Studies on the Metabolizable Energy of Rapeseed Meal for Growing Chickens and Laying Hens

This study was carried out to evaluate the energy levels in the diet to obtain better performance rates and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle. One hundred and eighty Bovans Goldline laying hens with 62 weeks of age were used during four 28-day periods. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four metabolizable energy levels (2,650, 2,725, 2,800, 2,875 and 2,950 kcal/kg), each with six replicates of six birds. The energy level of diet did not affect the weight of the egg, yolk, albumen and eggshell, the percentages of yolk, albumen and eggshell, yolk color and egg specific gravity. Feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs increased significantly with increasing levels of metabolizable energy. Feed intake decreased linearly as the energy level in the diet increased. The metabolizable energy levels showed a quadratic effect on egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs. The metabolizable energy level of 2,830 kcal/kg was the most appropriate to promote better performance and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle.

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Metabolizable Energy Value of Crude Glycerol for Laying Hens

10.31274/ans_air-180814-76 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Kristjan Bregendahl ◽

Peter J. Lammers ◽

Brian Kerr ◽

Mark S. Honeyman ◽

Kenneth J. Stalder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Glycerol ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Energy Value

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Effect of protein and energy levels in a constant ratio supplemented with methionine and lysine on performance of layers and on egg quality.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v28i1.17041 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

A.R. El Boushy ◽

L.G.M. van Gils ◽

M.C. Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Constant Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Egg Weight

Twenty groups of 36 laying hens in individual cages were fed on one of 5 diets in which the energy:protein ratio was constant. Diets 1 to 5 had crude protein 12.0, 12.9, 14.0, 15.0 and 16.0% and metabolizable energy 8.71, 9.57, 10.27, 11.10 and 11.70 MJ/kg. From 24 to 64 weeks old, egg production of hens given diets 1 to 5 was 71.46, 71.31, 72.51, 71.13 and 69.99%, respectively. Corresponding values of mean egg weight, weekly feed intake and efficiency of feed conversion were 60.51, 60.47, 61.11, 61.02, 61.07 g; 157.16, 147.56, 142.03, 130.37, 126.72 g; 3.674, 3.460, 3.262, 3.031, 3.014 kg feed/kg egg, respectively. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Nutritive values of double-low rapeseed expellers and rapeseed meal with or without supplementation of multi-enzyme in pigs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2019-0097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 729-738

Author(s):

Peili Li ◽

Zhiqian Lyu ◽

Lu Wang ◽

Bingbing Huang ◽

Changhua Lai

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Energy Concentration ◽

Available Energy ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Enzyme Supplementation

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding multi-enzyme on the available energy concentration and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids of double-low rapeseed expellers (RSE) and rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs. In Experiment 1, a total of 36 growing barrows were fed six diets in a replicated 3 × 2 factorial design. Diets included a corn–soybean meal basal diet, RSE diet, and RSM diet with or without multi-enzyme (1000 U g−1 of cellulase, 10 000 U g−1 of xylanase, 2000 U g−1 of glucanase, and 10 000 U g−1 of protease). In Experiment 2, a total of 30 crossbred pigs were randomly allotted to five diets consisting of a nitrogen-free diet and four cornstarch-based diets containing RSE or RSM with or without multi-enzyme. Multi-enzyme supplementation significantly improved (P < 0.05) the metabolizable energy (ME) value and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, and it tended to increase (P < 0.10) the ATTD of gross energy and digestible energy in ingredients. With the exception of phenylalanine, multi-enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the SID of crude protein (CP) and all amino acids (AA) in ingredients. Multi-enzyme supplementation enhanced fiber degradation and increased the ME value and SID of CP as well as most AA in double-low rapeseed co-products fed to pigs.

