scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Adipogenesis in Development of Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Pant ◽  
Priyanka Firmal ◽  
Vibhuti Kumar Shah ◽  
Aftab Alam ◽  
Samit Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Epigenetic Events ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Altered Gene

Obesity is one of the biggest public health concerns identified by an increase in adipose tissue mass as a result of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Pertaining to the importance of adipose tissue in various biological processes, any alteration in its function results in impaired metabolic health. In this review, we discuss how adipose tissue maintains the metabolic health through secretion of various adipokines and inflammatory mediators and how its dysfunction leads to the development of severe metabolic disorders and influences cancer progression. Impairment in the adipocyte function occurs due to individuals’ genetics and/or environmental factor(s) that largely affect the epigenetic profile leading to altered gene expression and onset of obesity in adults. Moreover, several crucial aspects of adipose biology, including the regulation of different transcription factors, are controlled by epigenetic events. Therefore, understanding the intricacies of adipogenesis is crucial for recognizing its relevance in underlying disease conditions and identifying the therapeutic interventions for obesity and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Effect of VPAC1 Blockade on Adipose Tissue Formation and Composition in Mouse Models of Nutritionally Induced Obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Roger Lijnen ◽  
Kathleen Freson ◽  
Marc F. Hoylaerts
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background. The pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) may affect adipogenesis and adipose tissue formation through interaction with its G-protein-coupled receptor VPAC1.Methods. We have used a monoclonal antibody (MAb 23A11) blocking VPAC1 in mouse models of nutritionally induced obesity.Results. Administration of MAb 23A11 (25 mg/kg body weight i.p. twice weekly) to 5-week old male C57Bl/6 mice kept on a high-fat diet for 15 weeks had no significant effect on weight gain, nor on subcutaneous (SC) or gonadal (GON) adipose tissue mass, as compared to the control MAb 1C8. However, adipocyte hypertrophy was observed in SC adipose tissue of MAb 23A11 treated mice. In a second study, 24 weeks old obese mice were treated for 5 weeks with MAb 23A11, without effect on body weight or fat mass, as compared to treatment with MAb 1C8. In addition, MAb 23A11 had no significant effect on glucose tolerance or insulin resistance in lean or obese C57Bl/6 mice.Conclusion. Blocking VPAC1 does not significantly affect adipose tissue formation in mouse models of diet-induced obesity, although it may be associated with mild adipocyte hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Obesity and lung inflammation

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 722-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Increased Risk

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically worldwide, predisposing individuals to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Less recognized is the fact that obesity may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases through mechanisms that may involve proinflammatory mediators produced in adipose tissue that contribute to a low-grade state of systemic inflammation. In animal models, inflammatory responses in the lung have been shown to influence the production of the adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin, cytokines, acute phase proteins, and other mediators produced by adipose tissue that may participate in immune responses of the lung. An increased adipose tissue mass may also influence susceptibility to pulmonary infections, enhance pulmonary inflammation associated with environmental exposures, and exacerbate airway obstruction in preexisting lung disease. An increased understanding of the mechanisms by which obesity influences pulmonary inflammation may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of lung disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of adipose tissue mass with anthropometric and visualization methods; its relation to the components of the metabolic syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
T N Markova ◽  
V A Kichigin ◽  
V N Diomidova ◽  
D S Markov ◽  
O V Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Measurements

We performed an estimation of body fat using ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and anthropometry in 60 patients with different types of body weight (BW). Correlation of waist circumference (WC), thickness of subcutaneous fat and visceral fat with components of the metabolic syndrome was studied comparatively between ultrasound and MRI measurements. We noted a preferential increase in the thickness of visceral fat compared with subcutaneous with increasing degree of BW. Significant increase in adipose tissue and the development of metabolic disorders occurs in overweight, making it the state close to obesity. During a routine ultrasound of the abdomen it is advisable to determine the thickness of subcutaneous and visceral fat separately.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs: The Link Between the Metabolic Syndrome and Oncogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6337
Author(s):  
Adriana Fodor ◽  
Andrada Luciana Lazar ◽  
Cristina Buchman ◽  
Brandusa Tiperciuc ◽  
Olga Hilda Orasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Target Therapies ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Type Two Diabetes

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of disorders that increase the risk of a plethora of conditions, in particular type two diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancers. MetS is a complex entity characterized by a chronic inflammatory state that implies dysregulations of adipokins and proinflammatory cytokins together with hormonal and growth factors imbalances. Of great interest is the implication of microRNA (miRNA, miR), non-coding RNA, in cancer genesis, progression, and metastasis. The adipose tissue serves as an important source of miRs, which represent a novel class of adipokines, that play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. Altered miRs secretion in the adipose tissue, in the context of MetS, might explain their implication in the oncogenesis. The interplay between miRs expressed in adipose tissue, their dysregulation and cancer pathogenesis are still intriguing, taking into consideration the fact that miRNAs show both carcinogenic and tumor suppressor effects. The aim of our review was to discuss the latest publications concerning the implication of miRs dysregulation in MetS and their significance in tumoral signaling pathways. Furthermore, we emphasized the role of miRNAs as potential target therapies and their implication in cancer progression and metastasis.

