History and Representations of Otherness in Idris ʿAli’s al-Nubi and Bahaʾ Tahir’s Sunset Oasis

Author(s):  
Mary Youssef

Al-Nubi and Sunset Oasis re-write the past experiences of Nubian and Amazigh minorities with postcolonial and colonial institutions, respectively, to reveal their unjust policies of “differentiation” and/or eradication of difference. The novels depict critical and dynamic areas of interaction and tension among their racially and culturally diverse characters, on one level, and among the allegedly homogenous Nubian and Amazigh communities, on the other, to disrupt essentialist perceptions of these significant groups. The distinct character of each novel lies in what Walter Benjamin describes as the authors’ “craftsmanship” and ability to draw from experience, theirs or others’, in storytelling. The chapter identifies that ᶜAli treats Nubian subordination from a shaᶜbi/public writer’s position, while Tahir adopts an intellectual’s stance in addressing the Amazigh’s. It examines how ᶜAli’s and Tahir’s commonality of goal and critical perspective, yet difference in treating state marginalization of both Nubians and Amazigh translate in their unique aesthetic choices.

2012 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Valeria Giordano

The words of modern narrators help bring to surface the contradictions and conflicts typical of the metropolis, transforming it into a sort of cultural instrument that reads the different languages, images and forms of life that it is defined by. The crisis of perception of space and time, the difficulty of using a language that is able to give meaning, the shattering of personal identity, all make it hard to accumulate experiences and transform them into stories to pass on. The only way to start a relationship with the other and with the world is, as Charles Baudelaire and Walter Benjamin state, the moment of choc, the moment lived and that cannot be transmitted. The urgency is to not become a prisoner of the nostalgia for the past, but to make the irreparable oppositions that affect the metropolis productive.


Author(s):  
Alexander Kluge

This chapter looks at the dialogue between Prof. Dr. Burkhardt Lindner, editor of the Benjamin Handbook, and Alexander Kluge wherein they talked about Walter Benjamin's Arcades Project (1982). According to his exposé of 1939, Walter Benjamin divided Arcades Project into six parts and called the first “Arcades,” the second “Panoramas,” and the next “World Expositions.” And then came “Interiors,” “Streets,” and then finally “Barricades.” He wrote his exposé incidentally in the present tense such that it did not appear like a story from the past, but rather as if he were an eyewitness of something taking place now. He then assigned a figure to each of these six keywords such that there was within Benjamin's imagination one person who did, planned, or achieved something, on the one hand, and an object world naturally far more powerful, on the other. Lindner and Kluge also considers Benjamin's anthropological materialism.


2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Laura Izarra

Resumo: Este ensaio apresenta a Literatura como um novo local, um espaço translocal, que consiste em vários espaços fraturados e conectados de conhecimentos. Usando como metáfora a escultura do artista irlandês Rowan Gillespie Looking for Orion analisarei como essa interconexão de espaços abre novos caminhos de representações literárias que compreendem não só as contradições internas da modernização (Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer), mas também outras formas de irregularidade e estranhamento que revelam estados da mente específicos não familiares com a racionalização. Ultrapassando as fronteiras dos textos literários na interface com língua, pintura, música, cinema e multimídia, farei uma re-visão dos velhos dramas sociais mundiais, como a fome, a migração e o nacionalismo desde um ponto de vista crítico multi-axial em que a literatura já é um espaço translocal institucional. É o espaço da memória e da imaginação que re-conta narrativas cosmopolitanas suspensas e mitos que estão abertos ao passado e ao presente. A arte da escrita se encontra num ponto de mutação ao interrogar “a imagem ‘eterna’ do passado” (Walter Benjamin), questões de identidade e subjetividade. Analisarei três contos como exemplo de confluência cosmopolitana: “Hunger” (1928) do escritor irlandês James Stephens, “Hunger” (1997) da escritora indiana Kamala Markandaya, e “The Chandelier” (2002) do escitor libanês-americano Gregory Orfaela.Palavras-chave: literatura; espaço translocal; leitura crítica multi-axial.Abstract: This essay discusses Literature as a new kind of location, a trans-location consisting of fractured and variously connected spaces of knowledges. Taking Rowan Gillespie’s sculpture “Looking for Orion” as a metaphorical starting point, I argue how that interconnection of spaces opens up alternative ways of literary representations that will apprehend not only the internal contradictions of modernization (Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer) but also other forms of unevenness and strangeness that disclose specific states of mind unfamiliar with rationalization. Moving beyond the edge of literary texts at the interface of language, painting, music, cinema, and multimedia sources, I would like to re-vision old world social dramas, such as the famine, migration, and nationalism from a multi-axial critical perspective in which literature is already an institutional translocation. It is the space of memory and imagination that retells cosmopolitan suspended narratives and myths that are open both to the past and the present. The art of writing is brought to a turning point questioning “the ‘eternal’ image of the past” (Walter Benjamin), issues of identity and subjectivity. I analyse three short stories as an example of cosmopolitan confluence: James Stephens’s “Hunger” (1928), Kamala Markandaya’s “Hunger” (1997) and George Orfaela’s “The Chandelier” (2002).Keywords: literature; translocation; multi-axial critical reading.


