Thermosemiotics of hands. Neuropathic disorders in thermotopography of hands

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
M. G. Volovik ◽  
I. M. Dolgov
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Thermal Pattern ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Imaging Signs ◽  
Neurological Pathology

Central and peripheral neurological pathology, which affects the thermal pattern and thermoreactions of the hands, is diverse both in etiology and pathogenesis, and in the nature and severity of thermal imaging signs, depending on the localization, severity and duration of the disease, individual adaptive and compensatory features, and a number of other reasons. The variants of the temperature distribution on the surface of the hands and its changes under the influence of specialized functional tests in injuries and diseases of the peripheral nerves of the upper limb, as well as in disorders of segmental and suprasegmental genesis, studied with the help of thermal imaging, are the subject of this article.

Compression neuropathies of the forearm: anatomy, clinical features and management

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alexander Scarborough ◽  
Robert J MacFarlane ◽  
Michail Klontzas ◽  
Rui Zhou ◽  
Mohammad Waseem
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Permanent Damage ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Lesions ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

The upper limb consists of four major parts: a girdle formed by the clavicle and scapula, the arm, the forearm and the hand. Peripheral nerve lesions of the upper limb are divided into lesions of the brachial plexus or the nerves arising from it. Lesions of the nerves arising from the brachial plexus are further divided into upper (proximal) or lower (distal) lesions based on their location. Peripheral nerves in the forearm can be compressed in various locations and by a wide range of pathologies. A thorough understanding of the anatomy and clinical presentations of these compression neuropathies can lead to prompt diagnosis and management, preventing possible permanent damage. This article discusses the aetiology, anatomy, clinical presentation and surgical management of compressive neuropathies of the upper limb.

Non-uniform temperature distribution of the main reflector of a large radio telescope under solar radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Shan-Xiang Wei ◽  
De-Qing Kong ◽  
Qi-Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Large Radio Telescope ◽  
Uniform Temperature Distribution ◽  
Uniform Temperature Field ◽  
Main Reflector

Abstract The non-uniform temperature distribution of the main reflector of a large radio telescope may cause serious deformation of the main reflector, which will dramatically reduce the aperture efficiency of a radio telescope. To study the non-uniform temperature field of the main reflector of a large radio telescope, numerical calculations including thermal environment factors, the coefficients on convection and radiation, and the shadow boundary of the main reflector are first discussed. In addition, the shadow coverage and the non-uniform temperature field of the main reflector of a 70-m radio telescope under solar radiation are simulated by finite element analysis. The simulation results show that the temperature distribution of the main reflector under solar radiation is very uneven, and the maximum of the root mean square temperature is 12.3°C. To verify the simulation results, an optical camera and a thermal imaging camera are used to measure the shadow coverage and the non-uniform temperature distribution of the main reflector on a clear day. At the same time, some temperature sensors are used to measure the temperature at some points close to the main reflector on the backup structure. It has been verified that the simulation and measurement results of the shadow coverage on the main reflector are in good agreement, and the cosine similarity between the simulation and the measurement is above 90%. Despite the inevitable thermal imaging errors caused by large viewing angles, the simulated temperature field is similar to the measured temperature distribution of the main reflector to a large extent. The temperature trend measured at the test points on the backup structure close to the main reflector without direct solar radiation is consistent with the simulated temperature trend of the corresponding points on the main reflector with the solar radiation. It is credible to calculate the temperature field of the main reflector through the finite element method. This work can provide valuable references for studying the thermal deformation and the surface accuracy of the main reflector of a large radio telescope.

The Validation of Measures of Outcome Following Suture of Divided Peripheral Nerves Supplying the Hand

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
D. MARSH
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Nerve Suture ◽  
Classic Paper

Erik Moberg pioneered the idea of validating measures of sensory function following peripheral nerve suture by correlating their results with those of functional tests. However it is important that powerful prior variables (age at suture, time elapsed since suture and delay between injury and suture) be controlled. Failure to do this may result in spurious correlations, as illustrated by analysis of two sets of data, one collected by the author and the other given in the classic paper of Önne (1962).

scholarly journals Is Thermal Imaging a Useful Predictor of the Healing Status of Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcers? A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-567
Author(s):  
Behzad Aliahmad ◽  
Aye Nyein Tint ◽  
Sridhar Poosapadi Arjunan ◽  
Priya Rani ◽  
Dinesh Kant Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Reduction In Area

