scholarly journals AGROENERGY EFFICIENCY OF IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES FOR CREATION AND USE OF ALFALFA-CEREAL HAYMAKING IN THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anel Kutuzova ◽  
Elena Provornaya ◽  
Galina Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Energy Method ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
High Share ◽  
Additional Nitrogen

On the basis of field experience in the creation of alfalfa-grass stands on sod-podzolic soil of the Non-Chernozem zone, a high agroenergetic efficiency of improved technologies has been established, including two zoned varieties of alfalfa changeable (Lugovaya 67 and Pastbishchnaya 88) in combination with agrotechnical methods (change in the composition of leguminous species in the previous period and pre-sowing inoculation of alfalfa seeds with complementary strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti). As a result of the application of the agro-energy method for assessing the production of exchangeable energy and total anthropogenic costs in uniform indicators according to the international SI system (GJ/ha), their payback was established — 8–11 times. This was achieved due to a high share of natural factors (88–91% of total costs), additional nitrogen input into the production process due to increased symbiotic fixation (141–171 kg/ha per year) and long-term use — for 7 years. The productivity of 1 hectare was 62–64 GJ/ha metabolic energy, the collection of protein was 956–1120 kg/ha, the saving of anthropogenic costs due to the exclusion of the use of nitrogen fertilizers was 17–21 GJ/ha.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF ANTHROPOGENIC ENERGY COSTS IN THE CREATION AND LONG-TERM USE OF DIFFERENT-RIPENING CEREAL HAYFIELDS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
The Creation

The results of the agro-energy assessment of the creation and long-term haymaking use (for 27 years) of different-ripening cereal grasses are presented. The total costs of anthropogenic energy were recouped by the collection of metabolic energy by 2,8–3,3 times. In the structure of metabolic energy production, renewable natural factors accounted for 64–70%.

scholarly journals Energy potential festulolium herbage with short-term and long-term use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Privalova ◽  
Ruslan Karimov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Natural Factors

The studies for the period 2004–2017, he reveals a high energy potential of pasture herbage technologies, created on the basis of domestic varieties of Festulolium VIK 90 at 6-and 14-year-old terms of use. The ratio of anthropogenic and natural factors in the production of pasture feed is given. At the same time, the leading role of renewable natural factors has been revealed: they account for 66–71% of the structure of metabolic energy production.

The Fiscal Effects of Economic Immigration on Subnational Government Finance in Poland

e-Finanse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Marzanna Poniatowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Piekutowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Government Finance ◽  
Subnational Government ◽  
Migration Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Share

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to analyse the effects of economic immigration on subnational government finance (SNG) in Poland. The goal to achieve is to answer the following research question: what are the fiscal effects of immigration on SNG budget revenues and expenditures. To answer this question, logarithmic models were developed. The analysis refers to the years 2007-2016. In this respect, data from Statistics Poland - referring to budget revenues and expenditures of communes, cities of district status, districts and voivodeships - were used. As far as immigration statistics are concerned, data from the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy were used. The results indicate an increase in both revenues and expenditures of SNG as a result of immigration. Such results can be explained inter alia by the nature of migration - research were focused on economic immigration. Results confirm that the level of employment of foreigners is one of the determinants shaping the fiscal effect of immigration. Moreover, the impact of economic immigration on SNG budget revenues and expenditures depends on the structure of this budget. This explains the differentiated results of the analysis of the impact of immigration on SNG in different countries. The positive correlation between immigration and SNG revenues in Poland can be associated with a high share of subnational governments in personal income tax revenues as this tax is one of the main categories of SNG revenues. Furthermore, results show that the impact of immigration on local government budgets in Poland is modest. This confirms the conclusions drawn by other authors (e.g. Auerbach and Oreopoulos), that in the long term, immigration cannot be considered as a potential instrument for resolving fiscal imbalances.

scholarly journals Sustaining Rice Production through Biofertilization with N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4628
Author(s):  
Macarena Iniesta-Pallarés ◽  
Consolación Álvarez ◽  
Francisco M. Gordillo-Cantón ◽  
Carmen Ramírez-Moncayo ◽  
Pilar Alves-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Biotechnological Potential

Current agricultural productivity depends on an exogenous nutrient supply to crops. This is of special relevance in cereal production, a fundamental part of the trophic chain that plays a vital role in the human diet. However, our agricultural practices entail highly detrimental side-effects from an environmental point of view. Long-term nitrogen fertilization in croplands results in degradation of soil, water, and air quality, producing eutrophication and subsequently contributing to global warming. In accordance with this, there is a biotechnological interest in using nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to enhance crop growth without adding chemically synthesized nitrogen fertilizers. This is particularly beneficial in paddy fields, where about 60% of the synthetic fertilizer that has been applied is dissolved in the water and washed away. In these agricultural systems, N2-fixing cyanobacteria show a promising biotechnological potential as biofertilizers, improving soil fertility while reducing the environmental impact of the agricultural practice. In the current study, Andalusian paddy fields have been explored to isolate N2-fixing cyanobacteria. These endogenous microorganisms have been subsequently re-introduced in a field trial in order to enhance rice production. Our results provide valuable insights regarding the use of an alternative natural source of nitrogen for rice production.

