scholarly journals ANALISIS KINERJA BETON NORMAL DAN BETON DENGAN SEMEN SUBSTITUSI BLAST FURNACE SLAG

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Tri Septa A.D., Qomariah, Akhmad Suryadi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Steel Smelting ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Engineering State ◽  
Furnace Slag

The use of steel smelting waste industry is used to reduce the waste overflow at the site. The waste steel smelting industry called blast furnace slag (BFS) used as a substitution for cement in a concrete mixture in a Laboratory Material Test, Civil Engineering State Polytechnic of Malang. The purpose of this analysis is to: 1) Test the workability of normal concrete and concrete with BFS; 2) Find out compressive strength of each concrete; 3) Compare the price to both concrete in the construction of building.The required data were of gradation of aggregate, water content of aggregate, density of aggregate, absorption of aggregate, bulk density of aggregate, fineness of cement, normal consistency of cement, cement setting time, compressive strength of mortar cement, and the price of building materials Surabaya 2016. SNI 03-2834-2000 method was applied with variations BFS substitute of cement are 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30% BFS and the planned compressive strength obtained at 28 days of 300 kg/cm2.The analyses result in 1) The workability of each concrete: 5.75cm of normal concrete (0%), 3.45cm, 3.15cm, 3.1cm, and 3.05cm respectively with BFS concrete; 2) The compressive strength of each concrete at 28 days: 235.56kg/cm2 of normal concrete, 105.33kg/cm2, 138.96kg/cm2, 127.26kg/cm2, and 94.52kg/cm2respectively with BFS concrete; The use of BFS cannot be applied to the concrete mixture, because of low compressive strength; 3) For the price of concrete materials per m3 are IDR 999.472,05 of normal concrete, IDR 996.926,78 for 10% with BFS, IDR 995.654,93 for 15% with BFS, IDR 994.381,50 for 20% with BFS, and IDR 991.837,80 for 30% with BFS. Keywords: BFS, workability, compressive strength

Strength Properties of Activated Hwangtoh Mortars

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
Dongsik Oh ◽  
Doheom Song ◽  
Seongseok Go
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
Substitution Ratio ◽  
Pozzolanic Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Furnace Slag

Hwangtoh (loess) has pozzolanic properties that mean it can be used as a cement admixture when activated at high temperatures, and that it can be used in combination with building materials such as fly ash or blast furnace slag. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the compressive strength and the brick bond strength of various mortars containing hwangtoh, and also to find the optimum mixing conditions for the use of hwangtoh. It was found that the mortars’ strength properties are significantly influenced by the water/cement ratio W/C and the activated hwangtoh substitution ratio. We recommend the following materials and mixing conditions: W/C 60%, a cement substitution ratio of activated hwangtoh of 20 ~ 25%, and the addition of 10% blast furnace slag to improve the compressive strength of such mortars.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Response Surface Methodology pada Optimasi Penambahan Blast Furnace Slag Terhadap Waktu Pengikatan dan Kuat Tekan Semen

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Hardjono Hardjono ◽  
Cucuk Evi Lusiani ◽  
Agung Ari Wibowo ◽  
Mochammad Agung Indra Iswara
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Initial Setting Time ◽  
Initial Setting ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Furnace Slag

Produksi semen setengah jadi (clinker) membutuhkan energi yang tinggi sehingga menggunakan batu bara dalam jumlah besar. Hal ini menyebabkan biaya produksi dari pabrik semen juga tinggi. Kebutuhan energi yang besar untuk menghasilkan clinker tersebut dapat dikurangi dengan menambahan blast furnace slag sebagai campuran pembuatan semen. Campuran clinker dapat menghasilkan produk semen yang memiliki waktu pengikatan dan kuat tekan sesuai SNI. Pengaruh penambahan blast furnace slag sebagai campuran clinker terhadap waktu pengikatan dan kuat tekan semen dapat dioptimalkan dengan response surface methodology (RSM) menggunakan Central Composite Design (CCD). Optimasi dengan menggunakan RSM bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum pada penambahan blast furnace slag dan clinker terhadap variabel respon berupa waktu pengikatan awal, waktu pengikatan akhir, dan kuat tekan. Hasil uji ANOVA dan analisis response surface menunjukkan bahwa penambahan blast furnace slag sebagai campuran dalam pembuatan semen memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap waktu pengikatan awal, waktu pengikatan akhir, dan kuat tekan. Penambahan 5% blast furnace slag dengan 92,5% clinker pada campuran clinker dan gypsum merupakan kondisi optimum yang memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel respon.The production of clinker consumes high energy and causes high production cost of cement industry. It can be reduced by adding blast furnace slag as a mixture in cement production. The blast furnace slag - clinker mixture can produce cement with setting time and compressive strength according to SNI. The effect of the addition of blast furnace slag as a clinker mixture to the setting time and compressive strength of cement can be optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using Central Composite Design (CCD). Optimization by using RSM aims to determine the optimum condition of the blast furnace slag – clinker mixture to the initial setting time, final setting time, and compressive strength. ANOVA test results and response surface analysis show that the addition of blast furnace slag into the cement mixture has a significant influence on the initial setting time, final setting time, and compressive strength. The addition of  5% blast furnace slag with  92.5% clinker in the mixture of clinker and gypsum is the optimum condition which gives a significant effect on the response variable.

