Smugglers

Author(s):  
David Gutman

This Chapter explores the emergence of dense networks of migrant smuggling in response to the efforts of the Ottoman state to enforce the ban on Armenian migration to North America. It shows how these networks formed very shortly after the imposition of the ban, and until the lifting of the ban in 1908, assisting the travel of thousands of Armenian migrants from their home communities in the Anatolian interior to various port cities on the Black and Mediterranean Sea coasts and on to steamships bound for European transit ports. It also provides insight into the diverse set of actors that comprised these networks and coordinated them across vast stretches of time and space. The Chapter also draws parallels between the dynamics that drove clandestine migration in the late Ottoman period with those that drive the same phenomenon in the present.

Geology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Torgersen ◽  
S. Drenkard ◽  
M. Stute ◽  
P. Schlosser ◽  
A. Shapiro

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Samayam ◽  
Valentina Laface ◽  
Sannasiraj Sannasi Annamalaisamy ◽  
Felice Arena ◽  
Sundar Vallam ◽  
...  

Abstract. Extreme waves influence coastal engineering activities and have an immense geophysical implication. Therefore, their study, observation and extreme wave prediction are decisive for planning of mitigation measures against natural coastal hazards, ship routing, design of coastal and offshore structures. In this study, the estimates of design wave heights associated with return period of 30 and 100 years are dealt with in detail. The design wave height is estimated based on four different models to obtain a general and reliable model. Different locations are considered to perform the analysis: four sites in Indian waters (two each in Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea), one in the Mediterranean Sea and two in North America (one each in North Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Maine). For the Indian water domain, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global atmospheric reanalysis ERA-Interim wave hindcast data covering a period of 36 years have been utilized for this purpose. For the locations in Mediterranean Sea and North America, both ERA-Interim wave hindcast and buoy data are considered. The reasons for the variation in return value estimates of the ERA-Interim data and the buoy data using different estimation models are assessed in detail.


Author(s):  
Mark A Gregory

Papers in the December 2018 issue of the Journal include discussion on 5G security, what’s next for the National Broadband Network, a technical paper on the conflicts in routing and UAV autonomy, HTTP traffic flow load balancing and an insight into how the use of location information affects privacy. The history of Australian telecommunications paper on impressions of an overseas visit by a lines engineer provides an insight into how knowledge transfer improves with the opportunity to study telecommunications in Europe, North America and Australia. The Journal welcomes contributions.


Author(s):  
Mark A Gregory

Papers in the December 2018 issue of the Journal include discussion on 5G security, what’s next for the National Broadband Network, a technical paper on the conflicts in routing and UAV autonomy, HTTP traffic flow load balancing and an insight into how the use of location information affects privacy. The history of Australian telecommunications paper on impressions of an overseas visit by a lines engineer provides an insight into how knowledge transfer improves with the opportunity to study telecommunications in Europe, North America and Australia. The Journal welcomes contributions.


PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9775
Author(s):  
Brent Adrian ◽  
Patricia A. Holroyd ◽  
J. Howard Hutchison ◽  
KE Beth Townsend

Background Anosteira pulchra is one of two species of the obligately-aquatic freshwater clade Carettochelyidae (pig-nosed turtles) from the Eocene of North America. Anosteira pulchra is typically rare in collections, and their distribution is poorly documented. The Uinta Formation [Fm.] contains a diverse assemblage of turtles from the Uintan North American Land Mammal Age. Whereas turtles are abundantly preserved in the Uinta Fm., A. pulchra has been reported only from a few specimens in the Uinta C Member. Methods We describe new records of Anosteira pulchra from the Uinta Basin and analyze the distribution of 95 specimens from multiple repositories in the previously published stratigraphic framework of the middle and upper Uinta Fm. Results Here we report the first records of the species from the Uinta B interval, document it from multiple levels within the stratigraphic section and examine its uncommon appearance in only approximately 5% of localities where turtles have been systematically collected. This study details and extends the range of A. pulchra in the Uinta Fm. and demonstrates the presence of the taxon in significantly lower stratigraphic layers. These newly described fossils include previously unknown elements and associated trace fossils, with new anatomical information presented. This study provides insight into the taxonomy of Anosteira spp. in the middle Eocene, and suggests the presence of a single species, though no synonymy is defined here due to limits in Bridger material.


Author(s):  
Mohammed Bashir Salau

The two versions of the autobiography that Nicholas Said published offer insight into 19th-century conditions in five continents as well as insight into life as a child, slave, manservant, and teacher. As a child in the 1830s, Said was enslaved in Borno, marched across the Sahara Desert, and passed from hand to hand in North Africa and the Middle East. After serving as a slave in various societies, Said was freed by a Russian aristocrat in the late 1850s after accompanying the aristocrat in question to various parts of Europe. In the 1850s, Said also traveled as a manservant for a European traveler to South and North America. Ultimately he settled in the United States, where he authored two versions of his autobiography, served as a teacher and soldier, got married, and disappeared from sight. This article compares the two versions of the autobiography that Said published, provides an overview of Said’s life, charts the development of scholarly works on Said, and draws attention to the primary sources related to the study of Said and his autobiography.


