scholarly journals The Role of Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt Signaling Pathways in the Resistance of Tumors to Anticancer Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Mohit Vashishta ◽  
Lin Kong ◽  
Xiaodong Wu ◽  
Jiade J. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cancer Management

Resistance to therapy is the major hurdle in the current cancer management. Cancer cells often rewire their cellular process to alternate mechanisms to resist the deleterious effect mounted by different therapeutic approaches. The major signaling pathways involved in the developmental process, such as Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt, play a vital role in development, tumorigenesis, and also in the resistance to the various anticancer therapies. Understanding how cancer utilizes these developmental pathways in acquiring the resistance to the multi-therapeutic approach cancer can give rise to a new insight of the anti-therapy resistance mechanisms, which can be explored for the development of a novel therapeutic approach. We present a brief overview of Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt signaling pathways in cancer and its role in providing resistance to various cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Understanding the importance of these molecular networks will provide a rational basis for novel and safer combined anticancer therapeutic approaches for the improvement of cancer treatment by overcoming drug resistance.

scholarly journals Potent pro-apoptotic combination therapy is highly effective in a broad range of cancers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Montinaro ◽  
Itziar Areso Zubiaur ◽  
Julia Saggau ◽  
Anna-Laura Kretz ◽  
Rute M. M. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
New Treatment

AbstractPrimary or acquired therapy resistance is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of cancer. Resistance to apoptosis has long been thought to contribute to therapy resistance. We show here that recombinant TRAIL and CDK9 inhibition cooperate in killing cells derived from a broad range of cancers, importantly without inducing detectable adverse events. Remarkably, the combination of TRAIL with CDK9 inhibition was also highly effective on cancers resistant to both, standard-of-care chemotherapy and various targeted therapeutic approaches. Dynamic BH3 profiling revealed that, mechanistically, combining TRAIL with CDK9 inhibition induced a drastic increase in the mitochondrial priming of cancer cells. Intriguingly, this increase occurred irrespective of whether the cancer cells were sensitive or resistant to chemo- or targeted therapy. We conclude that this pro-apoptotic combination therapy has the potential to serve as a highly effective new treatment option for a variety of different cancers. Notably, this includes cancers that are resistant to currently available treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Recent Progress of Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Applications

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh-Toi Chu ◽  
Tiep Tien Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Le Bao Tien ◽  
Dang-Khoa Tran ◽  
Jee-Heon Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Potential Applications

The insufficient and unspecific target of traditional therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment often leads to therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Over the past decades, accumulating discoveries about stem cell biology have provided new potential approaches to cure cancer patients. Stem cells possess unique biological actions, including self-renewal, directional migration, differentiation, and modulatory effects on other cells, which can be utilized as regenerative medicine, therapeutic carriers, drug targeting, and generation of immune cells. In this review, we emphasize the mechanisms underlying the use of various types of stem cells in cancer treatment. In addition, we summarize recent progress in the clinical applications of stem cells, as well as common risks of this therapy. We finally give general directions for future studies, aiming to improve overall outcomes in the fight against cancer.

Resveratrol as an Adjuvant for Normal Tissues Protection and Tumor Sensitization

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keywan Mortezaee ◽  
Masoud Najafi ◽  
Bagher Farhood ◽  
Amirhossein Ahmadi ◽  
Dheyauldeen Shabeeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Normal Tissue Toxicity

Cancer is one of the most complicated diseases in present-day medical science. Yearly, several studies suggest various strategies for preventing carcinogenesis. Furthermore, experiments for the treatment of cancer with low side effects are ongoing. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are the most common non-invasive strategies for cancer treatment. One of the most challenging issues encountered with these modalities is low effectiveness, as well as normal tissue toxicity for chemo-radiation therapy. The use of some agents as adjuvants has been suggested to improve tumor responses and also alleviate normal tissue toxicity. Resveratrol, a natural flavonoid, has attracted a lot of attention for the management of both tumor and normal tissue responses to various modalities of cancer therapy. As an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, in vitro and in vivo studies show that it is able to mitigate chemo-radiation toxicity in normal tissues. However, clinical studies to confirm the usage of resveratrol as a chemo-radioprotector are lacking. In addition, it can sensitize various types of cancer cells to both chemotherapy drugs and radiation. In recent years, some clinical studies suggested that resveratrol may have an effect on inducing cancer cell killing. Yet, clinical translation of resveratrol has not yielded desirable results for the combination of resveratrol with radiotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the potential role of resveratrol for preserving normal tissues and sensitization of cancer cells in combination with different cancer treatment modalities.