scholarly journals Protective Geopolymer Coatings Containing Multi-Componential Precursors: Preparation and Basic Properties Characterization

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3448
Author(s):  
Chenhui Jiang ◽  
Aiying Wang ◽  
Xufan Bao ◽  
Zefeng Chen ◽  
Tongyuan Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Adhesive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

This paper presents an experimental investigation on geopolymer coatings (GPC) in terms of surface protection of civil structures. The GPC mixtures were prepared with a quadruple precursor simultaneously containing fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS), metakaolin (MK), and Portland cement (OPC). Setting time, compressive along with adhesive strength and permeability, were tested and interpreted from a perspective of potential applications. The preferred GPC with favorable setting time (not shorter than 120 min) and desirable compressive strength (not lower than 35 MPa) was selected from 85 mixture formulations. The results indicate that balancing strength and setting behavior is viable with the aid of the multi-componential precursor and the mixture design based on total molar ratios of key oxides or chemical elements. Adhesive strength of the optimized GPC mixtures was ranged from 1.5 to 3.4 MPa. The induced charge passed based on a rapid test of coated concrete specimens with the preferred GPC was 30% lower than that of the uncoated ones. Setting time of GPC was positively correlated with η[Si/(Na+Al)]. An abrupt increase of setting time occurred when the molar ratio was greater than 1.1. Compressive strength of GPC was positively affected by mass contents of ground granulated blast furnace slag, metakaolin and ordinary Portland cement, and was negatively affected by mass content of fly ash, respectively. Sustained seawater immersion impaired the strength of GPC to a negligible extent. Overall, GPC potentially serves a double purpose of satisfying the usage requirements and achieving a cleaner future.

scholarly journals Geopolymer Based on Mechanically Activated Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilda Tole ◽  
Magdalena Rajczakowska ◽  
Abeer Humad ◽  
Ankit Kothari ◽  
Andrzej Cwirzen
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

An efficient solution to increase the sustainability of building materials is to replace Portland cement with alkali-activated materials (AAM). Precursors for those systems are often based on water-cooled ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBFS). Quenching of blast furnace slag can be done also by air but in that case, the final product is crystalline and with a very low reactivity. The present study aimed to evaluate the cementitious properties of a mechanically activated (MCA) air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS) used as a precursor in sodium silicate alkali-activated systems. The unreactive ACBFS was processed in a planetary ball mill and its cementing performances were compared with an alkali-activated water-cooled GGBFS. Mixes based on mechanically activated ACBFS reached the 7-days compressive strength of 35 MPa and the 28-days compressive strength 45 MPa. The GGBFS-based samples showed generally higher compressive strength values.

scholarly journals Preparation of Foamed Phosphogypsum Lightweight Materials by Incorporating Cementitious Additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
Ting WANG ◽  
Xiaojian GAO ◽  
Jian WANG
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

As a byproduct of phosphoric acid industry, phosphogypsum has many environmental problems. In order to recycle phosphogypsum to manufacture lightweight building materials, cementitious additives including fly ash, ground granulate blast-furnace slag and Portland cement were added to improve strength and water-resistance and different volume of foam was added to reduce the bulk density. The results show that hydrated lime can improve mechanical strength and water resistance of PG paste and the optimal dosage of hydrated lime is 6 %. Higher addition of fly ash or ground granulated blast-furnace slag improves the fluidity and delays the setting time of PG paste. The addition of 10 ~ 20 % fly ash results in a little reducing influence and 10 % ground granulated blast-furnace slag leads to an increase of 20.7 % for 28 days compressive strength of hardened PG specimen. The higher addition of Portland cement results in the better mechanical strength and water resistance of PG specimens. The 28day compressive and flexural strength reaches 25.9 MPa and 8.9 MPa respectively for the 25 % Portland cement mixture. PG based lightweight building materials can prepared by the addition of 60 % volume of air foam, with compressive strength of 1.7 MPa, bulk density of 521.7 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity of 0.0724 W/(m·K). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.19910