Energy efficiency of multivariate cultivation techniques in pasture forage production

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
К.Н. Привалова ◽  
Р.Р. Каримов
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Machinery Construction ◽  
Natural Factors

Исследования по определению энергетической эффективности пастбищных систем со злаковыми и бобово-злаковыми травостоями проведены в Федеральном научном центре кормопроизводства и агроэкологии им. В. Р. Вильямса. В статье приведены результаты агроэнергетической оценки многовариантных пастбищных систем со злаковыми травостоями, созданными в 1946 году. Даны количественные показатели по сбору обменной энергии, совокупным затратам на её производство, окупаемости затрат в зависимости от системы ведения пастбищ. Изучена эффективность совокупных затрат в виде овеществлённого труда (на семена, удобрения, сельскохозяйственные машины, средства огораживания загонов и прочее) и живого труда (работы трактористов, пастухов и строителей и др.). Обоснована высокая агроэнергетическая эффективность изучаемых пастбищных систем благодаря мобилизации в продукционный процесс природных факторов, долевое участие которых в структуре производства обменной энергии составило 69–84%. Природные факторы, участвующие в продукционном процессе луговых агроэкосистем, характеризуются большим разнообразием. Это не только использование солнечной энергии и азотфиксация бобовыми травами, но и долголетие травостоев, самовозобновление фитоценозов, дерновообразовательный процесс (повышение плодородия почвы), получение дешёвого корма и улучшение здоровья животных при летнем выпасе. Роль возобновляемых природных факторов выявлена на основе балансового метода, принятого в экономике (по разнице сбора обменной энергии и антропогенных затрат). Благодаря ведущей роли природных факторов в структуре произведённой продукции агроэнергетический коэффициент окупаемости совокупных затрат антропогенной энергии (АК) за счёт сбора обменной энергии достигал 3–6 раз в среднем за 45 лет. Разработанные в результате долголетних исследований многовариантные энергосберегающие пастбищные системы обосновывают возможность рекомендовать их производству с учётом применения различного уровня энергозатрат. Ключевые слова: культурные пастбища, системы ведения, долголетние травостои, сбор обменной энергии, совокупные антропогенные затраты, окупаемость затрат. The investigation was conducted at the Federal Williams Research Center of Fodder Production and Agroecology and was aimed at testing energy efficiency of gramineous and legume-gramineous swards. This article presents the results obtained on pasture ecosystems with gramineous planted in 1946. Exchange energy yield, total production costs and economic effectiveness were analyzed. Total production costs comprised costs for seeds, fertilizers, machinery, construction materials, labor, etc. Introduction of natural factors into the production process resulted in higher energy efficiency. Their share amounted to 69–84% in the final exchange energy yield. There are a lot of natural factors that affect grass productivity such as solar energy, nitrogen-fixation, sward longevity and regeneration, soil fertility, low-cost feed production, and livestock health. The value of natural factors was determined according to the balance method (by the difference between exchange energy yield and anthropogenic costs). Since environmental factors had a leading role in the production process, the return rate raised by 3–6 times for 45 years due to exchange energy increase. Therefore, pasture ecosystems developed can be recommended for a large-scale forage production.

scholarly journals Effect of Lupine Straw on Potato Yield and Biological State of Soddy-Podzolic Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
I. Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Soddy Podzolic Soil ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
General Level ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Leguminous Crops

Post-harvest plant residues, mainly straw of cereals and legumes, are the most important readily available biological resource for the reproduction of soil fertility. However, the data on their effectiveness and influence on the biological properties of the soil in the scientific literature are not unambiguous and contradictory. The results of long-term experiments on the study of the effectiveness of post-harvest residues of various crops are very few. The role of lupine as a green manure for increasing the productivity of potatoes is well studied, however, there are practically no data on the effect of lupine straw grown for grain on potato productivity. Studies in a long-term field experiment have established that the incorporation of lupine straw into the soil (against the background of the previous long-term introduction of straw of grain and leguminous crops of grain-tilled crop rotation), both in combination with mineral fertilizers and in pure form, contributed to an increase in the number of ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms, microbial biomass, nitrification activity of soddy-podzolic soil. The activation of microbial activity, increasing the supply of plants with available nutrients, promoted an increase in potato productivity, as well as an increase in the content of vitamin C and starchiness of tubers. A close correlation was noted between potato yield and determined microbiological parameters (r = 0.62–0.87), which indicates that the general level of biogenicity of soddy-podzolic soil, regulated by the introduction of straw of grain and leguminous crops, largely determines the level of its effective fertility and crop productivity.

