summer feed supply. Much has been written about recommended procedures for planning and monitoring pasture-based systems, but there is little documentation on the processes actually used by New Zealand dairy farmers. To this end the summer management processes of three high-performing Manawatu seasonal supply dairy farmers were studied over 4 years. The farmers used management systems based on their experience. A range of simple techniques was used to identify potential feed deficits. The farmers then used a set of decision rules to select the best option or combination of options to overcome feed deficits. The study highlighted the potential benefits that could accrue from integrating farmer knowledge with scientific knowledge. Keywords: dairy farmers, decision-making, farmer knowledge, monitoring, summer management

scholarly journals The Impact of Hogget and Mature Flock Reproductive Success on Sheep Farm Productivity

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia J. Farrell ◽  
Paul R. Kenyon ◽  
Stephen T. Morris ◽  
Peter R. Tozer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operating Surplus

Breeding hoggets (ewe lambs aged four to 16 months) at 8 to 9 months of age has a number of potential benefits, including increased lamb production and profitability. However, the majority of hoggets in New Zealand are not bred due to producer concerns regarding their variable reproductive success and increased feed demand. Simulation modelling was used to quantify effects of hogget breeding on sheep numbers, lamb production, sheep feed demand, and sheep enterprise cash operating surplus (COS) compared with a flock not breeding hoggets. Hogget weaning rate (HWR) was modelled at 0%, 60%, 80%, and 100% and combined with mature ewe flock weaning rates (FWR) of 132% and 150%, while maintaining total annual sheep feed demand. For each FWR, increased HWR reduced total sheep numbers, increased the proportion of sheep feed demand for lamb production, increased total numbers of lambs weaned, and increased COS. Therefore, achieving even a relatively low HWR of 60% can improve sheep enterprise profitability for a given FWR. However, COS was lower with FWR = 132% and HWR = 100% than with FWR = 150% and HWR = 0%. The results indicate farmers who do not currently breed their hoggets may wish to improve their FWR before considering HWRs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document