10.34690/03 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
А.И. Демченко

Будучи одним из самых самобытных музыкантов начала ХХ века, Комитас претворил в своем искусстве ряд характерных для этого времени художественных идей, наиболее примечательные из которых связаны с музыкальным фольклоризмом и с понятием хронотопа. Блистательное композиторское мастерство Комитаса выводило его очень далеко за пределы привычных представлений о жанре фольклорной обработки. Глубокое проникновение в дух и законы родной музыкальной речи позволяло ему широко применять методы полифонической обработки народных мелодий, активно развивать фактуру сопровождения, которая в ряде случае приобретала самостоятельную художественную ценность. Самобытность песен и хоров Комитаса в ряде случаев определяется связью с восточным миросозерцанием, для которого в сравнении с европейским менталитетом характерно особое восприятие времени и пространства. При этом наибольший интерес представляют те образцы, где раскрывается сопричастность к категориям всеобщей материи и вечности. Особенно широко представлено в творчестве Комитаса погружение в природную сферу с растворением в ней человеческого начала. Восхождение к надвременным категориям композитор чаще всего совершает, когда делает основой сочинений фольклорные мелодии, пришедшие из толщи времен и запечатлевшие в себе устойчивые, коренные черты народного характера. Особым достижением Комитаса является то, что он не ограничивается претворением пантеистического и надвременного как отдельных сущностей. В ряде сочинений композитор дает их в соединении, чему опять-таки способствовали особенности восточного понимания хронотопа. Being one of the most original musicians of the early 20th century, Komitas has put into his art a number of typical for this time of artistic ideas, the most notable of which are associated with the musical folklorism and with the concept of the chronotope. His brilliant compositional skills took him far beyond the usual ideas about the genre of folklore processing. A deep insight into the spirit and laws of his native musical speech allowed him to widely apply the methods of polyphonic processing of folk melodies, actively develop the texture of accompaniment, which in some cases acquired an independent artistic value. The identity of Komitass songs and choirs is in some cases determined by the connection with the Eastern worldview, which is characterized by a special perception of time and space in comparison with the European mentality. At the same time, the most interesting are the samples, which reveal participation in the categories of universal matter and eternity. Especially widely represented in the works of Komitas deep immersion in the natural sphere with the dissolution of the human principle in it. The ascent to supra-temporal categories the composer often does, when making the basis of the works of folk tunes, came from strata of the times and depicting in a sustainable, indigenous features of the national character. A special achievement of Komitas is that it is not limited to the implementation of the pantheistic and supra-temporal as separate entities. In a number of works the composer gives them in conjunction, which again contributed to the features of the Eastern understanding of the chronotope.


2019 ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Richard Togman

Chapter 11 concludes the book and reflects on the lessons that can be learned from a holistic overview of the past three hundred years of governments’ attempts to manipulate the fertility of their populations. Reiterating the fundamentally discursive nature of the meaning of birth, fertility, and population growth to our societies allows for reflective insight into the nature of state attempts to manipulate the decision by millions of individuals about whether to reproduce. The global comparative perspective in both time and space, the identification and typologization of the five main discursive frames, and the rooting of the analysis in the discursive terrain allow the major questions of who, what, when, where, and why regarding government efforts to control the reproductive powers of the population and the creation of a sexual duty to the state to be answered.


2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo B. Ferreira ◽  
Colin M. Callahan ◽  
Sharon A. Poessel ◽  
Karen H. Beard

Context According to the tens rule, 10% of introduced species establish themselves. Aims We tested this component of the tens rule for amphibians and reptiles globally, in Europe and North America, where data are presumably of good quality, and on islands versus continents. We also tested whether there was a taxonomic difference in establishment success between amphibians and reptiles. Methods We examined data comprising 206 successful and 165 failed introduction records for 161 species of amphibians to 55 locations, and 560 successful and 641 failed introduction records for 469 species of reptiles to 116 locations around the world. Key results Globally, establishment success was not different between amphibians (67%) and reptiles (62%). Both means were well above the 10% value predicted by the tens rule. In Europe and North America, establishment success was lower, although still higher than 10%. For reptiles, establishment success was higher on islands than on continents. Our results question the tens rule and do not show taxonomic differences in establishment success. Implications Similar to studies on other taxa (birds and mammals), we found that establishment success was generally above 40%. This suggests that we should focus management on reducing the number of herptile species introduced because both reptiles and amphibians have a high likelihood of establishing. As data collection on invasions continue, testing establishment success in light of other factors, including propagule pressure, climate matching and taxonomic classifications, may provide additional insight into which species are most likely to establish in particular areas.


Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D’Cruze ◽  
Sophie Khan ◽  
Gemma Carder ◽  
David Megson ◽  
Emma Coulthard ◽  
...  

We provide an initial insight into the occurrence and characteristics of animal-visitor interactions (AVIs) involving captive wild animals within zoos and aquaria. Using information provided online via official public websites of modern zoos and aquaria, we found that AVIs were provided by the majority of facilities. Our study revealed that a variety of AVI types were being offered. Globally, petting captive wild animals was the most prevalent AVI type advertised (n = 1241 observations, 43% (534) of facilities) and Mammalia was the most advertised taxonomic class (n = 5142; 53% (2739)). We found certain AVI types that were more commonly offered than predicted. These were opportunities to: (1) Hand feed captive wild animals in Asia, North America and Oceania; (2) ride wild animals in Europe and North America; (3) walk with or swim through wild animal enclosures in Asia; and (4) walk with wild animals in Asia and Europe. Given the global prevalence of AVIs in modern zoos and aquaria, and an apparent lack of animal welfare focused research, we provide recommendations to help effectively balance and manage captive wild animal welfare with other primary interconnected goals.


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