Author(s):  
Alessio Porrino ◽  
Alessandro Volpi

This article aims at reflecting on the political significance of distinct conceptions of temporality and their symbolic representation in the work of Walter Benjamin. In particular, the “clock” and the “calendar” will be addressed as symbols of, respectively, a linear and homogeneous conception of time and of a cyclical, uneven – and potentially revolutionary – temporality. The conception of time symbolized by clocks is criticized by Benjamin as a bourgeois understanding of progress, which inhibits revolutionary tensions in society by shifting the political focus on future, on the inevitability of progress and growth; on the other hand, calendars’ and ancient cyclical festivals’ temporality constantly looks at the past, celebrating and re-actualizing the memory of previous revolutionary attempts. In the last section, the article will consider the role of symbols and allegories in Benjamin’s philosophical writing, casting new light on the previous discussion.


Author(s):  
Nicola Bellini

Based on one year of intensive interaction with and feedback from practitioners, this paper provides a twofold contribution of a conceptual nature. On the one hand, it attempts to clarify the nature of the crisis in comparison with the past experiences. On the other hand, with reference to the literature on dynamic capabilities, it outlines, in an ideal-typical way, two diverging and co-existing (and therefore conflicting) perspectives of the recovery process that are summarized in – respectively – the “back to normal” and the “new normal” discourses.


Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).


Author(s):  
Prakash Rao

Image shifts in out-of-focus dark field images have been used in the past to determine, for example, epitaxial relationships in thin films. A recent extension of the use of dark field image shifts has been to out-of-focus images in conjunction with stereoviewing to produce an artificial stereo image effect. The technique, called through-focus dark field electron microscopy or 2-1/2D microscopy, basically involves obtaining two beam-tilted dark field images such that one is slightly over-focus and the other slightly under-focus, followed by examination of the two images through a conventional stereoviewer. The elevation differences so produced are usually unrelated to object positions in the thin foil and no specimen tilting is required.In order to produce this artificial stereo effect for the purpose of phase separation and identification, it is first necessary to select a region of the diffraction pattern containing more than just one discrete spot, with the objective aperture.


2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Al-Hamarneh

At least 50 per cent of the population of Jordan is of Palestinian origin. Some 20 per cent of the registered refugees live in ten internationally organized camps, and another 20 per cent in four locally organized camps and numerous informal camps. The camps organized by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) play a major role in keeping Palestinian identity alive. That identity reflects the refugees' rich cultural traditions, political activities, as well as their collective memory, and the distinct character of each camp. Over the past two decades integration of the refugees within Jordanian society has increased. This paper analyses the transformation of the identity of the camp dwellers, as well as their spatial integration in Jordan, and other historical and contemporary factors contributing to this transformation.


2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Alexander Carpenter

This paper explores Arnold Schoenberg’s curious ambivalence towards Haydn. Schoenberg recognized Haydn as an important figure in the German serious music tradition, but never closely examined or clearly articulated Haydn’s influence and import on his own musical style and ethos, as he did with many other major composers. This paper argues that Schoenberg failed to explicitly recognize Haydn as a major influence because he saw Haydn as he saw himself, namely as a somewhat ungainly, paradoxical figure, with one foot in the past and one in the future. In his voluminous writings on music, Haydn is mentioned by Schoenberg far less frequently than Bach, Mozart, or Beethoven, and his music appears rarely as examples in Schoenberg’s theoretical texts. When Schoenberg does talk about Haydn’s music, he invokes — with tacit negativity — its accessibility, counterpoising it with more recondite music, such as Beethoven’s, or his own. On the other hand, Schoenberg also praises Haydn for his complex, irregular phrasing and harmonic exploration. Haydn thus appears in Schoenberg’s writings as a figure invested with ambivalence: a key member of the First Viennese triumvirate, but at the same time he is curiously phantasmal, and is accorded a peripheral place in Schoenberg’s version of the canon and his own musical genealogy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kempe Ronald Hope

Countries with positive per capita real growth are characterised by positive national savings—including government savings, increases in government investment, and strong increases in private savings and investment. On the other hand, countries with negative per capita real growth tend to be characterised by declines in savings and investment. During the past several decades, Kenya’s emerging economy has undergone many changes and economic performance has been epitomised by periods of stability, decline, or unevenness. This article discusses and analyses the record of economic performance and public finance in Kenya during the period 1960‒2010, as well as policies and other factors that have influenced that record in this emerging economy. 


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