scholarly journals MUSCLE OXYGENATION DURING EXERCISE IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE AND OVERWEIGHT 6–19-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (107) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Vaida Šidlauskaitė ◽  
Birutė Zacharienė ◽  
Arvydas Stasiulis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Walking Exercise

Background. The purpose of our study was to compare muscle oxygenation during walking exercise in physically active, non-physically active normal weight and overweight 6–19- year-old children. Methods. Twenty four normal weight, physically non-active (NPA), 27 normal weight physically active (PA) and 17 overweight (OW) 6–19-year-old children participated in this study. Muscle oxygenation was recorded by near infrared spectroscopy during constant (6 min, 6 km/h, 4% grade) and increasing walking exercise (modified Balke test). Heart rate was recorded using Polar system. Results. Overweight children of all age groups demonstrated slower time constant of muscle oxygenation during constant walking exercise (37.2 ± 3 (6–10-year-old); 29.7 ± 2 (11–15-yr old), 33.4 ± 5.1 (16–19-year-old)) and lower threshold of oxygenation (TO) (84.3 ± 10.1, 104.5 ± 17.1, 188.5 ± 69.4 respectively) during increasing walking exercise as compared NPA (111.8 ± 13.7, 124.4 ± 29.8, 192.6 ± 84 respectively) and PA (106.2 ± 35.2; 122 ± 13.3; 340.8 ± 44.2 respectively) peers. The time constant of Deoxy-Hb during constant walking exercise was the shortest in PA (16.7 ± 2.3, 16.9 ± 2, 15.5 ± 4.7 respectively) in all age groups. The TO was higher in PA as compared to NW only in 16–19 years of age. Conclusion. Muscle oxygenation during constant or increasing exercise is dependent on both body weight and physical activity status in 6–19-year-old children.

scholarly journals Children with overweight are not less physically active than children of normal-weight

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke van Leeuwen ◽  
Bart Koes ◽  
Winifred D. Paulis ◽  
Patrick J.E. Bindels ◽  
Marienke van Middelkoop
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Percentage Time ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in objectively measured physical activity and in self-reported physical activity between overweight and normal-weight children. Methods Data from a prospective cohort study including children, presenting at the participating general practices in the south-west of the Netherlands, were used. Children (aged 4-15 years) were categorized as normal-weight or overweight using age- and sex specific cut-off points. They wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for one week to register physical activity, and filled out a diary for one week about physical activity. Results A total of 57 children were included in this study. Overweight children spent significantly less percentage time per day in sedentary behavior (β -1.68 (95%CI -3.129, -0.07)). There were no significant differences in percentage time per day spent in light to moderate physical activity (β 1.52 (-0.01, 3.04)), and in moderate to vigorous physical activity (β 0.33 (-0.11, 0.78)). No significant differences were found between children of normal-weight and overweight in self-reported measures of physical activity. Conclusions Overweight children are not less physically active than normal-weight children, which may be associated with the risen awareness towards overweight/obesity and with implemented interventions for children with overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals No differences in physical activity between children with overweight and children of normal-weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke van Leeuwen ◽  
Bart W. Koes ◽  
Winifred D. Paulis ◽  
Patrick J. E. Bindels ◽  
Marienke van Middelkoop
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Actigraph Accelerometer ◽  
Percentage Time ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in objectively measured physical activity and in self-reported physical activity between overweight and normal-weight children. Methods Data from a prospective cohort study including children, presenting at the participating general practices in the south-west of the Netherlands, were used. Children (aged 4–15 years) were categorized as normal-weight or overweight using age- and sex specific cut-off points. They wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for one week to register physical activity, and filled out a diary for one week about physical activity. Results A total of 57 children were included in this study. Overweight children spent significantly less percentage time per day in sedentary behavior (β − 1.68 (95%CI -3.129, − 0.07)). There were no significant differences in percentage time per day spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (β 0.33 (− 0.11, 0.78)). No significant differences were found between children of normal-weight and overweight in self-reported measures of physical activity. Conclusions Overweight children are not less physically active than normal-weight children, which may be associated with the risen awareness towards overweight/obesity and with implemented interventions for children with overweight/obesity.

Accelerometer Response to Physical Activity Intensity in Normal-Weight Versus Overweight African American Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Arvidsson ◽  
Mark Fitch ◽  
Mark L. Hudes ◽  
Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽  
Sharon E. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
American Children

Background:Different movement efficiency in overweight children may affect accelerometer output data. The purpose was to investigate the ability of accelerometers to assess physical activity intensity and number of steps in normal-weight compared with overweight children.Methods:Eleven normal-weight and 14 overweight African American children walked at 2, 4, 5, and 6 km/h on a treadmill wearing Lifecorder, ActiGraph, RT3, and Biotrainer. Oxygen uptake was measured and steps manually counted. Fat free mass (FFM) was assessed from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Accelerometer counts and the individual linear regression lines of accelerometer counts versus VO2/FFM were evaluated, together with steps recorded by Lifecorder and Actigraph.Results:Correlations between accelerometer counts and VO2/FFM for all monitors were r ≥ .95 (P < .01). The accelerometer counts and their relationship to VO2/FFM did not generally differ significantly by body weight status. Lifecorder and Actigraph underestimated steps at 4, 5, and 6 km/h by less than 9%, but the error was up to −95% at 2 km/h.Conclusions:All 4 accelerometers show high ability to assess physical activity intensity, and can be used to compare physical activity between normal-weight and overweight children. The Lifecorder and the ActiGraph showed high accuracy in assessing steps, providing speed of movement exceeded 2 km/h.

