Seed productivity of alfalfa sowing depending on precipitation and air temperature for the vegetation period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kramarenko
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties

The results of ecological testing of alfalfa varieties zoned for the South Urals for seeds cultivated according to industrial technology are presented. Meteorological conditions had a significant impact on seed yield. The size of the crop varied over a wide range from 0 to 350 kg/ha. On average, over the years of study, seed collection was about 78 kg/ha.

DURATION OF SEED GRASS-STAND USE OF PERENNIAL LEGUMINOUS GRASSES

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
N.I. KASATKINA ◽  
◽  
ZH.S. NELYUBINA ◽  
I.SH. FATYKHOV
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
One Year

Seed productivity of perennial leguminous grasses is subject to sharp fluctuations due to their biological characteristics, different reactions to changes in growing conditions, and meteorological factors over the growing season. In this case, the productive longevity of herbs is of great importance. The research aims to analyze the seed productivity and the duration of using the grassstand of perennial legume grasses in the meteorological conditions of the Middle Pre-Urals. The analysis of seed yield, energy, and economic efficiency of long-term use of perennial leguminous grasses was carried out based on a result of studies laid down in the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture of the UdmFRC of the UB RAS in 1996–2005 with the eastern Galega variety Gale, in 2011–2015 – with varieties of red clover and variegated alfalfa, in 2011–2016 – with birds-foot trefoil variety Solnyshko. The research found that red clover sowing is best used for seeds for one year. In the first year of use, the yield of double-cut clover varieties was 146 kg/ha, of single-cut varieties – 138 kg/ha. In the second year of using the grass stand, the yield significantly decreased to 37 and 39 kg/ha. The yield of 162 kg/ha at the standard level was formed by the twocut clover variety Dymkovsky. Crops of variegated alfalfa can be used for seeds for two years. Seed productivity of variegated alfalfa varieties in the 1st year of use was 204 kg/ha, in the 2nd year of use – 260 kg/ha. Alfalfa of the Guzel variety formed a significantly high seed yield of 251 kg/ha. The recommended duration of the use of the birds-foot trefoil grass-stand is two to three years. In the 1st and 2nd years of use of the grass stand, the yield of the seeds was relatively high, 215–378 and 213–349 kg/ha, respectively. By the 3rd year of use, it decreased to 89–161 kg/ha. The old-age grass stand of the 4th year of use did not form seeds. Sowing the birds-foot trefoil without a cover or under cover of spring wheat by the usual row method with a seeding rate of 8–9 million units/ha showed the highest seed yield of 255–270 kg/ha. The duration of the use of the eastern Galega grass-stand is up to 10 years or more. The highest yield of Galega seeds of 510 kg/ha was obtained during the harvesting of grass in the first year of use for feed, in the second – fifth year of use – for seeds, from the 6th year of use – for feed.

Statistical modelling of combined ozone-temperature events in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Jahn ◽  
Elke Hertig
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Air pollution as well as high air temperature both pose a large risk to human health in Europe. High temperature levels are associated with an exceptionally high mortality rate, only representing the extreme end of a wide range of possible health effects. Tropospheric ozone, a secondary air pollutant, is primarily built by photochemical reactions under solar radiation with the involvement of precursor gases including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, methane, and non-methane volatile organic compounds. Due to the specific characteristics of ozone formation, high levels of ozone and temperature often coincide, posing an even intensified threat to human health.</p><p>The current scientific work focuses on the co-occurrence of these two health stressors as well as their underlying meteorological conditions. A subset of European ozone (AirBase_v8, EEA) and temperature (ECA&D) stations is selected for analysis based on individual station locations and data coverage. Taking into account different settings of air substances concentrations (urban, outer conurbation area, rural regions), these stations are classified and grouped by station type and area type resulting in five distinct station classes: urban traffic, urban background, suburban background, rural background and rural industrial.</p><p>Maximum daily 8-hour average ozone values (MDA8O3, EEA), observed daily maximum air temperatures (TX, ECA&D) and meteorological variables (from ERA5, ECMWF) form the data basis for model building. Current thresholds and extreme definitions e.g. based on WHO air quality guidelines or high percentiles (75<sup>th</sup> and 90<sup>th</sup>) are examined and discussed to describe elevated levels of these variables and to finally define combined ozone-temperature events.</p><p>Possible regional patterns as well as disparities between urban and rural areas regarding the specific settings for ozone formation as well as varying meteorological mechanisms for the occurrence of combined ozone-temperature events are closely examined. The methodological focus is primary on statistical modelling, the application and comparison of varying multivariate statistical approaches and different machine learning methods, e.g. various regression analyses using shrinkage methods or random forests. Consequently, statistical models are generated to analyse the influence of meteorological conditions on the occurrence of combined ground-level ozone and temperature events along with the identification of primary key factors (e.g. ozone persistence or larger-scale air temperature and wind conditions) at each specific location.</p><p>Furthermore, frequency and intensity changes of combined ozone-temperate events in the scope of global warming are assessed. Thus, projections of these co-occurring events under the constraints of ongoing climate change until the end of the 21st century are analysed by integrating projections of general circulation models into the statistical modelling process.</p>

