scholarly journals The Influence of Feedback on Balance in Stroke Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jûratė Ramanauskaitė ◽  
Gražina Krutulytė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Before And After

Stroke has been recognized as one of the basic reasons what concerns illness, death-rate and long-term disability all over the world. Balance disorder is one of the most common disorders and one of the basic factors limiting the routine of cerebral stroke patients. Therefore the feedback is especially important to train balance in patients with the disorder to perceive their body position. The use of feedback provides patients with sensormotoric disorders ability to evaluate different physiological reactions better and to improve simetricity of their body position. There are expensive and complicated feedback-based platforms used to train balance, however, there was no evidence, whether a mirror – a simple and cheap means of feedback – equally influences the balance of stroke patients. Objectives: to assess the feedback influence on the balance of stroke patients. To evaluate the mobility of stroke patients before and after the physical therapy. To evaluate the static balance of stroke patients before and after the physical therapy To evaluate the dynamic balance of stroke patients before and after the physical therapy Methods and measures: The research was carried out from 2008–02–01 to 2009–02–02, in the 2nd Department of In-patient Rehabilitation (Centre of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos). There were 40 cerebral stroke patients in the survey examined, who were selected according to the following criteria: • the first cerebral stroke, • ability to understand the tasks of the survey, • ability to stand 2 minutes without assistance, • ability to stand 30 seconds without assistance ant with eyes closed, • ability to step on and step off a stair individually or with observation, • stable state of the cardiovascular system The patients were divided into two groups randomly: group 1 (n = 20) consisted of the patients whose balance was trained using platform „MTD-balance“; group 2 (n = 20) consisted of the patients whose balance was trained using a mirror. During the survey all the patients underwent a specially created program of both general and special, aimed physical exercises. The program lasted 4 weeks (5 days a week, twice a day) and consisted of basic and functional procedures of physical therapy The functional state was evaluated at the time of patients’ arrival at the department of rehabilitation and 4 weeks later. The power of muscles was evaluated according to the 5 grade system of Lovett; sensations (surface and deep), muscular tone according the spastic scale of Ashworth; general mobility (5 classes according to the scale suggested by the European Federation for Research in Rehabilitation (EFRR), legs mobility (5 classes according to the scale suggested by the EFRR), dynamic balance was evaluated using the tests of Berg and „Stand and go“, static balance (sitting and standing, with eyes closed and eyes opened) was evaluated using the „MTD-balance“ system. Conclusions: 1. During the application of the 4-week program of physical exercises the mobility of the patients surveyed were improving. It was found, that the improvement of mobility was the same when using both „MTD-balance“platform and a mirror 2. The static balance improved using both „MTD-balance“platform and a mirror. However, using both „MTD-balance“platform as more effective in improving static balance when standing with closed eyes (p < 0.05). 3. Better results of dynamic balance are achieved when balance is trained using the „MTD-balance“platform (p < 0.05).Keywords: the stroke, balance, feedback

scholarly journals Concussion History and Balance Performance in Adolescent Rugby Union Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652199870
Author(s):  
Mark Matthews ◽  
William Johnston ◽  
Chris M. Bleakley ◽  
Richard J. Davies ◽  
Alan T. Rankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Rugby Players

Background: Sports-related concussion is a worldwide problem. There is a concern that an initial concussion can cause prolonged subclinical disturbances to sensorimotor function that increase the risk of subsequent injury. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether a history of sports-related concussion has effects on static and dynamic balance performance in adolescent rugby players. Hypothesis: Dynamic balance would be worse in players with a history of concussion compared with those with no history of concussion. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Male adolescent rugby players aged 14 to 18 years from 5 schools were recruited before the start of the 2018-2019 playing season. Participants completed questionnaires and physical tests, including dynamic Y balance and single-leg static balance (eyes closed) tests, while performing single and dual tasks. Dynamic balance was assessed using inertial sensor instrumentation. Dependent variables were normalized reach distance and the sample entropy (SEn) of the 3 axes ( x, y, and z). Results: Of the 195 participants, 100 reported a history of concussion. Those with a history of concussion demonstrated higher SEn in all directions, with highest values during anterior (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.4; 95% CI, 0.0-0.7; P = .027) and posteromedial (SMD, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9; P = .004) reach directions compared with those with no history. There was no difference between groups (concussion history vs control) in traditional Y balance reach distances in the anterior or posteromedial directions or single-leg static balance during both single- ( P = .47) and dual-task ( P = .67) conditions. Conclusion: Adolescent rugby union athletes with a history of concussion had poorer dynamic balance during performance tasks compared with healthy controls. Static single-leg balance tests, either single or dual task, may not be sensitive enough to detect sensorimotor deficits in those with a history of concussion.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Acute Muscular Fatigue on Static and Dynamic Balance Performances in Elite Wrestlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Ömer Özer
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Muscular Fatigue ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Exercise ◽  
Fatigue Exercise ◽  
Before And After