scholarly journals Differences in the Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and BMI of Finnish Grade 5 Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 765-771
Author(s):  
Kasper Salin ◽  
Mikko Huhtiniemi ◽  
Anthony Watt ◽  
Harto Hakonen ◽  
Timo Jaakkola
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

Background: This study examined the distribution of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time of fifth-grade students during school, leisure time, and physical education (PE) classes. Demographic, anthropometric, and PA data were collected from 17 representative Finnish schools. Methods: To estimate the PA and sedentary time, participants (N = 592) wore wGT3X-BT ActiGraphs for 7 consecutive days. Comparisons were made between genders and different BMI groups. Results: From the study sample, 43.7% met the moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) guidelines. Participants spent 62.2% of the day sedentary and 8.2% in moderate and vigorous activities. Boys performed more MVPA than girls, and girls were more sedentary during school days. Boys had more MVPA than girls in leisure time, but there were no differences in sedentary time. However, an examination of PA assessed during PE classes revealed no differences between boys and girls. Normal-weight boys engaged in more MVPA than overweight and obese boys. No differences were found for girls. Conclusions: The PA levels differ between different BMI groups in leisure time and during school but not during PE lessons. PA for overweight children should be targeted and compulsory PE time should be increased to achieve the PA guidelines.

scholarly journals Leisure Activities of Healthy Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Auhuber ◽  
Mandy Vogel ◽  
Nico Grafe ◽  
Wieland Kiess ◽  
Tanja Poulain
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Study Participants

The objective of the present study was to give a detailed overview on the leisure behavior of adolescents (frequency, differences between gender, age groups and social class, time trends, and inter-relations). In total, 1449 10- to 18-year-old German adolescents were included in the study. Participants answered questionnaires about their media use, physical activity, outdoor time, engagement in choir/orchestra and theater/dancing, social life and socio-economic status (SES). The results revealed that girls, children with lower SES as well as older children reported to use screen-based media more often and that girls, older children and children with lower SES were less physically active. In addition, boys and children with lower SES engaged less frequently in choir/orchestra and theater/dancing, while children with higher SES met their friends more often. The time trend analysis showed that mobile phone use increased drastically from 2011 to 2017, while engagement in choir/orchestra and theater/dancing decreased. Regarding the inter-relation between leisure activities, high screen times were significantly associated with less physical activity and less outdoor time. Physical activity, in contrast, was significantly related to better social life and more outdoor time. These findings highlight the growing importance of electronic media in adolescents’ lives and their tendency to displace other leisure activities.

Children’s Heart Rates during Physical Education Lessons: A Review

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Physically Active

Physical educators have purported to teach children to be physically active and to promote their fitness. To achieve these goals, children should regularly experience moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during physical education lessons. For the purposes of this review, moderate physical activity is that which elicits a heart rate of 50% of maximum heart rate reserve (MHRR), moderate-to-vigorous activity elicits 60% of MHRR, and vigorous activity elicits 75% of MHRR. Duration criteria were set at 50% of lesson time or 20 min. The majority of lessons described in previous reports failed to achieve these criteria, although problems were noted in method and analyses of data. Lessons with physical activity as a direct goal have been successful in increasing MVPA. A greater focus on physical activity is required in the planning and delivery of physical education lessons if the physical activity and fitness goals of the physical education curriculum are to be met.

scholarly journals What they say and what they do: comparing physical activity across the USA, England and the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Kapteyn ◽  
James Banks ◽  
Mark Hamer ◽  
James P Smith ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Usa

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is important for maintaining health, but there are fundamental unanswered questions on how best it should be measured.MethodsWe measured PA in the Netherlands (n=748), the USA (n=540) and England (n=254), both by a 7 day wrist-worn accelerometer and by self-reports. The self-reports included a global self-report on PA and a report on the frequency of vigorous, moderate and mild activity.ResultsThe self-reported data showed only minor differences across countries and across groups within countries (such as different age groups or working vs non-working respondents). The accelerometer data, however, showed large differences; the Dutch and English appeared to be much more physically active than Americans h (For instance, among respondents aged 50 years or older 38% of Americans are in the lowest activity quintile of the Dutch distribution). In addition, accelerometer data showed a sharp decline of PA with age, while no such pattern was observed in self-reports. The differences between objective measures and self-reports occurred for both types of self-reports.ConclusionIt is clear that self-reports and objective measures tell vastly different stories, suggesting that across countries people use different response scales when answering questions about how physically active they are.