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Effects of Fermentation on Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids and Apparent Metabolizable Energy in Rapeseed Meal Fed to Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10101774 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1774

Author(s):

Zhengke Wu ◽

Jiao Liu ◽

Jiang Chen ◽

Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado ◽

Yang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Isoleucine Leucine ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Apparent Metabolizable Energy

Rapeseed meal (RSM) is a common protein ingredient in animal diets, while the proportion of RSM in diets is limited because of its anti-nutritional factors. Fermentation based on mixed microbial strains appears to be a suitable approach to improve the nutritive value of rapeseed meal in animal feed. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fermentation on the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids in RSM fed broilers. The AME and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of RSM and fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) were determined by the substitution method, with RSM and FRSM proportionally replacing the energy-yielding components of the basal diet by 30%. Results show that fermentation improved AME and AMEn of RSM from 7.44 to 8.51 MJ/kg and from 7.17 to 8.26 MJ/kg, respectively. In the second experiment, two experimental diets were formulated, with RSM and FRSM being the sole sources of amino acids. A nitrogen-free diet (NFD) was also formulated to determine endogenous amino acids losses (EAAL). Feeding on FRSM resulted in higher (p < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and SID of alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, lysine, arginine, and phenylalanine. No significant differences between RSM and FRSM were found for AID and SID of asparagine, histidine, threonine, serine, glutamine, praline, glycine, methionine, and cystine. FRSM had greater AMEn values and SID of amino acids compared to RSM, therefore, FRSM was nutritionally superior to RSM in broiler diets.

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Excessive heating of 00-rapeseed meal reduces not only amino acid digestibility but also metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Maryane S F Oliveira ◽

Markus K Wiltafsky-Martin ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Sole Source ◽

Heating Time ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Ileal Digestibility

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that both the degree of heating and the time that heat is applied will affect the concentration of DE and ME, and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in 00-rapeseed meal (00-RSM) fed to growing pigs. The nine treatments were prepared using a conventional 00-RSM that was either not autoclaved or autoclaved at 110 °C for 15 or 30 min or at 150 °C for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 min. In experiment 1, 20 growing barrows with an average initial BW of 21.2 ± 1.2 kg were randomly allotted to the 10 diets in a replicated 10 × 4 Youden square with 10 diets and four periods in each square. A corn-based basal diet and nine diets containing corn and each source of 00-RSM were formulated. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 5 d after 7 d of adaptation. In experiment 2, nine diets contained one of the nine sources of 00-RSM as the sole source of AA, and an N-free diet that was used to measure basal endogenous losses of AA and CP was formulated. Twenty growing barrows with an initial BW of 69.8 ± 5.7 kg had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to a 10 × 7 Youden square design with 10 diets and 7 periods. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each 7-d period. Results from the experiments indicated that there were no effects of autoclaving at 110 °C on DE and ME or on AID and SID of AA in 00-RSM, but DE and ME, and AID and SID of AA were less (P < 0.01) if 00-RSM was autoclaved at 150 °C compared with 110 °C. At 150 °C, there were decreases (quadratic, P < 0.05) in DE and ME, and in AID and SID of AA as heating time increased. In conclusion, autoclaving at 110 °C did not affect ME or SID of AA in 00-RSM, but autoclaving at 150 °C had negative effects on ME and SID of AA and the negative effects increased as heating time increased.

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Voluntary food intake in the young pig

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00003062 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 51-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. R. Fowler ◽

