scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERBUK BATA MERAH TERHADAP NILAI CBR

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rayhan Agustian Arif ◽  
A'isyah Salimah ◽  
Putera Agung Maha Agung
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
A Value ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
Cbr Test ◽  
Loose Sediments

Abstract Soil is a collection of minerals, organic matter and relatively loose sediments that are located above the bedrock. Based on the particle size, it is divided into four types, namely gravel, sand, silt and clay. The role of soil is very important in a construction because the soil functions as a support for the loads that are above it, so that the soil is expected to have a good bearing capacity. In this study, the soil taken is soft soil in Hambalang, Bogor where the soil conditions in the area are hard in the dry season and soft in the rainy season, so it is necessary to review the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value. In this study, using waste from red brick as an additive to soft soil. CBR testing is appropriate (SNI 1744: 2012), with the CBR Laboratory test soaked and unsoaked. Along with the addition of% red brick powder, the CBR values of soaked and unsoaked (top and bottom) have increased, so that the addition of% content of red brick powder is 15% respectively got a value of 4.55% and 4.9% (soaked) and 17.94% and 19.70 (unsoaked). So, from this CBR test, it was found that the effect of adding red brick powder increases CBR tilapia soaked and unsoaked soft soil of Hambalang. Keywords: Soft Soil, Red Brick Powder,CBR soaked, CBR unsoaked

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERBUK BATA MERAH TERHADAP NILAI CBR

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rayhan Agustian Arif ◽  
A'isyah Salimah ◽  
Putera Agung Maha Agung
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
A Value ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
Cbr Test ◽  
Loose Sediments

Abstract Soil is a collection of minerals, organic matter and relatively loose sediments that are located above the bedrock. Based on the particle size, it is divided into four types, namely gravel, sand, silt and clay. The role of soil is very important in a construction because the soil functions as a support for the loads that are above it, so that the soil is expected to have a good bearing capacity. In this study, the soil taken is soft soil in Hambalang, Bogor where the soil conditions in the area are hard in the dry season and soft in the rainy season, so it is necessary to review the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value. In this study, using waste from red brick as an additive to soft soil. CBR testing is appropriate (SNI 1744: 2012), with the CBR Laboratory test soaked and unsoaked. Along with the addition of% red brick powder, the CBR values of soaked and unsoaked (top and bottom) have increased, so that the addition of% content of red brick powder is 15% respectively got a value of 4.55% and 4.9% (soaked) and 17.94% and 19.70 (unsoaked). So, from this CBR test, it was found that the effect of adding red brick powder increases CBR tilapia soaked and unsoaked soft soil of Hambalang. Keywords: Soft Soil, Red Brick Powder,CBR soaked, CBR unsoaked

The role of the structure to provide biogeocenotic soil functions

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Structural State ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Ecological Community ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Living Organisms

There is a presentation of analysis of the structural state role in the manifestation of biogeocenotic soil functions, which are due to their physical, chemical and biochemical, physical-chemical, information, integrity properties. The main role in the formation of the structure of living space manifests itself in existence, due to the presence in soil aggregates of different sizes and structures, of numerous and diverse ecological niches for soil organisms. The participation of structure in providing housing and shelter is evident in its impact on the majority of soil conditions. The role of the structure in the manifestation of the support is associated with fixing function in plants through the soil root system, as well as with structural features of the surface soil, which is used by animals when moving. The participate of structure in preservation of plant seeds, eggs and larvae of animal is due to the formation of aggregated soil optimal living conditions for living organisms. The structure plays an important role in realization of the soil nutrients and source connections, as plants are able to obtain only minerals in dissolved form and the optimal conditions for this can provide only soil with qualitative waterproof structure. The structure also participates in the formation of a depot of nutrients, energy and moisture, most of which are found in soil and aggregates that can be made available to living organisms after their destruction. The role of the of structure in providing stimulator function and inhibitor of biochemical processes is evident in the formation of a kind of the medium through which the interaction of the root systems of plants, as well as providing conditions for humification and mineralization of soil organic matter. The influence of the structure on the sorption of particulate material coming from the atmosphere is evident in its involvement in the formation of structural units of the soil. The role of the structure in the sorption of fine soil microorganisms living in the soil is due to the fact that this process is largely determined by the shape of aggregates, mineral composition and organic matter, which are included in their composition. The features of the structure to provide a signal function to the seasonal biological processes are related to the determining the influence of the aggregate composition of the soil at its thermal regime, which mainly depends on all biological processes in the soil. The role of the structure in the regulation of number and composition of the ecological community is due to the existence of the relationship between aggregate soil composition and characteristics of ecological community that exists on it. Participation in the launch of some of the structures of succession occurs mainly at the sharp deterioration of the structural state of the soil, which may be associated with the processes of water and wind erosion. The role of the structure to provide a «memory» of biogeocoenosis is explained by quite stable structural state of the natural ecosystems of the soil in the absence of catastrophic processes, which is able to store information about the features of the state of other components of biogeocoenosis. Participation of the structure in the transformation of matter and energy entering biogeocoenosis is due to the constant transformation of minerals, grain size elements, organic matter and other constituent parts of the soil in the process of aggregation. The role of the structure in the display of the sanitary function is due to the fact that there is a degradation of organic residues and metabolic products of living organisms in the soil, its antiseptic properties is best evident only in well-structured soil. The value of the structure in the function of the protective screen and buffer biogeocenotic screen provision is most fully shown in the soils of natural ecosystems with a favorable and stable structural state, due to which ecosystems are protected from mechanical destruction under the influence of various factors – water, wind, gravity force. Despite the cited aspects of the role of structure manifestation in providing biogeocenotic soil functions there is a need for further detailed research in this area.

