scholarly journals Emerging Drugs in Dermatology

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Janet Nzisa
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
European Academy ◽  
Wide Range

The ANNUAL European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Virtual Congress 2021 featured the latest updates on emerging drugs in dermatology. Presentations covered a wide range of topics such as immunotherapy versus targeted therapy in melanoma, targeting cytokine pathways in psoriasis, emerging biologics, and the promise of personalised medicine in dermatology.

Cell Block in Cytological Diagnostics: Review of Preparatory Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Krogerus ◽  
Ivana Kholová
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
The Future ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Agar Method ◽  
Cytological Diagnostics

Objective: The cell block (CB) technique refers to the processing of sediments, blood clots, or grossly visible tissue fragments from cytological specimens into paraffin blocks that can be cut and stained by the same methods used for histopathology. The technique brings additional tissue architectural information. CB can be used for ancillary techniques such as immunocytochemistry and molecular techniques. Study Design: We reviewed the literature on the various preparatory techniques of CBs. Results: There is a wide range of preparatory techniques for CBs and no golden standard for CBs exists: tens of methods are used in various institutions. The majority of the methods are modified in house techniques with a few commercially available kits. The techniques most commonly used are the plasma/thrombin method, the agar method, and commercially available Histogel- and Cellient CB-methods. Dissatisfaction with the cellular yield of the CBs is common. Conclusions: In the CBs, the cytological material is preserved for future use, which is a tremendous advantage in the era of targeted therapy and biobanking. The CB is thus central to the future of cytology: more can be done with less material and with less invasiveness to the patient.

Activity and tolerability of SL-401, a targeted therapy directed to the interleukin-3 receptor on cancer stem cells and tumor bulk, as a single agent in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7029-7029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Frankel ◽  
Marina Konopleva ◽  
Donna Hogge ◽  
David Rizzieri ◽  
Christopher Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Interleukin 3 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Refractory Aml

7029^ Background: SL-401 is a novel biologic targeted therapy directed to the interleukin-3 receptor (IL-3R). IL-3R is overexpressed on cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor bulk relative to normal hematopoietic cells in a wide range of hematologic malignancies including AML and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). Since SL-401 targets both leukemia blasts and CSCs, tumor regression and improvement in long-term outcome is expected. The clinical activity and side effect profile of SL-401 were evaluated in a multicenter Phase I/II trial of patients with advanced hematologic cancers. Methods: Eighty-one patients with advanced hematologic cancers, including relapsed or refractory AML (n = 59) and heavily pretreated BPDCN (n = 4), have been enrolled. Patients received a single cycle of SL-401 via 15-minute IV infusion to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and assess antitumor activity. Results: A single cycle of SL-401 demonstrated single agent activity in relapsed or refractory AML patients, including 2 durable CRs of 8 and 25+ months duration and multiple cases of blast reductions. SL-401, when delivered at therapeutically relevant doses, was associated with > 3-fold greater median overall survival (OS) in AML patients who received 2+ prior lines of treatment relative to historical results. In addition, 3 heavily pre-treated patients with BPDCN, an uncommon malignancy that expresses high levels of IL-3R and is ultrasensitive to SL-401 (IC50 values in the femtomolar [10-15 M] range), had CRs, with durations of 5, 3+ and 1+ months. The MTD was 16.6 µg/kg/day; the dose-limiting toxicities of hypoalbuminemia and edema, which are manifestations of capillary leak, occurred at 22.1 µg/kg/day. Other ≥ Grade 3 adverse events included transient transaminase elevations. There was no treatment-related myelosuppression. Conclusions: SL-401 was well tolerated and demonstrated single agent activity in patients with relapsed or refractory AML and BPDCN. Based on these findings, single agent SL-401 given in multiple cycles will be advanced into pivotal studies of AML (3rd-line) and BPDCN. Clinical trial information: NCT00397579.

U.S. regional practice patterns in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients: A real-world retrospective analysis.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 505-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanta Kumar Pal ◽  
Magdaliz Gorritz ◽  
Steven A. Sherman ◽  
Zhimei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Treatment Patterns ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Sequence ◽  
Treatment Sequences

