scholarly journals Effect of Glibenclamide on Motor and Behavioral Activity of Animals with Traumatic Brain Injury in the Highlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shuvalova ◽  
Yu. Shidakov ◽  
A. Shanazarov
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
White Male ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Behavioral Activity

Human activity is associated with the risk of injury. The rate of cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in high-altitude conditions is high. It should be assumed that exogenous hypoxia will have a significant impact on the development of the clinical consequences of TBI. However, information about the behavior of animals on the background of TBI in the highlands is scarce. The search for means of correcting brain injuries remains an urgent issue. To date, glibenclamide has been proposed for this purpose, but its effect in the highlands has not been studied. Objective: to evaluate the effect of glibenclamide on the behavioral activity of animals with TBI in the highlands. The object of the study is 82 white male rats weighing 250–310 g. The low-mountain series of the experiment was carried out at an altitude of 760 m above sea level (Bishkek). The high-altitude series was modeled on the Tuya-Ashu pass — 3200 m above sea level (Kyrgyzstan). TBI was reproduced according to the method of Y. Tang (1997). Correction with glibenclamide at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg per os. Behavioral activity was evaluated using the Open Field method, and muscle strength was evaluated using the S. V. Speransky method on the 3rd day of the experiment. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out in the SPSS 16.0 program. TBI in the low mountains resulted in a decrease in locomotor activity by 67% (P<0.001), and efficiency — by 43% (P<0.001). In the group of rats with TBI in the highlands, compared with the data of healthy animals that visited the same altitude, locomotor activity decreased by 44% (P<0.001), racks — by 60% (P<0.001), minks — by 76% (P< 0.01), grooming — by 55% (P<0.01), the number of boluses of defecation increases by 37% (P<0.05). Correction of TBI with glibenclamide in the highlands led to an increase in locomotion by 2 times (P<0.001), standing — by 2.3 times, peering into minks — by 4 times (P<0.01), working capacity — by 2.04 times (P<0.001). The level of defecation decreased by 70% (P<0.001). Violations of the behavior of rats in the highlands with TBI without the use of glibenclamide are more pronounced than in experiments in the foothills. Correction of TBI that occurred in the highlands demonstrates a positive neurotropic effect of glibenclamide.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury and Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 360-374
Author(s):  
M. Shuvalova ◽  
Yu. Shidakov ◽  
D. Zhanuzakov ◽  
A. Mamytova
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
White Male ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Today, the traumatic epidemic is gaining momentum around the world. Having a complex pathogenesis, many aspects of the development and impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the body remain undescribed. In particular, there is practically no information about the state of the body after a traumatic brain injury received in the highlands. The aim of the study is to establish the features of animal behavior, homeostatic blood parameters and functional morphology of the cerebellum in TBI in the highlands. The work was performed on 46 white male mongrel rats. The low-mountain series of experiments was modeled at an altitude of 760 m above sea level (Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek), the high-mountain series — at the Tuya-Ashu pass — 3200 m above sea level (Kyrgyzstan). The Weight Drop Method shock model was used to reproduce a traumatic brain injury. The ethology of animals was evaluated in the Open Field test. The lactic acid level was determined in the AQUA LAB (Bishkek). The microcirculation of the cerebellum was examined under the Olympus B×40 microscope (Japan). Statistical data processing was carried out in the SPSS 16.0 program. The visit to the outer squares of the field during TBI decreases (P<0.001) regardless of the height of the experiments, the number of racks in the highlands decreases by 60% (P < 0.001), the number of peeks into minks — by 76 % (P<0.01). The number of acts of defecation after TBI increases. The biochemical parameters of blood in TBI are characterized by an increase in the deficit of buffer bases to −3.8 mmol/l, a drop in the rate of oxygen consumption to 2.5 ml/min, an increase in the ratio between the rate of oxygen transport by arterial blood and the rate of its consumption to 4.8 rel. unit, and the concentration of lactic acid in the blood is up to 5 mmol/l. The microcirculatory bed of the cerebellum in TBI in the highlands is characterized by increased tortuosity, the appearance of swellings and interceptions along the course of blood vessels, activation of anastomoses, increased vascular porosity, hypercapillarization with erythrocyte sludge, parietal standing of leukocytes, the formation of blood clots in all parts of the vascular bed. There is vasogenic swelling of the cerebellum with the phenomena of dislocation of layers.

scholarly journals THE SEARCH FOR NEUROPROTECTIVE COMPOUNDS AMONG NEW ETHYLTHIADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
R. F. Cherevatenko ◽  
O. V. Antsiferov ◽  
S. Y. Skachilova ◽  
M. V. Pokrovsky ◽  
V. V. Gureev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rota Rod Test ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
Pharmacological Screening ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