scholarly journals The phosphoproteome of rice leaves responds to water and nitrogen supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hamzelou ◽  
Vanessa J. Melino ◽  
Darren C. Plett ◽  
Karthik Shantharam Kamath ◽  
Arkadiusz Nawrocki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Growth Adaptation

The scarcity of freshwater is an increasing concern in flood-irrigated rice, whilst excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers is both costly and contributes to environmental pollution. To co-ordinate growth adaptation under prolonged exposure to limited water or excess nitrogen supply, plants have processes for signalling and regulation of metabolic processes. There is limited information on the involvement of one of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs), protein phosphorylation, on plant adaptation to long-term changes in resource supply. Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare was grown under two regimes of nitrogen from the time of germination to final harvest. Twenty-five days after germination, water was withheld from half the pots in each nitrogen treatment and low water supply continued for an additional 26 days, while the remaining pots were well watered. Leaves from all four groups of plants were harvested after 51 days in order to test whether phosphorylation of leaf proteins responded to prior abiotic events. The dominant impact of these resources is exerted in leaves, where PTMs have been predicted to occur. Proteins were extracted and phosphopeptides were analysed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis, coupled with label-free quantitation. Water and nitrogen regimes triggered extensive changes in phosphorylation of proteins involved in membrane transport, such as the aquaporin OsPIP2-6, a water channel protein. Our study reveals phosphorylation of several peptides belonging to proteins involved in RNA-processing and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that phosphorylation events regulate the signalling cascades that are required to optimize plant response to resource supply.

scholarly journals Type of organic fertilizer rather than organic amendment per se increases abundance of soil biota

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11204
Author(s):  
Maria Viketoft ◽  
Laura G.A. Riggi ◽  
Riccardo Bommarco ◽  
Sara Hallin ◽  
Astrid R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Wide Range

Addition of organic amendments is a commonly used practice to offset potential loss of soil organic matter from agricultural soils. The aim of the present study was to examine how long-term addition of organic matter affects the abundance of different soil biota across trophic levels and the role that the quality of the organic amendments plays. Here we used a 17-year-old fertilization experiment to investigate soil biota responses to four different organic fertilizers, compared with two mineral nitrogen fertilizers and no fertilization, where the organic fertilizers had similar carbon content but varied in their carbon to nitrogen ratios. We collected soil samples and measured a wide range of organisms belonging to different functional groups and trophic levels of the soil food web. Long-term addition of organic and mineral fertilizers had beneficial effects on the abundances of most soil organisms compared with unfertilized soil, but the responses differed between soil biota. The organic fertilizers generally enhanced bacteria and earthworms. Fungi and nematodes responded positively to certain mineral and organic fertilizers, indicating that multiple factors influenced by the fertilization may affect these heterogeneous groups. Springtails and mites were less affected by fertilization than the other groups, as they were present at relatively high abundances even in the unfertilized treatment. However, soil pH had a great influence on springtail abundance. In summary, the specific fertilizer was more important in determining the numerical and compositional responses of soil biota than whether it was mineral or organic. Overall, biennial organic amendments emerge as insufficient, by themselves, to promote soil organisms in the long run, and would need to be added annually or combined with other practices affecting soil quality, such as no or reduced tillage and other crop rotations, to have a beneficial effect.

scholarly journals PERENCANAAN DAN PENGENDALIAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI PRODUK RAKITAN RADIO TIPE SOUNESS SNI 4250

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Matondang ◽  
Widodo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Pure Strategy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Production Schedule ◽  
Middle Term ◽  
Individual Product

Production system take an important role in industries, especially in manufacturing industries. This role determine the keys of successful company. Production process is an activity which produce finished product from raw material that involve machine, energy, and technique knowledge. Production process is real activity and can be seen by human being. The problems those always be faced in indutries management’s are the arrangement of production schedule, such lack of inventory or overstock once the settlement of production process isn’t on time. Production planning and control is activity to determine what product that will be produced, how many product that will be produced and how many labors needed in production processes. By using production planning and control’s method, those problems can be minimalized. Aggregate planning is one of production planning a.nd control’s method. By using this method, production planning could be done by using unit of replacement product so that the output of this planning isn’t declared in individual product. So, the output of aggregate planning isn’t planning in form of individual product but aggregate’s product. There are some strategies on aggregate planning such as pure strategy on aggregate planning and mixed strategy on aggregate planning. In this research, method of aggregate planning that used is optimization approach by linier rule. This method used to make long term planning and middle term planning. Long term planning consists of product forecasting and aggregate planning. The middle term planning consist of master production schedule and rough cut capacity planning. The result of this research is capacity needed and capacity available to determine which work center is drum and which isn’t. Conclusion of this research that capacity of each work center in perioad january to december 2018 is non drum. This indicate the good scheduling in capacity planning.

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