scholarly journals A New PNA-FISH Probe Targeting Fannyhessea vaginae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia G. V. Sousa ◽  
Joana Castro ◽  
Angela França ◽  
Carina Almeida ◽  
Christina A. Muzny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Nucleic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Pna Fish ◽  
Atopobium Vaginae

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women of reproductive age and has been associated with serious health complications, mainly in pregnant women. It is characterized by a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus species in the healthy vaginal microbiota and an overgrowth of strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria that develop a polymicrobial biofilm. Despite over 60 years of research investigating BV, its etiology is not fully understood. Gardnerella spp. is a crucial microorganism that contributes to the formation of the biofilm and the development of BV, but the role of other BV-associated bacteria is not clear. Nevertheless, Fannyhessea vaginae (previously known as Atopobium vaginae) is a highly specific species for BV, and co-colonization with Gardnerella is thought to be a very specific diagnostic marker. The diagnosis of BV still presents some limitations, since currently used methods often fail to accurately detect BV. This work aims to develop a novel peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe targeting F. vaginae. This probe was further validated in a multiplex assay, which included a Gardnerella-specific PNA probe, as a possible method for diagnosis of BV, and was compared with quantification by qPCR. The new PNA probe showed excellent sensitivity and specificity and could discriminate F. vaginae-Gardnerella biofilms, confirming the potential to be used for the detection of BV-associated pathogens.

An update on the role of Atopobium vaginae in bacterial vaginosis: what to consider when choosing a treatment?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Werner Mendling ◽  
◽  
Ana Palmeira‑de‑Oliveira ◽  
Stephan Biber ◽  
Valdas Prasauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Dequalinium Chloride ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Atopobium Vaginae

Introduction. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder in reproductive-age women. The condition is characterised by the replacement of a healthy, lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbiota by anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. BV increases the risk of acquisition of STIs and is associated with pregnancy complications. Although the composition of the bacteria in BV varies between individuals, there are some species such as Gardnerella, Atopobium, Mycoplasma, Snethia, Megasphera, Dialister, etc., that are found most frequently. Material and methods. Literature research to the importance of Atopobium vaginae in BV and treatment options. Results. Atopobium (A.) vaginae is an important component of the complex abnormal vaginal flora in BV; even though A. vaginae, like Gardnerella vaginalis, has also been detected in the normal flora, it is much more common in BV patients. A. vaginae has been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiology of BV and is thought to be at least a partial cause of the known negative sequelae. The presence of A. vaginae in the BV-associated biofilms and its resistance to some antimicrobial substances has been described – this seems to have a major impact on treatment outcome. Conclusion. Current scientific data demonstrate that dequalinium chloride (Fluomycin®) is one of the valid therapeutic options for BV treatment, since it displays a broad antimicrobial spectrum against relevant vaginal pathogens, especially against G. vaginalis and A. vaginae, without having safety concerns. Key words: Bacterial vaginosis, Bacterial biofilm, Atopobium vaginae, Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Dequalinium chloride, Microbial resistance

scholarly journals Bacterial vaginosis: evaluation of the effectiveness of simultaneous treatment of sexual partners

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-431
Author(s):  
V. A. Okhlopkov ◽  
S. V. Barinov ◽  
Yu. I. Tirskaya ◽  
Turan Shakhin kyzy Babaeva ◽  
L. B. Sinelnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Atopobium Vaginae

BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common diseases affecting women of reproductive age. The main problem of BV is the low efficiency of traditional methods of treatment with a frequent recurrence of up to 50%. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 59 patients were examined and treated with the diagnosis of BV, which was confirmed in accordance with the Amsel criteria. The main group included women with BV and their male partners, whereas the compared group included only women with BV. All women were treated with systemic metronidazole and topical clindamycin, and suppositories with lactic acid were prescribed at the second stage. The men partners were treated systemically with metronidazole and topically with clindamycin. RESULTS: Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, and Prevotella were the most commonly identified bacteria in the vaginal discharge. In men, BV-associated bacteria were found in the foreskin of the glans penis and distal urethra. The similarity of the microflora of the genital organs of women and their male partners was determined. In women with sexual partners who were treated 6 months after the therapy, the number of BV-associated bacteria was detected two or more times less frequently than in patients in the comparison group. For the men, the number of complaints and clinical symptoms significantly decreased after the treatment. Significant decreases in Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Prevotella spp., Leptotrichia amnionii, and Mobiluncus were achieved in the foreskin and Gardnerella in the urethra. In the main group of women, the frequency of BV recurrences recorded was 2.3 times less than that in the comparison group. CONCLUSION: The treatment of partners of women with BV effectively reduces the growth of BV-associated bacteria and significantly decreases the frequency of recurrences.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the ejaculate microbiota by real-time PCR and culture-based technique

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
ES Voroshilina ◽  
DL Zornikov ◽  
EA Panacheva
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Among other things male sterility can be caused by inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract, often associated with opportunistic microorganisms. Thus, it is necessary to implement modern methods for the detection and identification of opportunistic microorganisms in the urogenital tract. The aim of the work was to conduct comparative analysis of the ejaculate microbiota from men of the reproductive age and studied using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture method. 86 samples of ejaculate collected from men aged 18–57 years after observing sexual abstinence for 3–5 days were examined. With culture study in 50% of samples we observed growth of gram positive facultative anaerobic bacteria in the amount less than 103 CFU/ml; in 16.3% of samples — the growth of bacteria was not observed. With real-time PCR in each sample 8–15 groups of microorganisms were detected (including the prevailing groups) in the amount of 102–106 GE/ml. In all 86 samples obligate anaerobes that cannot not be cultured in vitro were detected. The predominant groups of microorganisms, as determined by real-time PCR, were detected by the culture method only in 24.4% of cases.