505 Background: The treatment landscape for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has changed in recent years, with several targeted therapies becoming available for 1st and 2nd line use. The rapidly evolving treatment landscape has left physicians with an abundance of choices for the treatment of mRCC patients. This study aimed to understand whether this has resulted in varying treatment patterns across US regions in 1st and 2nd line targeted therapy for mRCC. Methods: RCC patients who initiated 1st line targeted therapy with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFr) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor between January 1, 2004 and June 30, 2011 were identified in the MarketScan database. First-line therapy was defined as the first claim in the database for a targeted therapy. One drug claim was sufficient to establish a line of therapy and a new line was defined as switching to another agent. Treatment patterns in the 1st and 2nd line settings were assessed in patients who initiated 2ndtherapy line after FDA approval of everolimus (Ev) (March 30, 2009) and stratified by geographic region. Results: Of the 6,524 patients included in the study, 1,298 (36%) received a 2nd line targeted therapy after March 30, 2009. Although all possible permutations of treatment sequences were observed, overall, sunitinib (Su) and temsirolimus (Te) combined made up 80% to 83% of the 1st line regimens across regions. The most common sequence was Su->Ev, observed in 18% of patients in the North Central US to 31% in the Northeast; Su->Te was the next most common sequence in all regions. Among patients who received 1st line temsirolimus, the majority initiated 2ndline on either bevacizumab (Be) (7%-12%) or Su (6%-10%) across regions. Conclusions: The most common treatment sequences across all regions were Su->Ev and Su->Te. Although a consistent pattern of sequential therapy emerged across regions, a wide range of on- and off-label strategies was observed outside of the predominant pattern of care. Furthermore, very few patients in this study received additional targeted therapy after 1st line. Further research is needed to identify factors influencing these treatment strategies.

scholarly journals THE RELEVANCE OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW DOSAGE FORMS OF HOPANTENIC ACID// Academy Journal No.4(16), 2019/ Chief Editor Susan Belih /OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Tallinn, Estonia. 09.04.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - pp. 35-40.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Olegovna Bakhrushina ◽  
Anna Andreevna Moiseeva ◽  
Anurova Maria Nikolaevna ◽  
Ivan Ivanovich Krasnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
European Academy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dispersible Tablets

Hopantenic acid is a nootropic with a wide range of pharmacological activity. It is used in pediatric and geriatric practice. Dosage forms which are available on the market do not always satisfy the needs of the target audience. This article includes an analysis of dosage forms of hopantenic acid. The study showed that the most relevant forms for development are dispersible tablets, oral gel and oral thin films.

Analysis of the teaching of genetics for junior students of Sechenov university

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
С.М. Кузин ◽  
Н.В. Чебышев ◽  
Д.В. Богомолов ◽  
И.А. Беречикидзе ◽  
Т.В. Сахарова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Junior Students

Развитие генетики оказывает все большее влияние на современную медицину. На основе достижений в области структурной, функциональной геномики и эпигенетики сформировались новые наиболее перспективные направления - таргетная терапия, персонализированная и регенеративная медицина. Появились принципиально новые возможности для диагностики, прогнозирования, профилактики и лечения широкого спектра заболеваний. Все возрастающая роль генетики предъявляет принципиально иные требования к ее преподаванию в медицинских ВУЗах с использованием новых педагогических методик. Простого увеличения количества часов в рамках предмета «Биология» уже недостаточно для подготовки специалистов, чья профессиональная деятельность напрямую связана с генетикой: онкологов, вирусологов, иммунологов и многих других. The development of genetics has an increasing influence on modern medicine. Based on the achievements in the field of structural, functional genomics and epigenetics, new most promising directions have been formed - targeted therapy, personalized and regenerative medicine. There are fundamentally new opportunities for the diagnosis, prediction, prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. The increasing role of genetics imposes fundamentally different requirements for its teaching in medical Schools using new pedagogical methods. Simply increasing the number of academic hours in the subject “Biology” is no longer enough to train specialists whose professional activities are directly related to genetics: oncologists, virologists, immunologists, and many others.

Personalised therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Greenhalf ◽  
Eithne Costello ◽  
Paula Ghaneh ◽  
Thomas Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Dividing Cells

<p>Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the lowest 5-year survival rates of all cancers. Early metastatic spread and failure of standard chemotherapeutics both contribute to this statistic. Over the last decade many other cancer types have benefited from the targeted therapy revolution in which signalling networks found to be altered in cancer cells are specifically targeted. Despite an ever-growing understanding of the mutation profiles in PDAC, the vast majority of these approaches have failed for this form of malignancy. Chemotherapy, which simply targets dividing cells, remains the most effective available treatment option alongside surgery.  Although targeting a broad range of tyrosine kinase receptors with erlotinib has been shown to offer a modest improvement in the 5-year survival when combined with the pyrimidine-based chemotherapeutic gemcitabine; this suggests that targeted approaches may be of benefit in at least some patients.  PDAC is characterised by a long genomic tail of potentially actionable mutations but each appearing in only a small number of patients, making it difficult to show a survival benefit of a targeted therapy in an unselected group of patients. Identifying specific subpopulations based on molecular characterisation of the tumour is particularly difficult in PDAC because of problems in biospecimen acquisition; only a small proportion of patients undergo surgery and the organ is difficult to biopsy due to its location. Furthermore, PDAC is characterised by cellular heterogeneity within primary tumours and their metastases, meaning that targeted therapies may have only a transient effect, killing dominant cellular populations but leaving behind potentially even more aggressive forms of cancer cells that have unidentified (and so unexploited) molecular targets. In this review, consideration is given to overcoming the barriers of personalised medicine specific to PDAC with the aim of improving the 5-year survival rates</p>

scholarly journals The landscape of PDK1 in Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wang ◽  
Jianjiang Fu ◽  
Zhihua Li ◽  
Ningni Jiang ◽  
Yanhong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Concepts ◽  
Cellular Behaviors ◽  
Interacting Networks

