scholarly journals Verbing and Linguistic Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Michaelis ◽  
Allen Minchun Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Formal Similarity ◽  
Construction Integration ◽  
Interpretive Strategies ◽  
Descriptive Framework

Denominal verbs are produced by a syntactic category shift, conversion, in which the word’s inflectional and combinatory potential change while its internal composition does not (Valera, 2015: 322). Perhaps no language owes as many of its verbs to the conversion strategy as English (Koutsoukos, 2021), the majority being denominal (noun-derived) verbs, e.g., Widespread seedless cultivars typically fruit twice yearly in the Caribbean. Denominal conversion has been the predominant method of verb creation since the 13th century (Gottfurcht, 2008), with the result that denominal verbs present a continuum of conventionality ranging from conventional verb-phrase replacements like paint, trash, pocket, mother to evanescent innovations like adulting and criming. Language users must rely on certain inferential strategies to figure out what novel denominal verbs mean, combining information from multiple sources, including salient properties of the source noun’s denotatum, the event structure of the clause in which that noun serves as a predicator, and socio-cultural knowledge. How exactly does this work? Our answer recalls the major lessons of Clark and Clark’s seminal 1979 paper “When Nouns Surface as Verbs”: denominal verbs have context-dependent rather than fixed meanings, and their interpretations rely on cooperation between speaker and hearer. These are lessons seemingly forgotten by proponents of recent, influential derivation-based accounts, which leverage the formal similarity between denominal verbs and noun-incorporating verbs like backstab and manspread. While, as discussed here, syntacticized approaches to semantic representation fail to account for the interpretive latitude that denominal verbs actually display, there are reasons to reject a strong view of context dependence as well. For Clark and Clark, interpretations of innovative denominal verbs either directly reflect criterial features of their source nouns or are ad hoc, derived from “moment-to-moment cooperation,” including gestures, allusions, and “other momentarily relevant facts about the conversation” (1979: 783). We argue that denominal interpretations are more tightly regulated, and involve reconciling the results of four distinct interpretive strategies: nominal frame computation, verb-construction integration, co-composition and, finally, conceptual blending. To describe these interpretive strategies, we bring to bear a suite of analytic tools developed to model everyday language understanding: Construction Grammar (Michaelis, 2004; Goldberg, 2006; Michaelis, 2011), enriched composition (Pustejovsky, 1998; Pustejovsky, 2012), Conceptual Blending Theory (Fauconnier and Turner, 2004), and Frame Semantics (Fillmore, 2006; Andor, 2010). In line with Clark and Clark’s (1979) convention for the interpretation of innovative denominal verbs, we argue that nouns used in innovative denominal formations are chosen based on relational properties of entities denoted by those nouns, whether common or proper (e.g., shape, behavior, composition, use, provenance). At the same time, the descriptive framework that we propose leaves fewer interpretive factors to vagaries of context.

Augmenting Medical Decision Making With Text-Based Search of Teaching File Repositories and Medical Ontologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Deshpande ◽  
Alexander Rasin ◽  
Eli T Brown ◽  
Jacob Furst ◽  
Steven M. Montner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Snomed Ct ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Teaching Files ◽  
Teaching Cases ◽  
Radiology Image

Teaching files are widely used by radiologists in the diagnostic process and for student education. Most hospitals maintain an active collection of teaching files for internal purposes, but many teaching files are also publicly available online, some linked to secondary sources. However, public sources offer very limited (and ad-hoc) search capabilities. Based on the previous work on data integration and text-based search, the authors extended their Integrated Radiology Image Search (IRIS 1.1) engine with a new medical ontology, SNOMED CT, and the ICD10 dictionary. IRIS 1.1 integrates public data sources and applies query expansion with exact and partial matches to find relevant teaching files. Using a set of 28 representative queries from multiple sources, the search engine finds more relevant teaching cases versus other publicly available search engines.