Correction of morphofunctional disorders with grapes polyphenols in rats with experimental metabolic syndrome

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Ю.И. Шрамко ◽  
А.В. Кубышкин ◽  
А.А. Давыдова ◽  
И.И. Фомочкина ◽  
Л.Л. Алиев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Grape Polyphenols ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Experimental Group

Цель работы состояла в изучении влияния полифенолов винограда на органы-мишени при экспериментальном метаболическом синдроме у крыс. Методы. В течение 12 недель полифенолы винограда применялись у крыс линии Вистар. Все крысы находились на стандартном рационе. Животные были разделены на 6 групп: 1-я контрольная получала питьевую воду; 2-я контрольная и все 4 экспериментальные - 2,5% раствор фруктозы в качестве питья. 1-я экспериментальная группа дополнительно получала препарат «Фэнокор» с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 181,53 г/дм, 2-я экспериментальная - виноматериал с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 1,73 г/дм; 3-я экспериментальная - виноматериал с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 4,33 г/дм и 4-я экспериментальная - виноматериал с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 8,58 г/дм. После окончания опыта у крыс проводили морфологические исследования висцеральной жировой ткани, тканей миокарда и печени. Результаты. Анализ результатов показал, что применение полифенольных продуктов переработки винограда в концентрациях 181,53 г/дм при моделировании метаболического синдрома приводило к минимизации морфофункциональных нарушений в висцеральной жировой ткани (уменьшение интенсивности лимфоплазмоцитарной инфильтрации), миокарде (мышечные волокна имели типичное строение и адипоциты между ними встречались лишь очагово) и печени (имелись лишь слабые очаговые дистрофические изменения гепатоцитов). Заключение. Результаты работы свидетельствуют о возможности применения виноматериалов с наибольшей концентрацией полифенолов и препарата «Фэнокор» в коррекции и профилактике поражений при метаболическом синдроме. The aim of this work was to study the effect of grape polyphenols on target organs in rats with experimental metabolic syndrome. Methods. Grape polyphenols were used in Wistar rats for 12 weeks. All rats received a standard diet. The animals were divided into 6 groups: group 1, control, received drinking water; group 2, the second control, and four experimental groups received a 2.5% fructose solution for drinking. The first experimental group additionally received a drug, Fenocor, containing polyphenols at 181.53 g/dm; the second experimental group - wine material containing polyphenols at 1,73 g/dm; the third experimental group - wine material containing polyphenols at 4,33 g/dm; and the fourth experimental group - wine material containing polyphenols at 8,58 g/dm. At the end of experiment, morphological studies of visceral adipose tissue, myocardial tissue, and hepatic tissue were performed. Results. The treatment of rats with experimental metabolic syndrome with grape polyphenolic products at a concentration of 181.53 g/dm minimized morphological and functional disorders in visceral adipose tissue (intensity of lymphoplasmocytic infiltration was decreased), myocardium (muscle fibers had normal structure with only occasional adipocytes between them), and liver (only slight focal degenerative changes were observed in hepatocytes). Conclusion. The study indicated a possibility of using wine materials with the highest concentration of polyphenols and the drug Fenocor for correction and prevention of damages in metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Transglutaminases and Obesity in Humans: Association of F13A1 to Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Adipose Tissue Immune Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8289
Author(s):  
Mari T. Kaartinen ◽  
Mansi Arora ◽  
Sini Heinonen ◽  
Aila Rissanen ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Gene Enrichment ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Mz Twins

Transglutaminases TG2 and FXIII-A have recently been linked to adipose tissue biology and obesity, however, human studies for TG family members in adipocytes have not been conducted. In this study, we investigated the association of TGM family members to acquired weight gain in a rare set of monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for body weight, i.e., heavy–lean twin pairs. We report that F13A1 is the only TGM family member showing significantly altered, higher expression in adipose tissue of the heavier twin. Our previous work linked adipocyte F13A1 to increased weight, body fat mass, adipocyte size, and pro-inflammatory pathways. Here, we explored further the link of F13A1 to adipocyte size in the MZ twins via a previously conducted TWA study that was further mined for genes that specifically associate to hypertrophic adipocytes. We report that differential expression of F13A1 (ΔHeavy–Lean) associated with 47 genes which were linked via gene enrichment analysis to immune response, leucocyte and neutrophil activation, as well as cytokine response and signaling. Our work brings further support to the role of F13A1 in the human adipose tissue pathology, suggesting a role in the cascade that links hypertrophic adipocytes with inflammation.

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