Understanding the Heterogeneity in Exercise-Induced Changes in Glucose Metabolism to Help Optimize Treatment Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Changes in Glucose Metabolism Promote Physiological Cardiac Growth

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 136 (22) ◽  
pp. 2144-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Gibb ◽  
Paul N. Epstein ◽  
Shizuka Uchida ◽  
Yuting Zheng ◽  
Lindsey A. McNally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cardiac Growth ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals The Ability of Exercise to Mitigate Caloric Restriction-Induced Bone Loss in Older Adults: A Structured Review of RCTs and Narrative Review of Exercise-Induced Changes in Bone Biomarkers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Wherry ◽  
Ryan M. Miller ◽  
Sarah H. Jeong ◽  
Kristen M. Beavers
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Biomarkers ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

Despite the adverse metabolic and functional consequences of obesity, caloric restriction- (CR) induced weight loss is often contra-indicated in older adults with obesity due to the accompanying loss of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and subsequent increased risk of fracture. Several studies show a positive effect of exercise on aBMD among weight-stable older adults; however, data on the ability of exercise to mitigate bone loss secondary to CR are surprisingly equivocal. The purpose of this review is to provide a focused update of the randomized controlled trial literature assessing the efficacy of exercise as a countermeasure to CR-induced bone loss among older adults. Secondarily, we present data demonstrating the occurrence of exercise-induced changes in bone biomarkers, offering insight into why exercise is not more effective than observed in mitigating CR-induced bone loss.

Relationship between Body Image and Percent Body Fat among Male and Female College Students Enrolled in an Introductory 14-Week Weight-Training Course

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1075-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Craig Huddy ◽  
Robert L. Johnson ◽  
Michael H. Stone ◽  
Christopher M. Proulx ◽  
Katherine A. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Skinfold Measurements ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

Students (39 men and 27 women) from a southern university, who were enrolled in a 14-wk. introductory weight-training course, were administered a 20-item body-image questionnaire and subsequently underwent skinfold measurements to assess percent body fat. Mean scores were correlated with percent body fat. For men, women, and both sexes combined correlations were significant and inverse ( rs = −.68, −.41, −.66, respectively). Body image as measured was inversely related to percent body fat among these college students. Researchers should examine how dietary and exercise-induced changes in adiposity (pre-post design) influence scores on body image.

Carbohydrate and Protein Supplements, an Effective Means for Maintaining Exercise-Induced Glucose Metabolism Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120-1128
Author(s):  
Dingguo Ruan ◽  
Hong Deng ◽  
Xiaoyang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study aimed to verify the effects of an independently developed carbohydrate and protein (CHO+P) beverage (7.2% oligosaccharide and 1.6% soy-polypeptide) supplement on exerciseinduced glucose metabolism and associated gene expression. Mice received 1 mL/100 g body weight of normal saline (group C; n = 36) or CHO+P (group E; n = 36) at 30 min before an immediately after exercise. Mice without exercise and supplementation served as normal controls (group NC; n = 9). The expression levels related to glucose metabolism were measured at 0, 4, 12, and 24 h after exercise (n = 9 per group). The blood glucose, insulin, and liver glycogen contents in groups C and E were dramatically lower than group NC immediately after exercise. Those in group E were significantly higher than group C, with few differences between the two. Muscle glycogen was restored more quickly when the CHO+P beverage was consumed compared to normal saline. Furthermore, exercise-induced increase in glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) mRNA could be depressed by CHO+P supplementation but enhanced in GLUT-4 protein. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed a double peak curve in the recovery period, but IL-6 increased again in group E earlier than group C. These findings confirmed that the beverage has significantly improved time in maintaining blood glucose stability, reducing glycogen consumption, accelerating glycogen resynthesis, and repairing injury in rats. This study suggests the future application of this beverage in humans with experimental support and provides a scientific direction for promoting glycogen synthesis and recovery through nutrition.

The influence of vigorous aerobic exercise on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and estradiol in young, healthy women as a function of the menstrual cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ahmad ◽  
Rodney Hansen ◽  
Matthew Schmolesky
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Serum Bdnf

AbstractResearch suggests strong inter-relationships between physical exercise, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), levels of estrogen, and the menstrual cycle, and yet no single study has examined these factors collectively in humans. The current study assessed the effect of an acute bout of vigorous aerobic exercise (20 minutes of stationary cycling at 80% of heart rate reserve) on serum BDNF and estradiol in healthy, eumenorrheic women, ages 18-28. In addition, this study determined whether basal BDNF or the exercise-induced increase in BDNF varies throughout the menstrual cycle. Thirty-four subjects were assigned to an experimental (n = 27) or control condition (n = 7). Exercise transiently increased both estradiol (51.2%) and BDNF (23.6%), and basal levels of BDNF and estradiol predicted the magnitude of the exercise-induced increases. Basal BDNF did not vary significantly throughout the menstrual cycle. Exercise-induced changes in BDNF did not correlate with menstrual cycle day or basal estradiol. Basal estradiol and basal BDNF showed a marginally significant positive correlation. Taken together, these results indicate that brief, vigorous aerobic exercise is sufficient to elevate both BDNF and estradiol in healthy women and that the menstrual cycle dramatically influences the magnitude of exercise-induced changes in estradiol, but not BDNF

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