Marginalisation of the Waata Oromo Hunter–Gatherers of Kenya: Insider and Outsider Perspectives

Africa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesa Kassam ◽  
Ali Balla Bashuna
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Social Activist ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
British Colonial

AbstractThis paper examines how the way of life of a little known group of hunter–gatherers, the Waata Oromo, was brought to an end through British colonial wildlife conservation laws and the creation of national parks in Kenya. Through this policy and that of the containment of ethnic groups to ‘tribal reserves’, the Waata lost their place in the regional economic system and suffered loss of cultural identity. It also meant that when Kenya gained independence, the Waata were not recognised as a distinct entity with rights to their own political representation. Instead, they became appendages of the dominant pastoral groups with which they had been associated. They were thus doubly marginalised, in both economic and political terms. The paper describes how this situation has led some Waata in northern Kenya to claim separate ethnic status. It discusses the problem from the point of view of a Waata social activist and of an anthropologist. These two perspectives raise further issues for the etic/emic debate in anthropology.

THE COLLECTIVE RIGHTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF LIBERAL MULTICULTURAL SOCIETIES AND THEIR LEGAL NATURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Борис Молчанов ◽  
Boris Molchanov ◽  
Григорий Стародубцев ◽  
Grigoriy Starodubtsyev ◽  
Жанна Иванова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
International Law ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Language Minorities ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Individual Human

In article individual human rights on cultural identity, political representation or on participation in the collective or group rights in the sphere of human rights in the liberal states are analyzed. Especially international law gives the collective rights for physical existence, protection against economic and cultural destruction and originality preservation ethnic, religious and language minorities. In detail also the legislation of a number of the states on a combination of the collective and individual rights of the small people for protection of their primordial habitat, a traditional way of life, customs, managing and crafts is in details analysed.

Myth, History and Modern Cultural Identity Among Hunter-Gatherers: A Borneo Case

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Sellato
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
East Kalimantan

The island of Borneo has maintained until fairly recently a number of tropical rainforest hunting-gathering groups, generally referred to as Punan or Penan (though other local ethnonyms are found). Today, a large proportion of them have switched to a partly settled way of life and some form of agriculture, but even these groups still rely heavily on the forest, collecting jungle products for trade and, often, processing the wild sago palms for their subsistence while collecting. The Bukat, one of these partly settled groups, are found (see Map 1) in Indonesia's West Kalimantan (three hamlets, totalling 300 persons) and East Kalimantan (one hamlet of 150), and in Malaysia's Sarawak (one hamlet of 150).

Otherness in More’s Utopia

Moreana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (Number 205- (3-4) ◽  
pp. 73-94
Author(s):  
Guillaume Navaud
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Old World ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Utopia as a concept points towards a world essentially alien to us. Utopia as a work describes this otherness and confronts us with a world whose strangeness might seem disturbing. Utopia and Europe differ in their relationship to what is other (Latin alienus) – that is, that which belongs to someone else, that which is foreign, that which is strange. These two worlds are at odds in regards to their foreign policy and way of life: Utopia aspires to self-sufficiency but remains open to whatever good may arrive from beyond its borders, while the Old World appears alienated by exteriority yet refuses to welcome any kind of otherness. This issue also plays a major part in the reception of More’s work. Book I invites the reader to distance himself from a European point of view in order to consider what is culturally strange not as logically absurd but merely as geographically remote. Utopia still makes room for some exoticism, but mostly in its paratexts, and this exoticism needs to be deciphered. All in all, Utopia may invite us to transcend the horizontal dialectics of worldly alterity in order to open our eyes to a more radical, metaphysical otherness.

scholarly journals The barasingha, or swamp deer, in Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

Oryx ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Henshaw
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Field Study ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Deer Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Wildlife Reserve ◽  
Swamp Deer

Between 1988 and 1993 six periods of field study were undertaken to investigate the environmental impact of the construction of a main irrigation canal and other works in the proposed extension of Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve and to recommend protective measures. Suklaphanta is administered by His Majesty's Government of Nepal through the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation. Special emphasis was placed upon the barasingha Cervus duvauceli population because it is the largest remaining group of this endangered deer species in the world. This paper presents recommendations for the management of the barasingha and its habitat.

scholarly journals The Place Of Karakalpak Ethnoculture In The Integration Of Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 676-688
Author(s):  
Halima Kadirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Space ◽  
The People

This scientific article highlights the place and role of the Karakalpak ethnic culture in the development and preservation of the identity of the people. The authors analyze the culture and life of the modern Karakalpak family, which inherits to the next generation the traditional way of life associated with national holidays and traditions, dastans performed by Karakalpak bakhshi (singers), legends and legends of the past, told by the older generation. The article argues that social changes in the global space contribute to the emergence of certain changes in the content of cultural identity, language, art, spiritual categories, which are elements of the basis of the national identity of each nation and various ethno-regional units, which further strengthens the study of this issue under the influence of the process of globalization.

scholarly journals Vuoret ja kaupunki vastakohtaisina tiloina Alisa Ganijevan teoksissa

2016 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Anni Lappela
Keyword(s):  
Central Element ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Real ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The City ◽  
Geographical Space