Given that 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) plays a crucial role in malignant biological behaviors of a wide-range of cancers, we further review the influence of PDK1 in breast cancer (BC). First, we describe the power of PDK1 in cellular behaviors and extensively demonstrate the interacting networks of PDK1 via PI3K-dependent/ PI3K-independent pathway. Then we enlighten the roles of PDK1 in carcinogenesis, growth and survival, metastasis, and chemoresistance in BC cells. More important, we sort the current preclinical or clinical trials of PDK1 targeted therapy in BC and find that even though at present no selective PDK1 inhibitor is available for BC therapy, but the combination trials of PDK1 targeted therapy and other agents have demonstrated some benefit. Thus, there is increasing anticipations that PDK1 targeted therapy will have its space in future therapeutic concepts of BC, and we hope to feature PDK1 in BC to the clinic and bring the new promising to patients for targeted therapies.

Neuro-psychological features of non-motor disorders in Parkinson's disease // Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research No.1(5), 2019/ Chief Editor Thomas Fisher /OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Basel, Switzerland. 24.03.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2018. - PP.24-28.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomiia Bandrivska
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
European Academy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Psychological Features

Parkinson's disease (PD) - is a chronic progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system, the main clinical manifestations of which are hypokinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, postural disorders, which as the disease progresses grow and eventually lead to immobility of patients [Stok V. N., Fedorova N.V., 1997, Jahno N.N., 1995]. Modern anti parkinson therapy is mainly symptomatic and, apparently, does not affect the current degeneration process. Therefore, even with the optimal treatment today, disability of the patient is inevitable in the future. In addition to classical motor disorders, the cause of disability can be a wide range of non-motor disorders (mental , vegetative , sensory).

scholarly journals Classification of non-coding variants with high pathogenic impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambert Moyon ◽  
Camille Berthelot ◽  
Alexandra Louis ◽  
Nga Thi Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Hugues Roest Crollius
Keyword(s):  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Control Optimisation ◽  
Coding Variants

Whole genome sequencing is increasingly used to diagnose medical conditions of genetic origin. While both coding and non-coding DNA variants contribute to a wide range of diseases, most patients who receive a WGS-based diagnosis today harbour a protein-coding mutation. Functional interpretation and prioritization of non-coding variants represents a persistent challenge, and disease-causing non-coding variants remain largely unidentified. Depending on the disease, WGS fails to identify a candidate variant in 20-80% of patients, severely limiting the usefulness of sequencing for personalised medicine. Here we present FINSURF, a machine-learning approach to predict the functional impact of non-coding variants in regulatory regions. FINSURF outperforms state-of-the-art methods, owing to control optimisation during training. In addition to ranking candidate variants, FINSURF also delivers diagnostic information on functional consequences of mutations. We applied FINSURF to a diverse set of 30 diseases with described causative non-coding mutations, and correctly identified the disease-causative non-coding variant within the ten top hits in 22 cases. FINSURF is implemented as an online server to as well as custom browser tracks, and provides a quick and efficient solution to prioritize candidate non-coding variants in realistic clinical settings.

scholarly journals TPMS technology to infer biomarkers of macular degeneration prognosis in in silico simulated prototype-patients under the study of heart failure treatment with sacubitril and valsartan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Jorba ◽  
Joaquim Aguirre-Plans ◽  
Valentin Junet ◽  
Cristina Segú-Vergés ◽  
José Luis Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Heart Failure Treatment ◽  
Failure Treatment ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractUnveiling the mechanism of action of a drug is key to understand the benefits and adverse reactions of drug(s) in an organism. However, in complex diseases such as heart diseases there is not a unique mechanism of action but a wide range of different responses depending on the patient. Exploring this collection of mechanisms is one of the clues for a future personalised medicine. The Therapeutic Performance Mapping System (TPMS) is a Systems Biology approach that generates multiple models of the mechanism of action of a drug. This is achieved by (1) modelling the responses in human with an accurate description of the protein networks and (2) applying a Multilayer Perceptron-like and sampling method strategy to find all plausible solutions. In the present study, TPMS is applied to explore the diversity of mechanisms of action of the drug combination sacubitril/valsartan. We use TPMS to generate a range of mechanism of action models explaining the relationship between sacubitril/valsartan and heart failure (the indication), as well as evaluating their relationship with macular degeneration (a common/recurrent adverse effect). We found that a lower response in terms of heart failure treatment is more associated to macular degeneration development, although good response mechanisms can also associate to the adverse effect. A set of 30 potential biomarkers are proposed to identify mechanisms (or patients) more prone to suffering macular degeneration when presenting good heart failure response. As each molecular mechanism can be particular not only of cells but also individuals, we conclude that the study of the collection of models generated using TPMS technology can be used to detect adverse effects personalized to patients.

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