Maximal strength, muscular endurance, maximal aerobic power, and anaerobic capabilities, power are needed to have victory for wrestlers in a wrestling competition.The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of acute muscular fatigue on static and dynamic balance performances in elite wrestlers. Ten elite male wrestlers (25 &plusmn; 2.3 years, 181 &plusmn; 6.5 cm, 84 &plusmn; 4.2 kg) participated in the study voluntarily. Participants were undertaken dynamic and static balance test before fatigue exercise (in Cybex) and immediately after fatigue exercise, theywere undertaken dynamic and static balance test again. SPSS packet program was used to evaluate the data. There were no statistically significant differences in static and dynamic balance before and after fatigue. The results show that wrestlers&rsquo; balance is not affected by muscular fatigue, so there is no need for balance exercise after fatigue at least according to this study.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pilates Training on the Balance of Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Zaičenkovienė ◽  
Renata Rakovaitė
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Four Square ◽  
And Control

Research background. Falling is one of the most important problems in the elderly’s mobility disorder, which is most often affected by the loss of balance. It is known that Pilates exercises could help to increase the deep muscle strength, improve posture and proprioception, which affects the improvement of the balance. Objective – to evaluate the effects of Pilates exercises on the elderly’s static and dynamic balance. Methodology. The study population consisted of 20 volunteers, men and women, who were divided into Pilates exercises (n = 10, age 65.1 ± 2.6) and control (n = 10, age 68.6 ± 4.9) groups. The study group participated in Pilates classes 2 times per week for six weeks (session duration 60 minutes). The control group did not participate in any physical activity, but they were physically active as usually in their daily life. The main outcome measures were assessed before and after the intervention. The static balance was assessed by measuring posturographic parameters using the force platform, dynamic balance was measured with the Timed up and Go Test (TUG) and the Four Square Step Test (FSST). Results. The results showed signifcant improvement in static balance of the experimental group after the Pilates exercises during standing tests when the feet were apart, eyes opened and closed and when the feet together with eyes opened, and when the foot was in front of the other foot. The results of the control group did not differ during both tests. The results of both groups did not differ in the static balance tests before and after the study, but after the Pilates exercises, the results of the Pilates group signifcantly differed from the control group test results when the feet were in shoulder line with open eyes. The results of the dynamic balance after Pilates exercises signifcantly improved in both tests in the study group. Before the study, there were not statistically signifcant differences in the dynamic balance results between the groups. Conclusions. Six-week Pilates exercises had a positive effect on the elderly’s static and dynamic balance.Keywords: Pilates training, static balance, dynamic balance.

scholarly journals Applying the Minimal Detectable Change of a Static and Dynamic Balance Test Using a Portable Stabilometric Platform to Individually Assess Patients with Balance Disorders

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan De la Torre ◽  
Javier Marin ◽  
Marco Polo ◽  
José J. Marín
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Disorders ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Specialist Physician

Balance disorders have a high prevalence among elderly people in developed countries, and falls resulting from balance disorders involve high healthcare costs. Therefore, tools and indicators are necessary to assess the response to treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect relevant changes through minimal detectable change (MDC) values in patients with balance disorders, specifically with vertigo. A test-retest of a static and dynamic balance test was conducted on 34 healthy young volunteer subjects using a portable stabilometric platform. Afterwards, in order to show the MDC applicability, eight patients diagnosed with balance disorders characterized by vertigo of vestibular origin performed the balance test before and after a treatment, contrasting the results with the assessment by a specialist physician. The balance test consisted of four tasks from the Romberg test for static balance control, assessing dynamic postural balance through the limits of stability (LOS). The results obtained in the test-retest show the reproducibility of the system as being similar to or better than those found in the literature. Regarding the static balance variables with the lowest MDC value, we highlight the average velocity of the center of pressure (COP) in all tasks and the root mean square (RMS), the area, and the mediolateral displacement in soft surface, with eyes closed. In LOS, all COP limits and the average speed of the COP and RMS were highlighted. Of the eight patients assessed, an agreement between the specialist physician and the balance test results exists in six of them, and for two of the patients, the specialist physician reported no progression, whereas the balance test showed worsening. Patients showed changes that exceeded the MDC values, and these changes were correlated with the results reported by the specialist physician. We conclude that (at least for these eight patients) certain variables were sufficiently sensitive to detect changes linked to balance progression. This is intended to improve decision making and individualized patient monitoring.