The Role of Vitamin B6 in Reducing Serum Prolactin in Comparison to Cabergoline

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suha J. Witwit
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis

Hyperprolactinemia is a common endocrine disorder of hypothalamic-pituitary axis. It affect about 4-17% of women in reproductive age and about 3-10% of patients with polycystic ovaries. Vitamin B6 is an effective prolactin inhibitor that is extremely cheap and safe.it exerts hypothalamic dopaminergic effect which causes a significant reduction in prolactin level. The aim of the study is To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin B6 in reducing serum prolactin in Hyperprolactinemic patient. Compare this effect to that of cabergoline.

The role of orexin A in pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep disorder in postmenopausal women

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Zukhra Kh. Ebzieva ◽  
Svetlana V. Yureneva ◽  
Tatiana Yu. Ivanets
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Menopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vasomotor Symptoms ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of serum orexin A levels in women of different age periods with and without sleep disorder and vasomotor symptoms. To evaluate the dynamics of orexin A levels under menopausal hormone therapy. Materials and methods. The study included 50 postmenopausal women and 30 women of reproductive age with a regular menstrual cycle. Using block randomization, patients are divided into 3 groups: group 1 (main group), n=25, -STRAW+ 10 (+1b and +1c), patients with sleep disorder and vasomotor symptoms; group 2 (comparison group), n=25, STRAW+ 10 (+1b and +1c), patients with vasomotor symptoms without sleep disorder; group 3 (control group), n=30, STRAW+ 10 (-4), women of reproductive age without sleep disorder. Group 1 patients were given menopausal hormone therapy. A comparative analysis was carried out using the questionnaire for assessing menopausal symptoms severity by the Greene Scale (the Greene Climacteric Scale) and Rating Scale for subjective sleep characteristics. After 12 weeks of treatment, a control examination was performed. Results. In group 1 women, the serum orexin A levels were significantly higher compared to the women without the symptoms. The link between the orexin A levels and menopause syndrome severity was established. A significant decrease in the menopausal symptoms severity after 12 weeks of menopausal hormone therapy was shown. It was accompanied by a 1,3-fold decrease in orexin A levels. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate the possible role of orexin A and the orexin neuropeptide system in the pathogenesis of sleep disorder and vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women.

CHANGES IN SMALL INTESTINE MICROFLORA IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
V. M. Lykhman ◽  
O. M. Shevchenko ◽  
Ye. O. Bilodid ◽  
Igor Vladimirovich Volchenko ◽  
I. A. Kulyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Acute Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Among urgent surgical diseases of abdominal cavity, an acute intestinal obstruction is the most difficult to be diagnosed and treated. Leading factor, determining the development of pathophysiological processes is considered to be the progressive manifestations of enteric insufficiency syndrome, resulting in intestinal barrier impairment, negative changes in ecology of intestinal flora, increased endotoxins. To identify the small intestine microflora in acute intestinal obstruction and determine the role of dysbiotic disorders in clinical manifestations of main pathological process, a study was conducted in 60 patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction. The small intestine has a relatively rare microflora, consisting mainly of gram−positive facultative aerobic microorganisms, streptococci, lactobacilli. The distal ileum in nearly 30−55 % of healthy people contains scanty microflora, and yet the flora of this area differs from the microbial population of the higher gastrointestinal tract due to higher concentration of gram−negative bacteria. Optional−anaerobic coliform bacilli, anaerobic bifidobacteria and fusobacteria, bacteroids, the number of which starts exceeding the one of gram−positive species, are presented in significant quantities. Distal to the ileocecal valve there are significant changes in the microflora quantitative and species composition. Obligatory anaerobic bacteria become the predominant part of microflora, exceeding the number of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. The bacterial flora in different parts of gastrointestinal tract has its own specifics and is quite constant, as a result of the interaction of many factors, regulating the bacterial population in small intestine. The most important among them are: acidity of gastric juice, normal peristaltic activity of the intestine, bacterial interactions and immune mechanisms. Disorders of the intestine motor and evacuation function with its obstruction lead to slow passage of the chyme and contamination of the upper gastrointestinal tract with new types of microbes. There is a syndrome of small intestine excessive colonization, which means an increased concentration of bacterial populations in it, similar in species composition to the colon microflora. Pathological intra−intestinal contents become a source of endogenous infection and re−infection of the patient, leads to internal digestive disorders, which is manifested by syndrome of malabsorption of proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins. Key words: acute intestinal obstruction, small intestinal microflora, conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, intestinal biocenosis.

