The Peasant and the Mingong: From Empathy to Sympathy to Looking Back

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-83
Author(s):  
Corey Kai Nelson Schultz

Chapter 2 examines the representation of the figure of the peasant and its contemporary incarnation as migrant workers (mingong). It analyzes the structures of feeling of empathy and hope that concretize around the mingong figure in these films, but also explores the sense of precariousness related to this figure in the more recent films, and how the figure has been made subaltern, wretched, and rootless. It examines two cinematic forms associated with this figure – the point-of-view (POV) shot and the observational shot – positing that the POV evokes empathy while the observational shot creates sympathy. Then, it focuses on the mingong mass that replaces the individual mingong, arguing that the mingong have been commodified and made expendable. It concludes with a cinematic form associated with this group – the mingong gaze, which exists as a reminder, watching and, in its presence, remaining, demanding that the viewer acknowledge the mingong and their current state.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Ismailova ◽  
S. V. Kosikov ◽  
V. E. Wolfengagen ◽  
J. V. Mazurova

The paper considers the problem of conceptual modeling of the domains, in which a large number of changes takes place, possesses a number of specific features. Some of the features are connected to the nature of the ongoing changes. The problem becomes severe when the domain contains a large quantity of independently acting agents that can produce changes in various parts of the model, the sets of interrelated data being changed by different agents independently.Besides that, when supporting the dynamic nature models the possibilities of future changes in model objects might largely be deter- mined not only by their current state, but also by the past state - history of the objects in the model. The support to such history inside the current state of the object can be difficult, cumbersome or impractical for other reasons, which also stimulates the search for new ap- proaches to ensure the map of the changes of objects in the domain model.It is offered to receive the decision by single out the individual information identities, that can be called state trajectories from the con- ceptual point of view and object traces from the implementation point of view. They represent a sequence of changes in the state of mod- el objects essential for its support. The traces can fix not all changes of the corresponding objects, but only those which have an influence on the further behavior of the model. Various ways of supporting of traces are considered. The paper presents an approach to the deter- mination and the support to the traces, based on using a combination of methods of the intensional logic and applicative computational systems. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Marzanna Farnicka ◽  
Jonathan Chumas

Over 40 years ago the French Research Committee on Violence, Crime and Delinquency published a document that contained current analyses on the occurrence of social problems and their determinants, as well as guidelines to reduce risks and reduce the sense of threat and insecurity in modern society. The document became the basis for the reflection on public debate on violence in international communities and psychological practice against violence in both interpersonal and wider social relations. The combination of the individual and the social perspective gives a chance to criticise and rethink the guidelines suggested by the Committee from the point of view of such issues as community responsibility, individual rights and the current state in psychological and social care against violence. Special attention was paid to ten recommendations.


Author(s):  
Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera ◽  
Marian Montes-Martínez

The first time that terms such as food addiction and addictive eating were mentioned was in 1956, in an article by T.G. Randolph. Recently, from a psychosomatic point of view, some authors have linked obesity and food addiction. Along with the concept of food addiction (derived from the similarities between the consumption of certain foods and “substance addictions”), a couple of questions seem to arise: What if it’s not just the particular food (the substance) that we are addicted to? Could it be that we are addicted to something else that makes us eat it? Thus, the concept of eating addiction has its own set of particulars. It brings the attention back to the individual and not the external substance (the food or ingredient). The focus on confronting the obesity problem should be moved away from the food itself (the addictive substance) to the person’s act of eating (the addictive behavior). Undoubtedly, there are many links between emotions and overweight/obesity. This chapter aims to review the current state of this field of study which is the emotional basis of obesity (at least a particular case of obesity and weight-related disorders).


Author(s):  
T. Ivanyukha

<div><p><em>The article deals with the latest phenomenon of advocacy journalism. Given the insufficient research in journalistic scientific discourse, the lack of the term definition, the uncertainty of the features and conditions of successful functioning, the topic is relevant. As a result of considering the works of international and Ukrainian journalistic experts, analyzing the media activity of international journalists, a systematized concept of journalism as advocacy is formulated. Methods, functions, topics, principles of interaction with the character and genre parameters of advocacy media activity are considered as defining characteristics.</em></p></div><p><em>The article defines such methods of advocacy journalist work as actualization of problems, provision of information, investigation, expression of alternative point of view on problems, «human stories», forecasting. It was found that the topics covers the most pressing problems, including poverty, inequality, corruption, fertility, urbanization, and religiosity.</em></p><p><em>As functional characteristics are considered the depiction of burning aspects of daily life, the development of civic qualities of the individual, the defense of human rights, the formation of effective-positive affirmations, the resolution of practical tasks and problematic situations.</em></p><p><em>The considered examples of human rights advocacy media texts of international production allow to claim that advocacy journalism of the beginning of the ХХІ century is a multivector, polythematic, multifunctional meta-genre. Due to their broad problem-thematic coverage, humanistic pathos, human rights defenders-journalists today do not simply state facts and inform the national or global public about incurable social diseases, but comprehensively consider their etiology and current state, stimulate legislative, institutional and community activities on settling the acute issues of humankind, mobilize society to find ways to solve them.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> advocacy journalism, mass media, meta-genre, journalism as human rights defense, the latest media practices.</em></p>