B. P. Gill

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Soya Bean ◽

The Body ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Sudden Loss ◽

Weaned Piglet ◽

Defence Strategy ◽

Voluntary Food Intake

AbstractDuring the 1st week of life the energy contained in the body of the average piglet increases by a factor between four and five. To achieve this increase the piglet must ingest metabolizable energy (ME) at a rate which is about four times its maintenance requirement. Well over half the ME supplied in the milk of the sow is in the form of emulsified fat. Whilst the piglet is being suckled, its intake is controlled by litter size, availability of teats and productiveness of the mammary gland. At 3 weeks of age the normal piglet requires about 7.8 MJ digestible energy to sustain a live growth rate of 280 g/day. At this stage the growth comprises about 40 g protein and about 68 g fat. This means that the required intake for a newly weaned piglet on a typical starter diet should be about 475 g/day. In practice such intakes are rarely achieved for several days, therefore weaning causes severe disruption of intake and of the growth curve and there are other factors involved including social disturbance and stress. Further problems are caused by the provision of diets which are unsuited to the physiology of the piglet's immature digestive tract. The sudden loss of the IgA component and indeed other protective factors contained in the dam's milk can be extremely serious, and the reduction in food intake is effectively a defence strategy by the piglet to cope with its new circumstances and try to maintain physiological homoeostasis. In some circumstances the use of antibacterial agents, organic acids or probiotics may be beneficial, but the approach is less reliable than careful formulation of the diet to avoid provocative ingredients such as soya-bean and rapeseed meal.

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Metabolizable energy of corn, soybean meal and wheat for laying hens

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps/pez333 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (11) ◽

pp. 5876-5882 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shahram Barzegar ◽

Shu-Biao Wu ◽

Jean Noblet ◽

Robert A Swick

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Metabolizable Energy

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The Effects upon the intake and performance of store lambs of supplementing grass silage with barley, fish meal and rapeseed meal

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100031901 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 111-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

K. Yilala ◽

M. J. Bryant

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Live Weight ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

N Retention ◽

Live Weight Gain ◽

Grass Silage ◽

And Performance ◽

Daily Intakes

ABSTRACTTwo experiments are described in which individually-penned Suffolk × (Blue-faced Leicester × Swaledale) lambs were given complete diets based on grass silage, and voluntary intake, live-weight gain and nitrogen (N) retention were measured.Experiment 1 investigated the effects of supplements of fish meal (0, 60 and 120 g/kg diet dry matter (DM)) and barley (0, 150 and 300 g/kg diet DM) in a 3 × 3 design using 72 lambs. The lambs averaged 35 kg live weight at the start of the 47-day experiment. Fish-meal supplements increased daily intakes of diet DM, silage DM and metabolizable energy (ME), and improved daily gains, carcass weights and N retention. Barley supplements increased daily intakes of diet DM and ME, but reduced silage DM intake; live-weight gain, carcass weight and N retention were all improved.Experiment 2 investigated the effects of supplements of rapeseed meal (0 and 120 g/kg diet DM) in two forms (untreated and formaldehyde-treated) and barley (0 and 150 g/kg diet DM) in a 2 × 2 × 2 design with two missing treatments and using 48 lambs. The lambs averaged 39 kg live weight at the start of the 42-day experiment. Rapeseed meal supplements increased daily intakes of diet DM, silage DM and ME, and improved daily gains, carcass weights and N retention. Form of rapeseed meal had no effect. Barley increased diet DM and ME intakes and improved daily gains and carcass weights.

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RAPESEED MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN DIETS OF PROGENY FROM SOWS FED EITHER PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas68-025 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 189-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. P. Bowland ◽

F. W. Schuld

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Protein Source ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

Initial Weight

First- and second-litter progeny from sows fed either 0 or 8% solvent-extracted rapeseed meal in replacement for isonitrogenous amounts of soybean meal and wheat was used to evaluate solvent-extracted rapeseed meal as a protein source. There was no influence of the dam’s diet on gain, efficiency of feed utilization, digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) or digestible nitrogen (DN) and nitrogen retention in the progeny. In pigs from first litters, the feeding of 8% rapeseed meal, compared with 0% rapeseed meal, depressed feed intake and rate of gain in the finishing period from 55 to 90 kg liveweight, and resulted in reduced gain and poorer efficiency of feed utilization for the overall experiment from 6 kg initial weight. Carcasses from rapeseed meal-fed pigs were leaner. Gilt carcasses were leaner than barrow carcasses. With second-litter pigs, there were no significant differences associated with dietary treatment or sex. There were no significant differences in DE or ME or in DN and nitrogen retention between pigs receiving 0 or 8% rapeseed meal in either the starting diets at 6 weeks of age or the growing diets at 40 kg liveweight.

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