scholarly journals Effects of glyphosate-based herbicides and their active ingredients on earthworms, water infiltration and glyphosate leaching are influenced by soil properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann G. Zaller ◽  
Maureen Weber ◽  
Michael Maderthaner ◽  
Edith Gruber ◽  
Eszter Takács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Earthworm Activity

Abstract Background Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are among the most often used pesticides. The hundreds of GBHs used worldwide consist of the active ingredient (AI) glyphosate in form of different salts, possibly other AIs, and various mostly undisclosed co-formulants. Pesticide risk assessments are commonly performed using single AIs or GBHs at standard soil conditions without vegetation. In a greenhouse experiment, we established a weed population with common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus) to examine the effects of three GBHs (Roundup LB Plus, Roundup PowerFlex, Touchdown Quattro) and their corresponding AIs (salts of glyphosate isopropylammonium, potassium, diammonium) on the activity and physiological biomarkers (glutathione S-transferase, GST; acetylcholine esterase, AChE) of an ecologically relevant earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris). GBHs and AIs were applied at recommended doses; hand weeding served as control. Experiments were established with two soil types differing in organic matter content (SOM; 3.0% vs. 4.1%) and other properties. Results Earthworm activity (casting and movement activity) decreased after application of glyphosate formulations or active ingredients compared to hand weeding. We found no consistent pattern that formulations had either higher or lower effects on earthworm activity than their active ingredients; rather, differences were substance-specific. Earthworm activity was little affected by soil organic matter levels. Biomarkers remained unaffected by weed control types; GST but not AChE was decreased under high SOM. Water infiltration after a simulated heavy rainfall was interactively affected by weed control types and SOM. Leachate amount was higher after application of formulations than active ingredients and was higher under low SOM. Glyphosate concentrations in soil and leachate were strongly affected by application of formulations or active ingredients and varied with SOM (significant weed control type x SOM interaction). Conclusions We found that both commercial formulations and pure active ingredients can influence earthworms with consequences on important soil functions. Glyphosate products showed increased, reduced or similar effects than pure glyphosate on particular soil functions; soil properties can substantially alter this. Especially at lower SOM, heavy rainfalls could lead to more glyphosate leaching into water bodies. A full disclosure of co-formulants would be necessary to further decipher their specific contributions to these inconsistent effects.

Assessing the Impact of No-Till on Water Related Soil Functions and the Role of Farmer Networks in Knowledge Exchange and Implementation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kamilla Skaalsveen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Soil And Water

