scholarly journals Fast Sonochemical Exfoliation of Hematene type Sheets and Flakes from Hematite Nanoarchitectures Shows Enhanced Photocurrent Density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purvika Agarwal ◽  
Debajeet K. BORA
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Surface State ◽  
Artificial Photosynthesis ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Honeycomb Lattice ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Synthesis Route

<p><a>Here, we describe the exfoliation of 2D Hematene single layer from a Hematite nanoparticle-based nanoarchitectures obtained by a water-mediated synthesis route with the ultrasonication method in a brief period which is 5 min. The Hematene obtained shows the fine structure of honeycomb lattice resembling the Hematite hexagonal crystallographic pattern. Here, we found that the ultrasonicated Hematite film with Hematene flakes shows enhanced current density than the pristine Hematite film which can be extended further to increase the efficiency of well-performing or champion photoanode for the artificial photosynthesis application. Besides this, a new photocurrent transient spike is obtained, which we ascribed as the generation of the sub-surface state by Hematene flakes. Followed by this, we have also deciphered a qualitative predictive mechanism for the fast exfoliation of Hematene in which surface energies and hydroxylation of crystal facets are proposed to be the factor responsible for the quick exfoliation process. </a></p>

scholarly journals Fast Sonochemical Exfoliation of Hematene type Sheets and Flakes from Hematite Nanoarchitectures Shows Enhanced Photocurrent Density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debajeet BORA
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Surface State ◽  
Artificial Photosynthesis ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Honeycomb Lattice ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Synthesis Route

<p><a>Here, we describe the exfoliation of 2D Hematene single layer from a Hematite nanoparticle-based nanoarchitectures obtained by a water-mediated synthesis route with the ultrasonication method in a brief period which is 5 min. The Hematene obtained shows the fine structure of honeycomb lattice resembling the Hematite hexagonal crystallographic pattern. Here, we found that the ultrasonicated Hematite film with Hematene flakes shows enhanced current density than the pristine Hematite film which can be extended further to increase the efficiency of well-performing or champion photoanode for the artificial photosynthesis application. Besides this, a new photocurrent transient spike is obtained, which we ascribed as the generation of the sub-surface state by Hematene flakes. Followed by this, we have also deciphered a qualitative predictive mechanism for the fast exfoliation of Hematene in which surface energies and hydroxylation of crystal facets are proposed to be the factor responsible for the quick exfoliation process. </a></p>

scholarly journals Fast Sonochemical Exfoliation of Hematene type Sheets and Flakes from Hematite Nanoarchitectures Shows Enhanced Photocurrent Density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debajeet BORA
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Surface State ◽  
Artificial Photosynthesis ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Honeycomb Lattice ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Synthesis Route

<p><a>Here, we describe the exfoliation of 2D Hematene single layer from a Hematite nanoparticle-based nanoarchitectures obtained by a water-mediated synthesis route with the ultrasonication method in a brief period which is 5 min. The Hematene obtained shows the fine structure of honeycomb lattice resembling the Hematite hexagonal crystallographic pattern. Here, we found that the ultrasonicated Hematite film with Hematene flakes shows enhanced current density than the pristine Hematite film which can be extended further to increase the efficiency of well-performing or champion photoanode for the artificial photosynthesis application. Besides this, a new photocurrent transient spike is obtained, which we ascribed as the generation of the sub-surface state by Hematene flakes. Followed by this, we have also deciphered a qualitative predictive mechanism for the fast exfoliation of Hematene in which surface energies and hydroxylation of crystal facets are proposed to be the factor responsible for the quick exfoliation process. </a></p>

scholarly journals Graphene-Based Nanosystems: Versatile Nanotools for Theranostics and Bioremediation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Lúcio ◽  
Eduarda Fernandes ◽  
Hugo Gonçalves ◽  
Sofia Machado ◽  
Andreia C. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Honeycomb Lattice ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Imaging Strategy

Since its revolutionary discovery in 2004, graphene— a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial consisting of single-layer carbon atoms packed in a honeycomb lattice— was thoroughly discussed for a broad variety of applications including quantum physics, nanoelectronics, energy efficiency, and catalysis. Graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have also captivated the interest of researchers for innovative biomedical applications since the first publication on the use of graphene as a nanocarrier for the delivery of anticancer drugs in 2008. Today, GBNs have evolved into hybrid combinations of graphene and other elements (e.g., drugs or other bioactive compounds, polymers, lipids, and nanoparticles). In the context of developing theranostic (therapeutic + diagnostic) tools, which combine multiple therapies with imaging strategies to track the distribution of therapeutic agents in the body, the multipurpose character of the GBNs hybrid systems has been further explored. Because each therapy and imaging strategy has inherent advantages and disadvantages, a mixture of complementary strategies is interesting as it will result in a synergistic theranostic effect. The flexibility of GBNs cannot be limited to their biomedical applications and, these nanosystems emerge as a viable choice for an indirect effect on health by their future use as environmental cleaners. Indeed, GBNs can be used in bioremediation approaches alone or combined with other techniques such as phytoremediation. In summary, without ignoring the difficulties that GBNs still present before being deemed translatable to clinical and environmental applications, the purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the remarkable potential of GBNs on health by presenting examples of their versatility as nanotools for theranostics and bioremediation.