scholarly journals The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Tumor Progression

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Rushikesh S. Joshi ◽  
Samanvi S. Kanugula ◽  
Sweta Sudhir ◽  
Matheus P. Pereira ◽  
Saket Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Genomic Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Breast Cancers

In the era of genomic medicine, cancer treatment has become more personalized as novel therapeutic targets and pathways are identified. Research over the past decade has shown the increasing importance of how the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is a major structural component of the TME, regulate oncogenic functions including tumor progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, therapy resistance, and immune cell modulation, amongst others. Within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been identified in several systemic cancers as critical regulators of the malignant cancer phenotype. This review of the literature comprehensively profiles the roles of CAFs implicated in gastrointestinal, endocrine, head and neck, skin, genitourinary, lung, and breast cancers. The ubiquitous presence of CAFs highlights their significance as modulators of cancer progression and has led to the subsequent characterization of potential therapeutic targets, which may help advance the cancer treatment paradigm to determine the next generation of cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of the key roles that CAFs play in the scope of systemic disease, the mechanisms by which they enhance protumoral effects, and the primary CAF-related markers that may offer potential targets for novel therapeutics.

scholarly journals Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells to promote/suppress cancer: two sides of the same coin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameneh Jafari ◽  
Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani ◽  
Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi ◽  
Hakimeh Zali ◽  
Hassan Niknejad
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Human Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Growth And Aging

AbstractCancer is a leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries, and because of population growth and aging, it is a growing medical burden worldwide. With robust development in medicine, the use of stem cells has opened new treatment modalities in cancer therapy. In adult stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are showing rising promise in cancer treatment due to their unique properties. Among different sources of MSCs, human amniotic fluid/membrane is an attractive and suitable reservoir. There are conflicting opinions about the role of human amniotic membrane/fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCS/hAFMSCs) in cancer, as some studies demonstrating the anticancer effects of these cells and others suggesting their progressive effects on cancer. This review focuses on recent findings about the role of hAMSCs/hAFMSCs in cancer treatment and summarizes the suppressing as well as promoting effects of these cells on cancer progression and underling mechanisms.

scholarly journals P9 A study to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric cancer patients: an international, multicentre, observational cohort study (COVIDPaedsCancer)

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Soham Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Paediatric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Childhood cancers are a leading cause of non-communicable disease deaths for paediatric patients around the world. The COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted on global children’s cancer services, which can have consequences for childhood cancer outcomes. The Global Health Research Group on Children’s Non-Communicable Diseases (Global Children’s NCDs) is currently undertaking the first international study to determine the variation in paediatric cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the short to medium term impacts on childhood cancer outcomes. Methods and analysis This is a multicentre, international, cohort study that will use routinely collected hospital data in a de-identified and anonymised form. Patients will be recruited consecutively into the study, with a 12 -month follow-up period. Patients will be included if they are below the age of 18 years and undergoing anti-cancer treatment for the following cancers: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Burkitt’s Lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Wilms Tumour, Sarcoma, Retinoblastoma, Gliomas, Medulloblastomas and Neuroblastomas. Patients must be newly presented or be undergoing active anti-cancer treatment from the 12th March 2020 to the 12th December 2020. The primary objective of the study is to determine 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality rates. This study will examine the factors that influenced these outcomes. Chi-squared analysis will be used to compare mortality between low and middle-income countries and high-income countries. Multilevel, multivariate logistic regression analysis will be undertaken to identify patient-level and hospital-level factors affecting outcomes with adjustment for confounding factors. Ethics and dissemination At the host centre, this study was deemed to be exempt from ethical committee approval due to the use of anonymised registry data. At other centres, participating collaborators have gained local approvals in accordance with their institutional ethical regulations. Collaborators will be encouraged to present the results locally, nationally, and internationally. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer reviewed journal.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-Assisted Hormone Cell Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Resistance

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Crescenzo Massaro ◽  
Elham Safadeh ◽  
Giulia Sgueglia ◽  
Hendrik G. Stunnenberg ◽  
Lucia Altucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Substantial Progress

Despite substantial progress in cancer therapy, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, mainly due to the acquisition of resistance and disease recurrence in patients. Growing evidence indicates that deregulation of hormone signaling pathways and their cross-talk with other signaling cascades inside CRC cells may have an impact on therapy resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small conserved non-coding RNAs thatfunction as negative regulators in many gene expression processes. Key studies have identified miRNA alterations in cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and assessment of miRNAs role in hormone signaling pathways in CRC drug resistance and their potential as future targets for overcoming resistance to treatment.

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