No-tillage is a non-inversion farming practice that is becoming more widely used in farming and often considered to enhance soil functions, by increasing soil organic matter levels and thereby improving soil structure. Knowledge about the effects of different management practices on separate soil functions is important to understand potential trade-offs between them. Studies have shown that no-tillage affects soil functions of water purification and water retention and can reduce erosion rates and inputs from agriculture to water bodies, however evidence from north western European countries is still limited. Alongside this gap in evidence about the physical impacts of no-tillage, knowledge about how farmers share knowledge about no-tillage, a knowledge intensive practice, and the role of farmer networks is still growing. This paper presents results from interdisciplinary (PhD) research which measured the effect of no-tillage on water related soil functions in a UK case study and analysed the distribution of no-tillage knowledge through farmer networks. The field-scale monitoring compares two neighbouring farms (one using conventional ploughing and the other no-tillage) with similar soil and topographic characteristics to assess spatial and temporal changes in soil and water variables. The 2-year monitoring included nutrient analysis of surface and sub-surface soil samples, bulk density, soil moisture, infiltration capacity, surface runoff and analysis of Dissolved Reactive Phosphorous (DRP), Total Phosphorous (TP) and Suspended Solids (SS) in downstream waters. Farmers’ networks were mapped using Social Network Analysis (SNA) to reveal the nature and extent of their knowledge exchange about no-tillage. This was complemented by semi-structured interviews with farmers to understand their reasons for implementing no-tillage. This paper presents findings from both aspects of this research. The soil and water data show varying impacts of no-tillage on soil functions and water quality with different soil types and climate. The no-tillage fields had higher bulk density and soil organic matter content and thereby increasing the soil moisture levels, but the free-draining porous limestone was providing greater benefits under no-tillage in this study compared with the limerich loamy soil with high silt and clay content. The SNA suggests that farmers’ networks expanded with the conversion to no-tillage and that their main influencers were other more experienced no-tillage farmers. In this respect I question the role of external organisations in supporting no-tillage adoption. The research offers a significant new contribution to the field as it assesses the effects of no-tillage on water purification and retention functions of the soil, and at the same time contributes to understanding the dynamics of farmer networks and the link to implementation.

scholarly journals The role of organic matter and clay content in sediments for bioavailability of pyrene

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Spasojević ◽  
Snežana Maletić ◽  
Srđan Rončević ◽  
Marko Grgić ◽  
Dejan Krčmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
A Value ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Evaluation of the bioavailable fractions of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is extremely important for assessing their risk to the environment. This available fraction, which can be solubilised and/or easily extracted, is believed to be the most accessible for bioaccumulation, biosorption and/or transformation. Sediment organic matter (OM) and clay play an important role in the biodegradation and bioavailability of PAHs. The strong association of PAHs with OM and clay in sediments has a great influence not only on their distribution but also on their long-term environmental impact. This paper investigates correlations between bioavailability and the clay and OM contents in sediments. The results show that OM is a better sorbent for pyrene (chosen as a model PAH) and that increasing the OM content reduces the bioavailable fraction. A mathematical model was used to predict the kinetic desorption, and these results showed that the sediment with the lowest content of OM had an Ffast value of 24%, whereas sediment with 20% OM gave a value of 9%. In the experiments with sediments with different clay contents, no clear dependence between clay and rate constants of the fast desorbing fractions was observed, which can be explained by the numerous possible interactions at the molecular level.

Biological activity in metal-contaminated calcareous agricultural soils: the role of the organic matter composition and the particle size distribution

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 6176-6187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Martin Calvarro ◽  
Ana de Santiago-Martín ◽  
Javier Quirós Gómez ◽  
Concepción González-Huecas ◽  
Jose R. Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Composition

scholarly journals Międzyodrze: an example of diverse economic and nature-related activities in the part of the Lower Odra Valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szczepan L. Dąbkowski ◽  
Piotr Wesołowski ◽  
Adam Brysiewicz ◽  
Maciej Humiczewski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Odra River ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Present Role ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Międzyodrze is an area in Lower Odra Valley, from the fork of the riverbed to Szczecin, with the islands between the Odra River and Lake Dąbie. In the past, it has served primarily as a waterway route and now serves a variety of economic and nature-related functions. This paper presents the historical and present role of Międzyodrze, taking into account the specific natural values of the Lower Odra Valley, hydrography, hydrology and soil conditions. In the area of Międzyodrze, there are basically three types of organic matter and the nature’s point of view, the area is rich in flora and fauna. The current stimulation to activity of Międzyodrze is to take account of the needs of the natural environment, tourism and recreation, while improving the hydrological and retention potential of the area. Exceptional natural values, complicated hydraulic system of canals, the complexity of hydrological phenomena and the specificity of soils make the selection of activities aimed at achieving the objectives of area revitalization requires comprehensive environmental and hydrological analyses as well as economic analyses. The paper outlined the range of difficulties encountered by this assessment.

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