scholarly journals Seed productivity of alfalfa varieties and its components

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Tatyana Nikolaevna Popova
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Alfalfa blue is a perennial, multi-cut herbaceous plant. The expansion of the lucerne sowing areas does not occur due to the lack of sufficient sowing material, which in turn is due to low seed productivity. The solution to this problem is possible only when moving to new varieties with high potential for seed yield and introducing improved technologies. Our article shows the characteristic of new varieties of  alfalfa of the Ershovsky selection. New varieties Serena and Natalie had the highest seed harvest rates in 9 years. Natalie variety on average for 9 years (2009-2017) by the number of brushes on one stem, the number of seeds in the bean and the number of beans in the brush was higher than the Uzen variety-standard by 5.0 respectively; 11.0 and 6.0%. According to the correlation analysis of the indicators, the crop of seeds and seeds in the bean is significant positive.

scholarly journals Response of oil flax varieties to abiotic conditions of the Middle Cis-Ural region by formation of seed yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016
Author(s):  
Vera GOREEVA ◽  
Elena KOREPANOVA ◽  
Ildus FATYKHOV ◽  
Chulpan ISLAMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Flax Seeds ◽  
Plasticity Coefficient

Studying the reaction to the abiotic conditions of the Middle Urals in 16 varieties of oil flax will allow to adapt the culture: increase its productivity and product quality. As a standard, the variety ‘VNIIMK 620’ was sown. The experiments were laid on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the grain-grass rotation after winter crops during 2012-2015. During the years of research, the plow layer of the experimental plots had different humus contents - medium and high, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium - medium and very high, exchange soil acidity - slightly acidic and close to neutral. To a greater extent, by 91.5%, the change in the seed yield of the studied oil flax varieties depended on the abiotic conditions of the growing season; the share of the influence of the genotype of the variety in the formation of seed yield was 3.0%. Meteorological conditions during the years of the experiments were characterized by large fluctuations in the average daily air temperature and the amount of precipitation that fell over the months, in consequence of this the seed yield of flax oil varied in wide range over both varieties and years of study. The most favorable abiotic conditions for the formation of oil flax seeds were formed in 2014, when, during the ripening period of the seeds optimal meteorological conditions have developed with hydro thermic factor of 1.0. This contributed to obtaining the highest seed yield in 2014 - 218 g/m2. On average, over four years of research, the same response to abiotic conditions with seed yield was formed in ‘VNIIMK 620’ varieties from Russia, ‘Clark’ varieties from Holland and ‘Barbara’ from Hungary. The most plastic grade is ‘Clark’ with a plasticity coefficient bi = 1.33. The most stable seed yield is the ‘Norlin’ variety with a stability coefficient of 32.2. Russian varieties ‘LM-96’, ‘N 3829’ and foreign varieties ‘Norlin’, ‘Atalante’ proved to be the most adaptable to cultivation conditions in the agroecological conditions of the Cis-Ural region and can be considered promising in terms used as starting material in the breeding process.

scholarly journals The frequency of occurrence of extreme and detrimental meteorological conditions for vegetation of crops in Poland (1971–2010)

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ziernicka-Wojtaszek
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
June July