Cement-Free Mortar Using Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag with Different Alkali-Activators

2014 ◽  
Vol 578-579 ◽  
pp. 1430-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Woo Park ◽  
Sung In Hong ◽  
Hee Jun Yang ◽  
Thamara Tofeti Lima ◽  
Ki Yong Ann
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Hydroxyl Ion ◽  
Furnace Slag

The present study concerns a development of cement-free concrete using ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) with alkali-activators such as KOH, NaOH, and Ca (OH)2. To find out the development among three different activators, the concentration of hydroxyl ion was kept 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 3.0% by weight of binder irrespective of cations. The setting time was measured by penetration resistance immediately after casting of mortar. The development of compressive strength was measured at 7, 14, 28, and 91 days. The pore structure of cement-free mortar was examined by the mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT). Simultaneously, grew sample was used to microscopically observe at the XRD. For strength of cement-free mortar, mixed with KOH or NaOH was as high as OPC at 3.0 % by weight of binder. However, the compressive strength of cement-free concrete mixed with 3.0 % Ca (OH)2 by weight of binder had just half strength of OPC mortar. Cement-free concrete activated with NaOH and Ca (OH)2 had higher total pore volume, however, it had lower ionic penetrability due to the pore type which mostly consist of gel pores. For pore structure of cement-free mortar mixed with KOH, the total volume had similarity to that of OPC mortar, however, it had lower penetrability. Therefore, it may have higher resistance to chloride transport than that of OPC mortar.

scholarly journals The use of limestone sludge for the geopolymer preparation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1205 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
D Kubatova ◽  
I Khongova ◽  
M Krejci Kotlanova ◽  
A Zezulova ◽  
M Bohac
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Furnace Slag

Abstract The study investigates the effect of sludge waste from mining and washing of limestone on the properties of geopolymer binders based on metakaolin and blast furnace slag. The effect of adding two types of limestone sludge on workability, setting time, compressive strengths, durability and pore distribution was investigated. Limestone sludge was dosed in an amount of 0–30 %. Sodium water glass was used as an alkaline activator in the ratio of 5:4. A linear correlation between the flowability and limestone sludge content was observed, and very satisfactory results of compressive strength after 90 days were obtained for samples with sodium water glass (about 55 MPa). The positive effect of CaCO3 on strength was confirmed. The increased content of clay components resulted in a reduction of compressive strength.

ON THE USE OF SLAG CEMENT COMPOSITIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WELLS

2017 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
V. P. Ovchinnikov ◽  
O. V. Rozhkova ◽  
N. A. Aksenova ◽  
P. V. Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Furnace Slag

In the article studies of oil-filled compositions with the addition of blast-furnace slag for strength at elevated temperatures are presented. The rheological parameters of the slag cement slag cement mortar, as well as the setting time, were studied. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects of further study of slag cementcontaining compositions.

The Influence of the Properties of the Material Used for Obtaining Geopolymers on Their Structure and Compressive Strength

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1187
Author(s):  
Ilenuta Severin ◽  
Maria Vlad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Straw Ash

This article presents the influence of the properties of the materials in the geopolymeric mixture, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) + wheat straw ash (WSA) + uncalcined red mud (RMu), and ground granulated blast furnace slag + wheat straw ash + calcined red mud (RMc), over the microstructure and mechanical properties of the synthesised geopolymers. The activation solutions used were a NaOH solution with 8M concentration, and a solution realised from 50%wt NaOH and 50%wt Na2SiO3. The samples were analysed: from the microstructural point of view through SEM microscopy; the chemical composition was determined through EDX analysis; and the compressive strength tests was done for samples tested at 7 and 28 days, respectively. The SEM micrographies of the geopolymers have highlighted a complex structure and an variable compressive strength. Compressive strength varied from 24 MPa in the case of the same recipe obtained from 70% of GGBFS + 25% WSA +5% RMu, alkaline activated with NaOH 8M (7 days testing) to 85 MPa in the case of the recipe but replacing RMu with RMc with calcined red mud, alkaline activated with the 50%wt NaOH and 50%wt Na2SiO3 solution (28 days testing). This variation in the sense of the rise in compressive strength can be attributed to the difference in reactivity of the materials used in the recipes, the curing period, the geopolymers structure, and the presence of a lower or higher rate of pores, as well as the alkalinity and the nature of the activation solutions used.

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