The aim of the study is to search compounds with neuroprotective properties among new ethylthiadiazole derivatives in simulated traumatic brain injury.Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on 78 white male rats 270±20 g line “Wistar” 5–6 months of age and 120 outbred sexually mature mice weighing 20±2 grams. The article describes the search for compounds with neuroprotective properties among new ethylthiadiazole derivatives under the codes LKHT 4–15, LKHT 10–18, LKHT 11–18, and LKHT 12–18 in experimental traumatic brain injury in rats. Acute toxicity of the compounds was studied. Pharmacological screening was performed using behavioral and neurological research methods. The McGraw stroke score scale modified by I.V. Gannushkina and the mNSS psychometric scale were used in the study. The open field and Rota-rod tests were used to assess the behavioral status of the animals.Results. The compound-LKHT 12–18 at a dose of 50 mg/kg was detected as a leader. In pharmacological correction of pathology, this compound had the lowest percentage of fatality among the studied compounds (8%), the severity of neurological deficit was significantly reduced, the lowest scores and a higher level of motor activity of the limbs were registered. The number of rearing in the group of animals receiving the compound LKHT 12–18 at the dose of 50 mg/kg increased by 1.5 times, statistically significant (p<0.05) in comparison with the control group. Based on the results of the “Rota-rod” test, the total time of holding animals on the rod for 3 attempts was statistically significantly different in the groups administered with LKHT 12–18 derivatives (1.5 times longer) at the dose of 50 mg/kg compared with the control (p<0.05).Conclusion. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is planned to study in more detail the compound LKHT 12–18 at the dose of 50 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Effect of the Model of one-Time Shift Work in the Highlands on the Behavior and Structural Organization of the Cerebellum

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
M. Shuvalova ◽  
Yu. Shidakov ◽  
D. Zhanuzakov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Field Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Perivascular Edema

In Kyrgyzstan, 94% of the entire territory of the country is occupied by mountains. There are significant resources located here, the development of which is often associated with the temporary ascent to significant heights and descent to the low mountains of specialists in various fields of work. At the same time, information about the state of brain structures and the behavior of animals and humans in these conditions is scarce. Objective: to study the influence of the model of a one-time 8-hour shift work in the highlands on the histophysiology of the cerebellum and individual behavior of rats. The work was performed on 28 white mongrel male rats weighing 250–310 g. The low-mountain series of the experiment was carried out at an altitude of 760 m above sea level (Bishkek). The high-altitude series was modeled on the Tuya-Ashu pass-3200 m above sea level (Kyrgyzstan). Behavioral activity was evaluated using the Open field method, muscle strength according to the S. V. Speransky method on the 3rd day of the experiment. The microcirculation of the cerebellum was studied microscopically under the Olympus B×40 light microscope (Japan). Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out in the SPSS 16.0 program. In the highlands, the indicators of the mink reflex increase by 1.43 times, and the level of defecation increases by 8.5 times, which is a marker of increased vegetative activity of the body. Remodeling of cerebellar angioarchitectonics in the highlands is characterized by hypercapillarization, signs of blood stagnation, perivascular edema, enlargement of nucleoli, moderate hyperchromia of neurons of the molecular and granular layers. Thus, in the highlands, changes in behavioral activity are more pronounced than the remodeling of capillaries, neurons and glial elements, which are adaptive in nature.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN BRAIN STRUCTURES OF RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODEL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Semenenko
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Air Gun ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Brain

Experimental animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were created to study themorpho-functional features of the disease and to fill the therapeutic window betweenpreclinical trials and the introduction of drugs into the clinical medical practice.The aim of the work – to study the morphological changes in the brain structures ofrats under conditions of model TBI.Material and methods. The experiments were performed on white male rats weighing160-190 g. The experimental model of TBI in rats under conditions of propofolanesthesia (60 mg/kg) was caused by the action of a stream of carbon dioxide underpressure, which was created using a gas cylinder air gun. For histological examination,the brain was fixed with 10% neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohols in increasingconcentrations, and immersed in paraffin. Sections were stained with hematoxylinand eosin, toluidine blue. The microscopy of histological specimens was performedusing a light microscope OLIMPUS BX 41 using magnifications of 40, 100, 200 and400 times. The morphological research studied the structural changes of neurons inthe sensorimotor zone of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampal structures of the CA1zone and the condition of blood vessels in two groups of animals: Group II - rats withsimulated trauma.Results. In animals with model TBI, there was a predominance of the number ofdegenerating pyramidal neurons over those preserved in the sensorimotor zone ofthe cortex of the large hemispheres and in the CA1 zone of the hippocampus. In thesensorimotor zone of the cortex of the large hemispheres, the death of neurons wasmanifested by morphological signs of karyopyknosis, karyorexis and cytopicnosiswith the phenomena of cytolysis. Only single preserved neurons were visualized in thepyramidal layer; most cells are represented by pyknotic cells; 3) in the hippocampusof animals with TBI, the cytolytic type of nerve cell death was mainly observed. Themorphological signs of cytolysis indicate deep damage to all neurocyte structures.Conclusions. The morphological basis of the remodeling of brain structures in traumaticbrain injury is: reduction in the number of normochromic neurons in experimentalanimals, formation of a significant number of hypochromic neurons, formation ofhyperchromic neurons with pronounced signs of tigrolysis, hemodynamic disorderswith pericellular and perivascular edema.

MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HEMATOMAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Rustam Hazratkulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Early Activation ◽  
Intracranial Hematomas

Multiple traumatic hematomas (MG) account for 0.74% of all traumatic brain injuries. A comprehensive diagnostic approach to multiple traumatic intracranial hematomas allows to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of traumatic brain injury and to determine treatment tactics. A differentiated approach to the choice of surgical treatment of multiple hematomas allows to achieve satisfactory results and treatment outcomes, which accordingly contributes to the early activation of the patient, a reduction in hospital stay, a decrease in mortality and disabilityin patients with traumatic brain injury

scholarly journals Enriching neural stem cell and anti‐inflammatory glial phenotypes with electrical stimulation after traumatic brain injury in male rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunyoung Park ◽  
Johnathan G. Lyon ◽  
Melissa Alvarado‐Velez ◽  
Martha I. Betancur ◽  
Nassir Mokarram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Rapid Detection of Significant Traumatic Brain Injury Requiring Emergency Intervention

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482097335
Author(s):  
Isaac W. Howley ◽  
Jonathan D. Bennett ◽  
Deborah M. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Acute Care Surgery ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Mickey Mouse ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Care Surgery

Moderate and severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are a major cause of severe morbidity and mortality; rapid diagnosis and management allow secondary injury to be minimized. Traumatic brain injury is only one of many potential causes of altered mental status; head computed tomography (HCT) is used to definitively diagnose TBI. Despite its widespread use and obvious importance, interpretation of HCT images is rarely covered by formal didactics during general surgery or even acute care surgery training. The schema illustrated here may be applied in a rapid and reliable fashion to HCT images, expediting the diagnosis of clinically significant traumatic brain injury that warrants emergent medical and surgical therapies to reduce intracranial pressure. It consists of 7 normal anatomic structures (cerebrospinal fluid around the brain stem, open fourth ventricle, “baby’s butt,” “Mickey Mouse ears,” absence of midline shift, sulci and gyri, and gray-white differentiation). These 7 features can be seen even as the CT scanner obtains images, allowing the trauma team to expedite medical management of intracranial hypertension and pursue neurosurgical consultation prior to radiologic interpretation if the features are abnormal.

scholarly journals Reply to Comment on Tsai, Y.-C., et al. Association of Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia and Diabetic Hyperglycemia with Mortality in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of a Propensity Score-Matched Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4266

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Yu-Chin Tsai ◽  
Shao-Chun Wu ◽  
Ting-Min Hsieh ◽  
Hang-Tsung Liu ◽  
Chun-Ying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Analysis

Thank you for Eduardo Mekitarian Filho’s appreciation of our work on the study of stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) and diabetic hyperglycemia (DH) in patients with traumatic brain injuries [...]

scholarly journals Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Bal G Karmacharya ◽  
Brijesh Sathian
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015

Bilateral chorea following severe traumatic brain injury treated with risperidone

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e241929
Author(s):  
Daniel Krasna ◽  
Erica Montgomery ◽  
Jacob Koffer ◽  
Miriam Segal
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
History Of

A functionally independent man in his 20s with a history of intellectual disability and epilepsy and family history of Huntington’s disease suffered a severe traumatic brain injury. Postinjury, bilateral chorea rendered him dependent for all activities of daily living. Risperidone provided a significant reduction of chorea, decreasing the overall burden of care. Movement disorders are a common sequela of brain injury. Currently, there are no best treatment guidelines for chorea in patients with brain injury. To the authors’ knowledge there have been no case reports describing the effects of brain injury on patients with a primary movement disorder. Risperidone was an effective treatment in this case. Further research is needed to establish guidelines for treatment of movement disorders following brain injury and to better understand the effect of brain injuries on primary movement disorders.

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