Introduction: In clinical practice, both area and temperature of the ulcer have been shown to be effective in tracking the healing status of diabetes-related foot ulcer (DRFU). However, traditionally, the area of the DRFU is measured regardless of the temperature distribution. The current prospective, observational study used thermal imaging, as a more accurate tool, to measure both the area and the temperature of DRFU. We aimed to predict healing of DRFU using thermal imaging within the first 4 weeks of ulceration. Method: A pilot study was conducted where thermal and color images of 26 neuropathic DRFUs (11 healing vs 15 nonhealing) from individuals with type 1 or 2 diabetes were taken at the initial clinic visit (baseline), at week 2, and at week 4. The thermal images were segmented into isothermal patches to identify the wound boundary and area corresponding to temperature distribution. Five parameters were obtained: temperature of the wound bed, area of the isothermal patch of the wound bed, area of isothermal patch of periwound, number of isolated isothermal patches of the wound region, and physical wound bed area from color image. The ulcers were also measured by experienced podiatrists over 4 consecutive weeks and used as the healing reference. Results: For healing cases, the ratio of the area of the wound bed to its baseline measured using thermal images was found to be significantly lower at 2 weeks compared to nonhealing cases and this corresponded with a 50% reduction in area of DRFU at 4 weeks (group rank-based nonparametric analysis of variance P = .036). In comparison, neither the planimetric area measured using color images nor the temperature of the wound bed was associated with the healing. Conclusion: This study of 26 patients demonstrates that change in the isothermal area of DRFU can predict the healing status at week 4. Thermal imaging of DRFUs has the advantage of incorporating both area and temperature allowing for early prediction of the healing of these ulcers. Further studies with greater sample sizes are required to test the significance of these results.

scholarly journals Clinical lecture on the pre-certification cycle of doctors on the specialty "General practice-family medicine" on the subject "Mononeuropathy (Neuritis and Neuralgia) and Plexopathy (Plexitis and Plexaglia): etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnostics, t

2017 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
V. Sereda ◽  
N. Svyrydova ◽  
I. Dovgiy
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Clinical Lecture

Neuralgia and neuritis (plexitis) are lesions of the peripheral nerves caused by hypothermia, infection, trauma, intoxication, and metabolic disorders. Neuralgia is characterized by pain arising along the course of a nerve or its branches. Neuritis is accompanied by sensitivity disorders, trophic disorders, paresis and paralysis, as well as those that perceive the nerve impulse (sensitivity) and motor functions. All this is associated with varying degrees of degeneration of nerve fibers until their breakdown.

Nerve Tumours in the Upper Limb a Clinical Review

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-238
Author(s):  
B. J. HOLDSWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Clinical Review ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Peripheral Nerves

Tumours arising from the peripheral nerves in the upper limb are rare. This paper reviews eighteen such cases and the clinical outcome. Problems of pre-operative diagnosis are emphasized.

Development of an Assist-As-Need Controller for an Upper-Limb Exoskeleton With Voluntary Torque Estimate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan T. Chatfield ◽  
Benjamin C. Fortune ◽  
Lachlan R. McKenzie ◽  
Christopher G. Pretty
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Particle Filter ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Patient Participation ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Upper Limb Exoskeleton ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
Active Patient ◽  
The Subject

Abstract This study considers the development of an assist-as-need torque controller for an exoskeleton for stroke rehabilitation. Studies have shown that active patient participation improves the patient’s recovery from stroke. Assist-as-need control, providing the patient with the assistance they need to complete a task, is desirable, as the assistance can be varied to maximise patient participation. However, research is limited, and current methods cannot guarantee optimal assistance as non-zero assistive forces are still provided to subjects that are capable of completing the task unassisted. This study proposes a control system to vary and optimise the assistance for a subject based on their capabilities. A particle filter developed from previous research is used to estimate the subject’s voluntary effort. The assistive torque is determined from a target torque and the voluntary effort. The controller is shown to be effective, as zero assistance is provided to a subject capable of completing the task unassisted. Additionally, the assistance will increase if the subject fatigues. Using the estimate of the subject’s strength, the assistive torque can be accurately set to maximise a patient’s participation, and therefore, the assist-as-need controller can lead to improved therapeutic results.

scholarly journals Selection of the size of field of view in thermal imaging observations of small areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Dziarki ◽  
Arkadiusz Hulewicz ◽  
Zbigniew Krawiecki
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Thermal Imaging Camera ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
Selection Of

The paper explains the effect of matrix resolution on the field of view of a single detector. The dependency of the field of view of a single detector as a function of distance between the lens of thermal imaging camera and the surface observed is shown. It was proposed how to select the lens of thermal imaging camera so that the obtained thermogram it would be able to achieve such a geometric resolution that would allow for sufficiently accurate mapping of temperature distribution on the surface observed.

scholarly journals An investigation of the Temperature Distribution of a Thin Steel Strip during the Quenching Step of a Hardening Process

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouyan Pirouznia ◽  
Nils Å. I. Andersson ◽  
Anders Tilliander ◽  
Pär G. Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Steel Strip ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Significant Temperature

The dimension quality of the strip within the hardening process is an essential parameter, which great attention needs to be paid. The flatness of the final product is influenced by the temperature distribution of the strip, specifically across the width direction. Therefore, based on physical theories, a numerical model was established. The temperature of the strip for the section before the martensitic transformation was objected in the predicted model by using a steady state approach. In addition an infrared thermal imaging camera was applied in the real process in order to validate the results and to improve the boundary conditions of the numerical model. The results revealed that the temperature of strip decreased up to 250 °C within the area between the furnace and the quenching bath. This, in turn, resulted in significant temperature difference across the width of the strip. This difference can be up to 69 °C and 41 °C according to the numerical results and thermal imaging data, respectively. Overall, this study gave a better insight into the cooling step in the hardening process. In addition, this investigation can be used to improve the hardening process as well as an input for future thermal stress investigations.

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