Abstract The frequency of occurrence of extreme and detrimental meteorological conditions for vegetation of crops in Poland (1971-2010). The subject, and aim of this study is the comparison of the frequency of occurrence of thermal, precipitation and pluvio-thermal conditions detrimental to agriculture in Poland during two periods: 1971-2000 and 1981-2010, constituting the former, and the current climate normal, respectively. Each month of the vegetation period (April-October) was, in accordance with the current accounts carried out by agriculture correspondents, assigned to one of the following categories: favorable for vegetation, dry, dry and cool, cool, cool and humid, humid, dry and hot. An identical classification of meteorological vegetation conditions was also carried out for months characterized by extreme air temperature and precipitation values. Extreme values were defined as those monthly temperature mean values, and monthly precipitation totals, the probability of exceeding of which is lower than 10%, i.e. their probability of occurrence, or the socalled recurrence interval, is once every 10 years. The differences existing between the analyzed 30-year periods, can be attributed to the present day climate change - a significant increase in air temperature in April, June, July, and August, with a lack of significant precipitation trends. In the two compared periods, an increase in the number of extreme months from 74 to 82 was stated. The biggest changes during the extreme months were observed for precipitation deficits combined with hot air temperatures, namely, an increase from 15 to 29 months. In general, all the analyzed months of the vegetation period showed an increase in dry months (90 to 105 cases) and a decrease in cool months (44 to 24 cases).

Effects of Air Temperature on Combustion Characteristics of LPG Diffusion Flame

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Salman ◽  
Ibrahim A. Ibrahim ◽  
Hamada M. Gad ◽  
Tharwat M. Farag
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Wide Range

In the present study, the combustion characteristics of LPG gaseous fuel diffusion flame at elevated air temperatures were experimentally investigated. An experimental test rig was manufactured to examine a wide range of operating conditions. The investigated parameters are the air temperatures of 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 K with constant percentage of nitrogen addition in combustion air stream of 5 % to give low oxygen concentration of 18.3 % by mass at constant air swirl number, air to fuel mass ratio, and thermal load of 1.5, 30, and 23 kW, respectively. The gaseous combustion characteristics were represented as axial and radial temperatures distributions, temperatures gradient, visible flame length and species concentrations. The results indicated that as the air temperature increased, the chemical reaction rate increased and flame volume decreased, the combustion time reduced leading to a reduction in flame length. The NO concentration reaches its maximum values near the location of the maximum centerline axial temperature. Increasing the combustion air temperature by 200 K, the NO consequently O2 concentrations are increased by about % 355 and 20 % respectively, while CO2 and CO concentrations are decreased by about % 21 and 99 % respectively, at the combustor end.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Biodiversity of weeds in Ilmen State Reserve, Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
IRINA V. MASHKOVA ◽  
TATYANA G. KRUPNOVA ◽  
ANASTASIYA M. KOSTRYUKOVA ◽  
NIKITA E. VLASOV
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Ilmen State Reserve ◽  
Synanthropic Flora

Mashkova IV, Krupnova TG, Kostryukova AM, Vlasov NE. 2018. Short Communication: Biodiversity of weeds in Ilmen State Reserve, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 106-111. Weeds are a synanthropic flora. Human exposure to the natural landscape leads to the spread of synanthropic plant species, so weeds begin to occupy a significant place in the structure of ecosystem biodiversity. The aim of this study was to investigate the weeds biodiversity structure and to assess the extent of invasion of weeds into the territory of the Ilmen State Reserve in South Urals, Russia. This paper presents the results of study of weeds during the vegetation period in 2013–2017. Fifty one species of weeds distributed in four genera and six families were found on the territory of the Southern Forestry of the Ilmen State Reserve. Besides, the differences between species diversity of weeds on three types of roads (gravel, earth and foot) and on two types of forests (birch and pine) were also discovered in this study . The greatest degree of invasion was discovered for foot roads. It was noted that pine forest is the most resistant the invasion of weeds.

scholarly journals Influence of the orientation of uterine bulbs during planting on the seed yield of winter onion variety Ellan in a two-yield direct crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02040
Author(s):  
Victor Lazko ◽  
Olga Yakimova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Standard Technology ◽  
Angle Of Deviation ◽  
Second Year

The article presents the results on the use of paracuneal bulbs for re-harvesting seeds in a direct crop. The influence of the orientation of uterine bulbs during planting on the formation of paracuneal bulbs and seed productivity in the second year of vegetation was determined. The paracuneal bulbs were developing at the base of the flower shoots maintaining the same orientation as in the uterine bulbs when planted. Winter hardiness of paracuneal bulbs depended on orientation, just as with standard technology. Losses during the winter period ranged from 48% to 82%, increasing with an increase in the angle of deviation from the vertical position. The most vulnerable bulbs were the upside down. Paracuneal bulbs can be used to re-harvest seeds in a two-yield crop.

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