scholarly journals Multifunctional Coatings of Titanium Implants Toward Promoting Osseointegration and Preventing Infection: Recent Developments

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Lu ◽  
Zichen Wu ◽  
Kehui Xu ◽  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Stable Chemical ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Insight Into

Titanium and its alloys are dominant material for orthopedic/dental implants due to their stable chemical properties and good biocompatibility. However, aseptic loosening and peri-implant infection remain problems that may lead to implant removal eventually. The ideal orthopedic implant should possess both osteogenic and antibacterial properties and do proper assistance to in situ inflammatory cells for anti-microbe and tissue repair. Recent advances in surface modification have provided various strategies to procure the harmonious relationship between implant and its microenvironment. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest strategies to endow titanium implants with bio-function and anti-infection properties. We state the methods they use to preparing these efficient surfaces and offer further insight into the interaction between these devices and the local biological environment. Finally, we discuss the unmet needs and current challenges in the development of ideal materials for bone implantation.

scholarly journals Visualization is crucial for understanding microbial processes in the ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1786) ◽  
pp. 20190083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Sebastián ◽  
Josep M. Gasol
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Single Cell Activity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Do So

Recent developments in community and single-cell genomic approaches have provided an unprecedented amount of information on the ecology of microbes in the aquatic environment. However, linkages between each specific microbe's identity and their in situ level of activity (be it growth, division or just metabolic activity) are much more scarce. The ultimate goal of marine microbial ecology is to understand how the environment determines the types of different microbes in nature, their function, morphology and cell-to-cell interactions and to do so we should gather three levels of information, the genomic (including identity), the functional (activity or growth), and the morphological, and for as many individual cells as possible. We present a brief overview of methodologies applied to address single-cell activity in marine prokaryotes, together with a discussion of the difficulties in identifying and categorizing activity and growth. We then provide and discuss some examples showing how visualization has been pivotal for challenging established paradigms and for understanding the role of microbes in the environment, unveiling processes and interactions that otherwise would have been overlooked. We conclude by stating that more effort should be directed towards integrating visualization in future approaches if we want to gain a comprehensive insight into how microbes contribute to the functioning of ecosystems. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.

scholarly journals Comets

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 762-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. A’Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Wave Data ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Real Size ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Earth-based observations of comets far surpass the ability of in situ observations to understand the range of cometary properties and thus provide unique insight into the relationship between comets and the formation of the solar system. Recent developments in composition have emphasized near-IR and mm-wave data, although optical and ultraviolet data still play crucial roles. Observers now realize the importance of chemistry in the coma. Surveys of nuclear sizes are beginning to provide a real size distribution and we have recent examples of breakup that provide important information on structure.

Bioactive cellulose fibres with silver nanoparticles

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kulpinski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Dissolution ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
E Coli

AbstractCellulose fibres were prepared from N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as a direct solvent. The specific chemical properties of NMMO allow in-situ silver particles to be generated during the process of cellulose dissolution. The fibres obtained contained 0.005% (50 ppm) to 3% w/w of silver. The SEM images showed that the silver particles size is in the range between 30 and 330 nm. The antibacterial properties of the cellulose fibres obtained showed their high bioactivity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The mechanical properties, the size of silver crystallites and SEM images of the fibres obtained were examined.

MBE Growth of Artificially-Layered Magnetic Metal Structures on Semiconductors

1990 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F.C. Farrow ◽  
C.H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mbe Growth ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Magnetic Metal ◽  
Semiconductor Substrates ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Deposition Techniques ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractIn this review, recent developments in MBE growth of artificially-layered magnetic metal structures on semiconductor substrates are considered. It is seen that the ability to seed specific orientations of such structures and to probe their structural and chemical properties with a variety of in situ probes are key advantages of MBE over more conventional deposition techniques.

scholarly journals Catalytic Conversion of Lignin in an Isopropanol/formic Acid Medium With Nimo Catalyst Promoted by W Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Lu ◽  
Hossain Mahmud Robin ◽  
Haoquan Guo ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Pengcheng Xiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Product Evolution ◽  
Stable Chemical ◽  
Nimo Catalysts

Abstract Background: Large amounts of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) are generated with the production of cellulosic bioethanol. Efficient degradation and upgrading of EHL is significant for the sustainable and stable development of energy supply.Results: In this study, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of EHL to biofuels was carried out promoted by the in situ hydrogen donor produced from the decomposition of formic acid over NiMo catalysts. Results showed that active sites (derived from the support SiO2, W, and NiMo species) had remarkable effect on lignin conversion, and the highest oil yield (57.2 wt%) was gained over NiMo/W-SiO2 catalyst. Conclusions: The product evolution demonstrated that active metal sites (derived from NiMo species) favored hydrogenolysis and deoxygenation via leading in situ hydrogen to attack C-O-C bonds, while acid sites (derived from the support) adsorbed and activated chemical bonds in lignin, resulting in the linkage cleavage caused by the heating program. The obtained bio-oil was rich in alkyl guaiacols (6.7 wt%), containing stable chemical properties and high quality.