Life-Styles and Aging: The Hungarian Case

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyöngyi Szabó Földesi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Hungarian Case ◽  
The Individual

This paper is an analysis of the presence and the consequences of ageism and sexism in contemporary sport relative to Hungarian women. The major purposes are: (1) to consider some theoretical concerns about research on physical activity in the later years; (2) to examine how the double disadvantage of being old and female influences life-styles in connection with sport; (3) to review research relative to how and why sport is or is not an integral part of life-style of the 50+ age group of women in Hungary; (4) to present results of research carried out recently in Hungary on elderly people’s sport participation and their judgments of their own physical activity. Findings from a variety of studies were discussed, including 1987 and 1997 studies of the Budapest older population. Interview and questionnaire techniques were used to collect data relative to participation and interpretation of sport and physical activity. According to the findings, of the 1997 study, only 19% of women over 70 reported their health as satisfactory, compared with 5.6 % of the men. Lasting diseases were more frequent among women than among men (42.3 % versus 34.1 %). 38.8 % of females and 27.8 % of males aged 70-74 years cannot walk a distance of 2 kilometers; 47.1 % of females and 31.8 % of males in the same age groups are not able to ascend 10 stairsteps without taking a rest. Approximately 5 % of males over 60 and approximately 4% of females over 55 were physically active. It appears to the great majority of Hungarian older women that they are losers of the recent system change: because of growing poverty their life-chances have been worsening, their opportunities for choosing the components of their life-styles-including physical activity have narrowed and social distances within and between the individual age cohorts have increased, including sport participation. There is a need for rethinking attitudes and for increasing awareness of how physical fitness could keep Hungarians in all ages healthier, more independent and more optimistic.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Sexual Health in Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Leško ◽  
Renata Barić ◽  
Anamaria Ivanko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Physically Active

The primary aim of the study was to examine the correlation between the physical activity level and three factors of sexual health in men (sexual desire, sexual function and sexual satisfaction). The sample consisted of 509 male students aged 18 to 30 (M=19.70; SD=1.38). The results suggest a significantly better erectile function and sexual satisfaction in sufficiently physically active compared to insufficiently physically active men, while no significance was found in sexual desire and premature ejaculation. The findings indicate that the level of physical activity is positively related to sexual health factors, regardless of whether the dominant aerobic or anaerobic type of physical activity is practiced. Men with higher number of exercise hours on weekly basis have higher sexual desire and better erectile function. Men who are more satisfied with their own body image, have better erectile function. Although previous studies point to positive correlation between physical activity and sexual health in older age groups, this study points to better sexual health of physically active men already in the student age.

scholarly journals Heart Rate and Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics During Dynamic Constant Load Intermittent Breath-Holds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Bouten ◽  
Sander De Bock ◽  
Gil Bourgois ◽  
Sarah de Jager ◽  
Jasmien Dumortier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Peripheral Vasoconstriction

Introduction: Acute apnea evokes bradycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction in order to conserve oxygen, which is more pronounced with face immersion. This response is contrary to the tachycardia and increased blood flow to muscle tissue related to the higher oxygen consumption during exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic responses of dynamic dry apnea (DRA) and face immersed apnea (FIA).Methods: Ten female volunteers (17.1 ± 0.6 years old) naive to breath-hold-related sports, performed a series of seven dynamic 30 s breath-holds while cycling at 25% of their peak power output. This was performed in two separate conditions in a randomized order: FIA (15°C) and DRA. Heart rate and muscle tissue oxygenation through near-infrared spectroscopy were continuously measured to determine oxygenated (m[O2Hb]) and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration (m[HHb]) and tissue oxygenation index (mTOI). Capillary blood lactate was measured 1 min after the first, third, fifth, and seventh breath-hold.Results: Average duration of the seven breath-holds did not differ between conditions (25.3 s ± 1.4 s, p = 0.231). The apnea-induced bradycardia was stronger with FIA (from 134 ± 4 to 85 ± 3 bpm) than DRA (from 134 ± 4 to 100 ± 5 bpm, p &lt; 0.001). mTOI decreased significantly from 69.9 ± 0.9% to 63.0 ± 1.3% (p &lt; 0.001) which is reflected in a steady decrease in m[O2Hb] (p &lt; 0.001) and concomitant increase in m[HHb] (p = 0.001). However, this was similar in both conditions (0.121 &lt; p &lt; 0.542). Lactate was lower after the first apnea with FIA compared to DRA (p = 0.038), while no differences were observed in the other breath-holds.Conclusion: Our data show strong decreases in heart rate and muscle tissue oxygenation during dynamic apneas. A stronger bradycardia was observed in FIA, while muscle oxygenation was not different, suggesting that FIA did not influence muscle oxygenation. An order of mechanisms was observed in which, after an initial tachycardia, heart rate starts to decrease after muscle tissue deoxygenation occurs, suggesting a role of peripheral vasoconstriction in the apnea-induced bradycardia. The apnea-induced increase in lactate was lower in FIA during the first apnea, probably caused by the stronger bradycardia.

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