Mountains and City as Contrary Spaces in the Prose of Alisa Ganieva I analyze Alisa Ganieva’s novel Prazdnichnaia gora (2012) and her novella Salam tebe, Dalgat! (2010) from a geocritical (Westphal, Tally) point of view. Ganieva was born in 1985 in Moscow, but she grew up in Dagestan, in North Caucasia. Since 2002, she has lived in Moscow. All Ganieva’s novels are set in present-day Dagestan, not only in the capital Makhachkala but also in the countryside.  I study the ways the two main spaces and main milieus, the mountains and the city, oppose each other in Prazdnichnaia gora. I also analyze how this opposition constructs the utopian and dystopian discourses of the novel. In this high/low opposition, the mountains appear as the utopian place of a better future, and the city in the lowlands is depicted as a dystopian place of the present-day life. The texts’ multilayered time is also part of my analysis, which follows Westphal’s idea of the stratigraphy of time. Furthermore, the mountains are associated with the traditional way of life and the Soviet past. In this way, the mountains have two kinds of roles in the texts. Nevertheless, the city is a central element of the postcolonial dystopian discourse of Prazdnichnaia gora. In my opinion, Ganieva’s texts problematize referentiality, one of the key concepts of geocriticism. Whilst the city tends to be very referential, the mountains escape the referential relationship to the “real” geographical space.

scholarly journals Ecotourism in Russian Karelia: Emergence, development, opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Alexander Osipov
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Triangular Relationship ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

This review article examines the development of ecotourism in national parks in the Republic of Karelia over the last 30 years. In Russia, the term “ecotourism” has appeared in newspapers and scholarly articles since the 1990s and its popularity is still increasing. The authorities in the Republic of Karelia have argued that tourism and especially ecotourism have the potential to become a major sector of the Republic’s economy. This article focuses on the meaning of this term internationally, and especially in the context of Russia and Karelia, and considers this definition through the lens of conventional historiography. The key issue of this research is the triangular relationship between ecotourists, local communities and wildlife conservation areas or national parks, where ecotourism functions as a major tool, connecting all these points. This paper applies comparative historical research methods as part of a qualitative approach, analysing a variety of primary sources including archive materials, interviews and forum discussions. The article concludes that the slow growth of ecotourism, despite the attempts of regional authorities and the assistance of the European Union, is due to several reasons including remote locations, poor infrastructure and the lack of symbolic meaning for national parks.

scholarly journals CITY ENVIRONMENT AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE LIFESTYLE AND ACTIVE TOURISM

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Светлана ХУСНУТДИНОВА ◽  
Svetlana KHUSNUTDINOVA ◽  
Юлия ЗАКИРОВА ◽  
Yuliya ZAKIROVA
Keyword(s):  
Creative Industries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Safe School ◽  
City Environment ◽  
City Culture ◽  
Local Residents

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities and peculiarities of the city environment from the point of view of providing the necessary conditions for the active city lifestyle and active tourism. Cities are interested in the develop- ment of tourism, as an industry that actively attracts investments in the economy, creating a huge variety of workplaces and selfemployment, contributing to the growth of the tax base, preserving local uniqueness and historical and cultural heritage that stimulates creative industries. Obviously, it is impossible, and it is not necessary to create two different cities – “for tourists” and “for citizens”. It means that infrastructure, including transport, street network, cafes and restaurants, entertainment and shopping centers, parks and embankments are actively used by both citizens and tourists. Moreover tourists are attracted by the same objects and events that are in demand among local residents. Accordingly, the creation of a comfortable, safe, friendly city environment is a prerequisite for development, both in terms of improving the quality of life of citizens and attracting tourists. Cities are interested in diversifying the offer for tourist and should contribute to the formation of material and unmaterial factors for the active tourism development. Material factors include the corresponding infrastructure, high-quality ecological situation and a number of others. Unmaterial factors are formed on the basis of city culture, one of the values of which is the active way of life. Priority should be given to the development of the infrastructure of safe school routes, stimulating active modes of movement in the daily regime, creating accessible and safe areas for various sports and outdoor activities.

Structural changes in the modern urban lifestyle

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Madina Arif kyzy Mekhdieva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Historical Nature

The article deals with the issues of urban settlements and urban lifestyle from the point of view of structural changes under the influence of transformational processes in the development of productive forces, tools and means of production. The author notes the historical nature of this process associated with the geographical environment, resources and migration flows under the influence of the development of capitalist relations. Some peculiarities of lifestyle in Baku as a city with an ancient history, with a number of characteristic features of a distinctive way of life, combining the traditions of several generations and different civilizations, are analyzed.

scholarly journals Hong Kong’s Elusive Identity: Searching in the Past, Present, and Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Historic Structures ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Heritage Industry ◽  
Hearts And Minds

Hong Kong is adrift between its British colonial past and its upcoming political reunification with the ancestral Chinese motherland. Hong Kong has endured a prolonged identity crisis in recent years, as it struggles to reconcile conflicts between its transnational worldview and the cultural identity, or Chineseness, of its majority population. A growing wave of nostalgia for the colonial era has frustrated Beijing’s efforts to win the hearts and minds of Hongkongers. This essay analyzes how Hong Kong’s distinctive local character is reflected in several socio-cultural arenas: the heritage industry, filmmaking, efforts to preserve historic structures and intangible heritage, public education, and tourism. With reunification on the horizon, Hongkongers want to assert an independent cultural identity but still seem to exist at the “intersection of different spaces”.

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