scholarly journals A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON PHARMACEUTICAL AND NUTRITIONAL APPLICATIONS OF INULIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
C. SAI KISHAN ◽  
AKHILA A. R. ◽  
SUBHASHREE SAHOO ◽  
P. K. KULKARNI
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Essential Chemical ◽  
Insight Into

Inulin is a versatile, water-soluble polysaccharide that is commonly available in nature. In the pharmaceutical industry, the non-digestible function of inulin has made it attractive. Inulin is granted with GRAS status by the FDA and more than 30,000 plants in nature store inulin as a carbohydrate. The chicory is the key plant source of inulin out of all sources. It can be used as the sugar or fat replacer in the processed foods to influence the desirable characteristics. Good biocompatibility, essential chemical properties, and a wide variety of bioactivities have rendered inulin an outstanding natural nutrient. Regulating blood sugar, antioxidant, anticancer is some of the biological activities of inulin. Inulin can also be a carrier for colon/tumor targeting, as only specific enzymes in the colon zhydrolyze the inulin. It allows the growth of micro-flora, the good bacteria in the gut. Inulin is considered as a prebiotic as it is fermented by bacteria that normalize the colon. This review offers an in-depth insight into its novel Pharmaceutical applications as well as sources, processing, physicochemical properties, and nutritional and physiological activities. The chemically modified inulin is gaining a specific interest in the pharmaceutical field with its outstanding properties which are discussed in this review.

Cathodoluminescence of Catalyst Crystallites

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
E.D. Boyes ◽  
P.L. Gai ◽  
D.B. Darby ◽  
C. Warwick
Keyword(s):  
Defect Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Environmental Cell ◽  
High Resolution Structure ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Crystallographic Defects ◽  
Resolution Structure

The extended crystallographic defects introduced into some oxide catalysts under operating conditions may be a consequence and accommodation of the changes produced by the catalytic activity, rather than always being the origin of the reactivity. Operation without such defects has been established for the commercially important tellurium molybdate system. in addition it is clear that the point defect density and the electronic structure can both have a significant influence on the chemical properties and hence on the effectiveness (activity and selectivity) of the material as a catalyst. SEM/probe techniques more commonly applied to semiconductor materials, have been investigated to supplement the information obtained from in-situ environmental cell HVEM, ultra-high resolution structure imaging and more conventional AEM and EPMA chemical microanalysis.

No fear of George Kingsley Zipf

10.1558/37291 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-263
Author(s):  
Stefano Rastelli ◽  
Kook-Hee Gil
Keyword(s):  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Classroom Research ◽  
Language Design ◽  
Efficient Computation ◽  
Generative Linguistics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Factor Effect ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Insight Into

This paper offers a new insight into GenSLA classroom research in light of recent developments in the Minimalist Program (MP). Recent research in GenSLA has shown how generative linguistics and acquisition studies can inform the language classroom, mostly focusing on what linguistic aspects of target properties should be integrated as a part of the classroom input. Based on insights from Chomsky’s ‘three factors for language design’ – which bring together the Faculty of Language, input and general principles of economy and efficient computation (the third factor effect) for language development – we put forward a theoretical rationale for how classroom research can offer a unique environment to test the learnability in L2 through the statistical enhancement of the input to which learners are exposed.

Green Synthesized Nanomaterials as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment: Principles, Challenges and the Road Ahead

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pala Rajasekharreddy ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Siddhardha Busi ◽  
Jobina Rajkumari ◽  
Ming-Hong Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Insight Into

With the emergence of nanotechnology, new methods have been developed for engineering various nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Nanotheranostics is a burgeoning research field with tremendous prospects for the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. However, the development of biocompatible and efficient drug/gene delivery theranostic systems still remains a challenge. Green synthetic approach of nanoparticles with low capital and operating expenses, reduced environmental pollution and better biocompatibility and stability is a latest and novel field, which is advantageous over chemical or physical nanoparticle synthesis methods. In this article, we summarize the recent research progresses related to green synthesized nanoparticles for cancer theranostic applications, and we also conclude with a look at the current challenges and insight into the future directions based on recent developments in these areas.

Recent Developments in the Asymmetric Detrifluoroacetylative Reactions of in situ Generated Mono-Fluorinated Enolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 2181-2191
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Ziyi Li ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
Jianlin Han ◽  
Hiroki Moriwaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Synthetic Methodology ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Synthetic Organic Chemistry ◽  
Nucleophilic Reactions ◽  
F Center ◽  
Recent Developments

The development of an efficient and mild synthetic methodology for the construction of bioactive fluorine-containing molecules represents one of the hot research topics in general synthetic organic chemistry. In this review, some recent progresses achieved in the development of detrifluoroacetylatively generated mono-fluorinated enolates via CC bond cleavage and their asymmetric nucleophilic reactions for assembly of chiral quaternary C-F center containing compounds.

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