Author(s):  
E.G. Khomyakov

The article provides a summary review of individual scientific works, the authors of which consider the issues of formation and development of judicial handwriting in the USSR and the Russian Federation, note the individual stages of this development and offer various characteristics of the current stage, which is the domestic judicial handwriting. Based on the analysis of these works, the author offers his own point of view about the stages (periods) of development of judicial handwriting in Russia, individual problems that occur in this branch of forensic expertise, and ways to resolve them. The idea of revising the theoretical foundations of judicial handwriting is proposed. According to the author, a handwriting object should be considered as a physical and mathematical model that describes this object in dynamics - in the process of its execution. There is also a need to assess the scientific and reliability of the qualitative and descriptive method used in forensic handwriting expertise.


1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 518-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sauquet ◽  
M.-C. Jaulent ◽  
E. Zapletal ◽  
M. Lavril ◽  
P. Degoulet

AbstractRapid development of community health information networks raises the issue of semantic interoperability between distributed and heterogeneous systems. Indeed, operational health information systems originate from heterogeneous teams of independent developers and have to cooperate in order to exchange data and services. A good cooperation is based on a good understanding of the messages exchanged between the systems. The main issue of semantic interoperability is to ensure that the exchange is not only possible but also meaningful. The main objective of this paper is to analyze semantic interoperability from a software engineering point of view. It describes the principles for the design of a semantic mediator (SM) in the framework of a distributed object manager (DOM). The mediator is itself a component that should allow the exchange of messages independently of languages and platforms. The functional architecture of such a SM is detailed. These principles have been partly applied in the context of the HEllOS object-oriented software engineering environment. The resulting service components are presented with their current state of achievement.


2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Н. В. Фрадкіна

The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-563
Author(s):  
Adam Burley

This is a personal and reflective piece written from a clinician's point of view on the influence that the developing awareness around the consequences of childhood adversity has had upon the discussions, thinking and practice across the areas in which they are working. It seeks to argue that the increased understanding and recognition of the potential impact of early adversity can not only enhance and deepen the understanding of an individual's difficulties, but can serve to inform how services respond in a way that takes account of this. It suggests that the research and literature on childhood adversity can offer a route map away from a model of mental health that focuses predominantly on the individual as the sole source of interest.


Author(s):  
Zuzana Kvetanová

The submitted study addresses the topic of the current state of the opinion journalism and its genres in the Slovak periodical press. The author draws attention to the question of classification of the opinion journalism of a rational and emotional type from the genre categorization point of view and, simultaneously, reflects on its application in the present journalistic practice. This brings a certain rate of confrontation between the defined theoretical premises and their subsequent practical (non-)implementation. The main objective of the study is to clarify the presence of genres of analytical and literary opinion journalism stated by media theory in the environment of the Slovak periodicals. Presentation of the basic terminological axis and the related explication of journalism genres included in the opinion journalism constitute the secondary objectives of the paper. For the purposes of achieving the set objectives, the author uses methods of logical analysis of text in combination with discourse analysis. Similarly, she predicts the evident presence of the phenomenon of hybridization in the Slovak journalistic practice.


2020 ◽  

BACKGROUND: This paper deals with territorial distribution of the alcohol and drug addictions mortality at a level of the districts of the Slovak Republic. AIM: The aim of the paper is to explore the relations within the administrative territorial division of the Slovak Republic, that is, between the individual districts and hence, to reveal possibly hidden relation in alcohol and drug mortality. METHODS: The analysis is divided and executed into the two fragments – one belongs to the female sex, the other one belongs to the male sex. The standardised mortality rate is computed according to a sequence of the mathematical relations. The Euclidean distance is employed to compute the similarity within each pair of a whole data set. The cluster analysis examines is performed. The clusters are created by means of the mutual distances of the districts. The data is collected from the database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for all the districts of the Slovak Republic. The covered time span begins in the year 1996 and ends in the year 2015. RESULTS: The most substantial point is that the Slovak Republic possesses the regional disparities in a field of mortality expressed by the standardised mortality rate computed particularly for the diagnoses assigned to the alcohol and drug addictions at a considerably high level. However, the female sex and the male sex have the different outcome. The Bratislava III District keeps absolutely the most extreme position. It forms an own cluster for the both sexes too. The Topoľčany District bears a similar extreme position from a point of view of the male sex. All the Bratislava districts keep their mutual notable dissimilarity. Contrariwise, evaluation of a development of the regional disparities among the districts looks like notably heterogeneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable regional discrepancies throughout the districts of the Slovak Republic. Hence, it is necessary to create a common platform how to proceed with the solution of this issue.


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