Developing management student cultural fluency for the real world

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxia Zhu ◽  
Tyler G. Okimoto ◽  
Amanda Roan ◽  
Henry Xu
Keyword(s):  
Learning Community ◽  
Real World ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The Real

Purpose To connect students with the real world of management practice, the purpose of this paper is to extend and operationalize the situated cultural learning approach (SiCuLA) through five learning processes occurring within communities of practice. These include integration of cultural contexts, authentic activities, reflections, facilitation, and the construction of a collaborative learning community. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the complex processes and principles of cultural learning, a multi-method approach is applied to an extensive comparative study of default and intervened cases within three management classes. Evidence is drawn from multiple sources of qualitative data including class observations, meeting minutes, focus groups, and group interviews with students and instructors. Findings Results indicated that in default cases, little explicit attention was given to a situated perspective of culture, or to the rich sources of cultural knowledge available among members of the classroom community. In contrast, following the intervention cases where SiCuLA was applied, there was strong evidence that much more attention was given to enhancing student contextual knowledge. Nonetheless, there were some challenges in applying these processes within the classroom context. Originality/value This is the first study to extend and operationalize SiCuLA in a classroom setting. More importantly, the evidence forms the empirical basis for deriving theoretical principles for cross-cultural management (CCM) education and training. It contributes to studying cultural contexts as sources of knowledge for learning through active co-participation. It also contributes to positive CCM learning with an emphasis on human agency that encourages students to take more responsibility and ownership of their cultural learning.

Opportunistic Channel Scheduling for Ad Hoc Networks with Queue Stability

Frequenz ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Dong ◽  
Yongchao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Channel Access ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Current Channel ◽  
Access Problem ◽  
Channel Scheduling ◽  
Opportunistic Channel Access ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Stability

AbstractIn this paper, a distributed opportunistic channel access strategy in ad hoc network is proposed. We consider the multiple sources contend for the transmission opportunity, the winner source decides to transmit or restart contention based on the current channel condition. Owing to real data assumption at all links, the decision still needs to consider the stability of the queues. We formulate the channel opportunistic scheduling as a constrained optimization problem which maximizes the system average throughput with the constraints that the queues of all links are stable. The proposed optimization model is solved by Lyapunov stability in queueing theory. The successive channel access problem is decoupled into single optimal stopping problem at every frame and solved with

Multilevel grounded semantics across cognitive modalities: Music, vision, poetry

2021 ◽  
pp. 096394702199918
Author(s):  
Mihailo Antović
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
John Donne ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Ralph Vaughan Williams ◽  
Last Supper ◽  
Original Application

This article extends the author’s theory of multilevel grounding in meaning generation from its original application to music to the domains of visual cognition and poetry. Based on the notions of ground from the philosophy of language and conceptual blending from cognitive linguistics, the approach views semiosis in works of art as a series of successive mappings couched in a set of six hierarchical, recursive levels of constraint or grounding boxes: (1) perceptual, parsing the stimulus into formal gestalten; (2) cross-modal, motivating schematic correspondences between the stimulus so structured and the listener’s embodied experience; (3) affective, ascribing to this embodied appreciation dynamic sensations, as in the distinction between tense and lax parts of the perceptual flow; (4) conceptual, drawing analogies between such schematic and affective appreciation and elementary experiential imagery, resulting in outlines of narratives; (5) culturally rich, checking such a narrative outline against the recipient’s cultural knowledge; and (6) individual, adding to the levels above idiosyncratic recollections from the participant’s personal experience. The goal of the analysis is to show that the interpretation of constructs from different semiotic modes (music, vision and language) may rely on the same grounding levels as it ultimately depends on the same perceptual, embodied and contextual circumstances. Specifically, the article uses the system to analyse the possible reception of a section from the romance for violin and orchestra ‘The Lark Ascending’ by Ralph Vaughan Williams, the painting ‘The Last Supper’ by Leonardo da Vinci and the poem ‘No Man Is an Island’ by John Donne.

Could sexually transmissible infections be contributing to the increase in HIV infections among men who have sex with men in Australia?

Sexual Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie G. Middleton ◽  
Andrew E. Grulich ◽  
Ann M. McDonald ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
Jane S. Hocking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Urban Men ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Sex With Men

Background: To review existing data on sexually transmissible infections (STI) in men who have sex with men in Australia in order to determine the possible contribution of STI to diverging trends in HIV notifications in different states. Methods: We reviewed data from multiple sources, including routine national surveillance data, laboratory surveillance data, self-reported information on STI testing in men who have sex with men and ad hoc reports of STI prevalence. Results: We found increasing rates of gonorrhoea and infectious syphilis notifications in urban men in Australia between 1997 and 2006, and increasing rates of chlamydia notifications in men aged 30–49 years. There was little difference in these trends by state. Differences in the population groups sampled meant we were unable to gain further information on trends in men who have sex with men from these studies. Data on STI testing showed an increase in anal STI testing between 2003 and 2006, which may have increased the number of diagnoses of chlamydia and gonorrhoea for men who have sex with men during this period. Conclusions: Over the past 10 years, there has been a substantial increase in diagnoses of gonorrhoea and infectious syphilis, and probably chlamydia, in men who have sex with men in Australia. However, it is unlikely that changes in the pattern of STI transmission are responsible for the recent divergence in HIV rates between Australian states because there is little evidence that trends in STI also differ by state.