scholarly journals Balance Training with Electromyogram-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation in the Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Kyeongjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Ankle Muscle ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of balance training with electromyogram-triggered functional electrical stimulation (EMG-triggered FES) to improve static balance, dynamic balance, and ankle muscle activation in stroke patients. Forty-nine participants (>6 months after stroke) were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 25) and the control group (n = 24). The experimental group underwent balance training with EMG-triggered FES for 40 min a day, 5 days a week, for a 6-week period in addition to general rehabilitation. The control group underwent balance training without EMG-triggered FES along with conventional therapy. Outcome measures included static balance ability, dynamic balance ability, and leg muscle activation. The static and dynamic balance abilities were significantly improved after intervention in both groups (p < 0.05), although the experimental group showed considerably greater improvement than the control group (p < 0.05). Leg muscle activation on the affected side resulted in significant improvements in the experimental group (p < 0.05) when compared with baseline but not in the control group. Balance training with EMG-triggered FES is an acceptable and effective intervention to improve the static balance, dynamic balance, and ankle muscle activation in stroke patients.

Three Wheel Bike as Physical Therapy Equipment for Post-Stroke Patient

2015 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Made Londen Batan ◽  
Rodika ◽  
Muhamad Riva'i
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
A Value ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Before And After

Three wheel bike as a physical therapy equipment for post-stroke patients was designed with length of 1937 mm, 1010 mm in width and height of 905 mm. The bike is designd ergonomic and can be driven by rider foot or hand simultaneously. By using CATIA software the strength of material bike frame was analyst to support 100 kg of load. The design is realized into a prototype. The performance of bike prototype is tested, and the result sows that the function of bike mechanisme is fulfilled. By 10 respondents, who have a standard body mass index, the pedal test was conducted, and the result indicates that, the higher the speed of the pedal, the higher the energy consumption to pedaling. Leg tension muscles is measured by leg-dynamometer before and after pedaling, and the result shows the tension muscle is proportional to the increase of pedal speed. In order to evaluate the ergonomic aspect of bike design, the risk angle of extrem position of body during cycling are measured by goneo-set. By RULA method the risk of injury value of rider body is calculated while pedaling, and the result showed that 70% of respondents have a value of risk injury 2, while 30% had a value of 3. It means that, the bike design is ergonomic and comfortable to ride. In oder to evaluate the benefits of disigned bike, the pedal test is conducted by 4 post-stroke patients for 30 days periodical once every 3 days. The result shows that during 1 month exercise, the average number of cycling to pedal increase up to 100%. This means that the ability of post-stroke patients to pedal the bike increase significantly. That result showed that the bike design is useful as a tool for physical therapy post-stroke patients.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON DIFFERENT SURFACES, ON BALANCE AND GAIT PERFORMANCE IN STROKE HEMIPLEGIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-596
Author(s):  
Hyun-Seung Rhyu ◽  
Soung-Yob Rhi
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Double Support Time ◽  
Support Time

ABSTRACT Although many studies have focused on balance exercises for elderly or stroke patients, no comprehensive studies have investigated the use of training on different surfaces (TDS) with analysis of gait performance in elderly male stroke patients. The active properties of balance and subjective reporting of functional gait ability were used to identify the effects of TDS. Static balance (SB), dynamic balance (DB) and gait analysis was measured in 30 elderly stroke patients. The patients were divided into the TDS group (n=15) and a control group (CG, n=15). Fifteen elderly stroke patients underwent TDS five times a week for 12 weeks. The data was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Significant differences were observed between the two groups (TDS and Control): SB (p < 0.0001), DB (OSI: p < 0.0001, APSI: p < 0.001, MLSI: p < 0.004) and gait analysis (right: temporal step time: p < 0.0001, temporal cycle time: p < 0.001, temporal double support time: p < 0.0001; left: temporal step time: p < 0.0001, temporal cycle time: p < 0.0001, temporal double support time: p < 0.0001). TDS in elderly male stroke patients suggests that the characteristics of gait performance in these patients may be improved by increasing static balance, dynamic balance and gait velocity. It is hoped that the results of this trial will provide new information on the effects of TDS on balance stability and gait ability in stroke patients, through changes in stability of the lower extremities. Level III, Case-control Study.