scholarly journals High Photocurrent Density and Continuous Electron Emission Characterization of a Multi-Alkali Antimonide Photocathode

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1991
Author(s):  
Jun Dai ◽  
Yikun Ding ◽  
Cunjun Ruan ◽  
Xiangyan Xu ◽  
Hulin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Section Electron

High photocurrent density cathodes that enable small cross-section electron beams are required for high-power terahertz vacuum devices. Multi-alkali antimonide photocathodes may be well suited for generating sub-mm electron beam sources. This paper involves the repeatability, stability, uniformity, and linearity experiments of the multi-alkali antimonide photocathodes electron emission operations under a continuous-wave 450 nm laser with a bias voltage of 5000 V. The effect of heat, electric contact, and cathode surface roughness to emission characterizations is analyzed. The methods to maintain the high-current-density emission and avoid the fatigue of the photocathode are verified. The emission can be repeated with increased optical power. The stable photocurrent density of near 1 A/cm2 and maximum current density of near 1.43 A/cm2 is recorded. The continuous photocurrent density is significantly improved compared to the current density reported in traditional applications. It is found that the current curves measuring at different areas of the photocathode differ greatly after the laser power of 800 mW. The increase in current for some areas may be attributed to the conductive current caused by built-in electric fields between the emission rough area and its adjacent areas.

Strain and pH facilitated artificial photosynthesis in monolayer MoS2 nanosheets

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (42) ◽  
pp. 22265-22276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimple Dimple ◽  
Nityasagar Jena ◽  
Ashima Rawat ◽  
Abir De Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Monolayer Mos2 ◽  
Mos2 Nanosheets ◽  
Artificial Photosynthetic

Strain and pH induced optimization of artificial photosynthetic activity in single layer MoS2.

scholarly journals Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles Coating Layers on Top of ZnO Nanowires for Morphological, Optical, and Photovoltaic Properties of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
W. A. Farooq ◽  
M. I. Khan ◽  
Majid. Niaz. Akhtar ◽  
Saif Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

This paper reports on the synthesis of ZnO nanowires (NWs), as well asthe compound nanostructures of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanowires (NWs+NPs) with different coating layers of NPs on the top of NWs and their integration in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In compound nanostructures, NWs offer direct electrical pathways for fast electron transfer, and the NPs of ZnOdispread and fill the interstices between the NWs of ZnO, offering a huge surface area for enough dye anchoring and promoting light harvesting. A significant photocurrent density of 2.64 mA/cm2 and energy conversion efficiency of 1.43% was obtained with NWs-based DSSCs. The total solar-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of the NWs+a single layer of NPs was found to be 2.28%, with a short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 3.02 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.74 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.76, which is 60% higher than that of NWs cells and over 165% higher than NWs+a triple layer of NPs-based DSSCs. The improved performance was obtained due to the increased specific surface area for higher dye anchoring and light harvesting of compound nanostructures with NWs+a single layer of NPs.

Valence band density of states and X-ray photoelectron spectrum of GaS

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Balzarotti ◽  
R. Girlanda ◽  
V. Grasso ◽  
E. Doni ◽  
F. Antonangeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Valence Band ◽  
Density Of States ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectrum ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimensional Approximation

The valence band density of states of GaS has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the spectrum has been interpreted on the basis of a single layer tight-binding calculation. Our two-dimensional approximation seems largely appropriate to reproduce the main experimental features of the valence band density of states of GaS, as previously found in the case of InSe. It can also explain to some extent the fine structure in the ultraviolet photoemission spectra recently measured with the synchroton radiation.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of mouse BALB/C/Cd polycystic renal disease

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 932-933
Author(s):  
E. Keyhani ◽  
W. Penasse
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Solid Tumor ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distal Tubules ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mouse BALB/C/Cd exhibited spontaneous transplantable kidney adenocarcinoma which affected both sexes and involved both kidneys. This disease is characterized by plain cysts and cysts with single or multiple polyps to solid tumors at various stages of evolution. The fine structure of solid tumor was previously described.Single or multiple (up to 10) cysts were present throughout the cortex parenchyma. Their sizes ranged from 1 to 8 mm in diameter. The cysts occurred from both proximal and distal tubules and were composed of a single layer of cubic-cylindrical epithelial cells. Most cysts exhibited single or multiple focal areas of epithelial polypoid hyperplasia. Single polyps consisted of accumulations of hyperplasic cells piling up on top of each other (Fig. l). The other form consisted of single or multiple branched polyps with a central vascularized core (Fig. 2). The number of cells forming polyps hyperplasia varied between a dozen to up to several hundreds of cells.

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