Resilient P2P Video Streaming over an Urban VANET

2012 ◽  
pp. 262-287
Author(s):  
Nadia N. Qadri ◽  
Martin Fleury ◽  
Mohammed Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Video Streaming ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Video Codec ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Flexible Macroblock Ordering ◽  
The Impact

This Chapter proposes the concept of resilient multi-source streaming using a peer-to-peer overlay network over an urban vehicular ad-hoc network. Peer-to-peer overlay networks with multiple sources have proven to be robust, distributed solutions to multimedia transport, including streaming. To achieve video streaming over a vehicular ad-hoc network overlay, the Chapter introduces spatial partitioning of a video stream based on flexible macroblock ordering. Flexible macroblock ordering is an error resilient feature of an H.264 video codec in which macroblocks can be assigned to slices in non-raster scan order. Furthermore, the Chapter examines the impact of differing traffic densities and road layouts upon a peer-to-peer overlay network’s performance when streaming video. The research demonstrates that the vehicles’ mobility pattern and their drivers’ behaviors need to be carefully modeled to determine signal reception. The Chapter also considers the impact of the wireless channel, which also should be more realistically modeled, compared to the usual two-ray path loss model.

scholarly journals HBIM IMPLEMENTATION FOR AN OTTOMAN MOSQUE. CASE OF STUDY: SULTAN MEHMET FATIH II MOSQUE IN KOSOVO

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
F. Di Stefano ◽  
E. S. Malinverni ◽  
R. Pierdicca ◽  
G. Fangi ◽  
S. Ejupi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Modelling Environment ◽  
Building Components

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> <i>National Strategy For Cultural Heritage 2017–2027</i> is a Kosovo Government document that aims the enhancement of the system for the protection and preservation of Kosovan cultural heritage. Among the listed goals, one can find the promotion of an integrated data management approach towards cooperation platforms that involve advanced technologies and information systems applied to cultural heritage. In a country with a low technological progress, as Kosovo is, an innovative information management system like HBIM is a huge challenge. This research contributes in opening the debate about the use of HBIM even for historical architecture, illustrating a methodology of information management promoting the conservation and the valorization of a Kosovan ottoman mosque. The workflow pipeline started with the close range photogrammetric survey, obtaining first spherical panoramas and then the wire-frame processed in a 3D modelling environment, suitable to implement the HBIM project. Basing on the accuracy of the data acquisition, the availability of information about the building and the related level of knowledge, we proposed a semantic representation of the complex structure integrating in an HBIM collecting in an “ad hoc” database the geometrical building components, enriched with attributes as images, materials, decay, interventions, etc., linked to each features. Our approach is an example of how efficient semantic classification can be repeated for the analysis and the documentation of other similar ottoman mosque, simplifying the management of construction by a sort of unique and searchable archive. The advantage of the interoperability concept allows the data sharing is now stressed by HBIM.</p>

Construction of a binary evaluative taxonomy within a story

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Neighborhood Organization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Drinking Session ◽  
Inherent Part

Abstract Making use of Occasioned Semantics, I look at how a taxonomy of different types of alcoholic beverages is constructed within a story told during the closing of a meeting at a neighborhood organization. The data are in Japanese with English translation. The use of taxonomic analysis within Occasioned Semantics is discussed, with a separate example. The story is shown to be placed at a point in the closing routine where an invitation to join a post-meeting drinking session is expectable. Within the story, the teller, Kaicho, who is the head of the organization, constructs an occasioned inclusion taxonomy of alcoholic beverages. He then adds two binary evaluative contrasts to the more specific level of the taxonomy. What Kaicho accomplishes through telling the story, what he accomplishes through constructing the taxonomy with its evaluative contrasts, and how the constructed taxonomy cannot be seen simply as the reflection of an underlying cognitive structure are discussed. It is argued that an ad hoc element is an inherent part of any actually occurring taxonomy. The role of cultural knowledge in the analysis of meaning in interaction is discussed.

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