Effects of a Dance Program on Static Balance on a Platform in Young Adults With Down Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Gutiérrez-Vilahú ◽  
Núria Massó-Ortigosa ◽  
Lluís Costa-Tutusaus ◽  
Miriam Guerra-Balic ◽  
Ferran Rey-Abella
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Young People ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Before And After

The purpose of the study was to compare postural control in static standing in young adults with and without Down syndrome (DS), with eyes closed and eyesopen, before and after an 18-wk dance-based training program. The study included 11 young people with DS age 20.5 (1.3) yr and 11 without DS age 20.2 (2.0) yr.All parameters were recorded before and after the training program. Parameters related to center of pressure (COP; closed and open eyes) were recorded from aplatform with the participant in bipedal standing position during 30 s. The results suggest that young people with DS have worse COP control in both visual conditions (closed and open eyes) and are affected by visual information in a different way than their peers without DS. In the group of young adults with DS, thedance-based training program improved some parameters related to the use of visual input in controlling COP.

scholarly journals Balance Comparison between Iranian Elderly with and without Knee Range of Motion Limitations

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Lohrasbipeydeh ◽  
Soh Kim Geok ◽  
Roxana Dev Omar Dev ◽  
Seyedali Ahrari ◽  
Ong Swee Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Eyes Open

This study compares the static eye movement (eyes open and eyes closed) and dynamic balance amongst Iranian elderly with and without knee range of motion (ROM) limitations. The method used was a quasi-experimental before/after study. The participants consisted of 30 older Iranian adults, aged 60 or more (10 females and 20 males across two groups of 15 in each group) who were evaluated using the Sharpened Romberg (SR), Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. An independent t-test was used to compare the descriptive characteristics of the two groups of the elderly. The findings showed substantial alterations in all the measured components between the subjects. The static balance with an open eye (p = 0.028) and closed eye (p = 0.021), as well as the dynamic balance (p = 0.009) between the elderly with and without the limitation of knee ROM, was substantially different. Moving forward, the findings of this study suggested that the balance of the elderly was directly linked to knee ROM, as the elderly without limitations of knee ROM displayed greater stability than the elderly with limitations of knee ROM. Health care practitioners should also understand the ROM of the knee, as individuals with ROM limitations of the knee are more likely to fall due to underlying disorders associated with their balance.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Balance Exercises (Frenkel) and Aerobic Exercises (Walking) on Improving Balance in the Elderly

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Vafaeenasab ◽  
Athareh Amiri ◽  
Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad ◽  
Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayande ◽  
Hossein Abbaszade Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
T Test ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Romberg Test

Introduction: Balance in the elderly is one of the important issues, and imbalance can create irreparable problems for the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Frenkel balance exercise and aerobic exercise (walking) on improving the balance of elderly patients in Kerman province in 2016-2017.  Methods: We used a randomized block design, with 4 participants in each block; 48 elderly men and women living in the nursing homes of Kerman province were randomly assigned to two groups, balance (Frenkel) exercises and aerobic exercises (walking). The two groups performed Frenkel exercises and aerobic exercises (walking) for three 10- to 15-min sessions a week for five weeks. The balance time using the Sharpened Romberg test was recorded to measure static balance and the Get Up and Go test used to measure dynamic balance before and after the exercise program. To describe the variables studied, central tendency indicators and dispersion were used. Paired t-test was used to compare the time of balance before and after intervention and independent t-test to compare changes in balance time between two groups. Results: The mean static balance (with Sharpend Römberg test) was increased from 3.16 s to 6.01 s in Frenkel exercise, and from 3.33 s to 4.95 s in aerobic training group, indicating an improvement in the static balance after intervention. The mean time of dynamic balance (in the Get Up and Go test) during Frenkel exercise reduced from 17.07 s to 12.03 s, and during aerobic training from 17.08 s to 10.9 seconds, indicating an improvement in dynamic balance (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the mean changes in the duration of dynamic and static balance before and after intervention in the two groups. Conclusion: Both Frenkel exercise and walking equally improve static and dynamic balance in the elderly in different settings.

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