Role of filter media in an anaerobic fixed-bed reactor

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Miyahara ◽  
M. Takano ◽  
T. Noike
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the filter media and the behaviour of anaerobic bacteria was studied using anaerobic fixed-bed reactors. At an HRT of 48 hours, the number of suspended acidogenic bacteria was higher than those attached to the filter media. On the other hand, the number of attached methanogenic bacteria was more than ten times as higher than that of suspended ones. The numbers of suspended and deposited acidogenic and methanogenic bacteria in the reactor operated at an HRT of 3 hours were almost the same as those in the reactor operated at an HRT of 48 hours. Accumulation of attached bacteria was promoted by decreasing the HRT of the reactor. The number of acidogenic bacteria in the reactor packed sparsely with the filter media was higher than that in the closely packed reactor. The number of methanogenic bacteria in the sparsely packed reactor was lower than that in the closely packed reactor.

scholarly journals Colonocyte metabolism shapes the gut microbiota

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (6418) ◽  
pp. eaat9076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Litvak ◽  
Mariana X. Byndloss ◽  
Andreas J. Bäumler
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic ◽  
Control Switch ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

An imbalance in the colonic microbiota might underlie many human diseases, but the mechanisms that maintain homeostasis remain elusive. Recent insights suggest that colonocyte metabolism functions as a control switch, mediating a shift between homeostatic and dysbiotic communities. During homeostasis, colonocyte metabolism is directed toward oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in high epithelial oxygen consumption. The consequent epithelial hypoxia helps to maintain a microbial community dominated by obligate anaerobic bacteria, which provide benefit by converting fiber into fermentation products absorbed by the host. Conditions that alter the metabolism of the colonic epithelium increase epithelial oxygenation, thereby driving an expansion of facultative anaerobic bacteria, a hallmark of dysbiosis in the colon. Enteric pathogens subvert colonocyte metabolism to escape niche protection conferred by the gut microbiota. The reverse strategy, a metabolic reprogramming to restore colonocyte hypoxia, represents a promising new therapeutic approach for rebalancing the colonic microbiota in a broad spectrum of human diseases.

scholarly journals Characterization of symbiotic and associated bacteria from entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sp. (nematode: Heterorhabditidae) isolated from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Pervez ◽  
Showkat Ahmad Lone ◽  
Sasmita Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Approaches

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) harboring symbiotic bacteria are one of the safest alternatives to the chemical insecticides for the control of various insect pests. Infective juveniles of EPNs locate a target insect, enter through the openings, and reach the hemocoel, where they release the symbiotic bacteria and the target gets killed by the virulence factors of the bacteria. Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditis spp. are well documented; little is known about the associated bacteria. Main body In this study, we explored the presence of symbiotic and associated bacteria from Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09) and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Six bacterial isolates, belonging to four different genera, were recovered and identified as follows: Photorhabdus luminescens, one each strain of Providencia vermicola, Pseudomonas entomophila, Alcaligenes aquatilis, and two strains of Alcaligenes faecalis based on the phenotypic, biochemical criteria and the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion P. luminescens is symbiotically associated with Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09), whereas P. vermicola, P. entomophila, A. aquatilis, and A. faecalis are the associated bacteria. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of the bacterial associates with the Heterorhabditis sp.

scholarly journals Role of husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives for unmet need of family planning among married women of reproductive age in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Asif ◽  
Zahid Pervaiz ◽  
Jawad Rahim Afridi ◽  
Ghulam Abid ◽  
Zohra S. Lassi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Family planning services deliver a wide range of benefits to the well-being of females and the community. It can curtail the risk of maternal and neonatal mortality through the reduction in abortions and pregnancies. The government of Pakistan has been struggling to convince people about the usefulness of family planning programs. However, different factors related to social norms, values, and culture are important to determine the success of these programs. One such factor is the patriarchal structure of Pakistani society where most of the household decisions are made by men. The objective of this research is to examine the role of the husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives for the unmet need of family planning (UMNFP) among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in Pakistan. Method The dataset of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18 is utilized to examine the role of the husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives in UMNFP among MWRA in Pakistan. Results The UMNFP was considerably lower among MWRA between 40 years and above compared to women 15–19 years. The odds of UMNFP were higher among women and men who were educated up to the primary level compared to those with no education. Odds of UMNFP were higher among women from the poor wealth quintile compared to the poorest wealth quintile; similarly, it was significantly lower among women who were from the richer and the richest wealth quintile compared to the poorest wealth quintile. The odds of UMNFP were lower among women who were employed compared to those who were not employed. Lastly, the odds of UMNFP were higher among women whose husbands opposed to using contraceptives, who perceived that there was a religious prohibition for such use and when a decision on the contraception use was solely made by the husband. Conclusions Husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives is an important predictor of UMNFP. Liaising with the community and religious leaders to persuade people particularly men about the usefulness of family planning programs and encouraging men to understand their women’s say in using contraceptives should be encouraged.

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