scholarly journals Sharing Spaces and Entanglements With Big Cats: The Warli and Their Waghoba in Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramya Nair ◽  
Dhee ◽  
Omkar Patil ◽  
Nikit Surve ◽  
Anish Andheria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
The People ◽  
Societal Context ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
Sharing Space ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Long histories of sharing space and resources have built complex, robust, and enduring relationships between humans and wildlife in many communities across the world. In order to understand what makes it possible for humans and wildlife to share space, we have to look beyond the ecological and socio-economic study of damages caused by human-wildlife conflict and explore the cultural and societal context within which co-existence is embedded. We conducted an exploratory study on the institution of Waghoba, a big cat deity worshiped by the Indigenous Warli community in Maharashtra, India. Through our research, we found that the worship of Waghoba is highly prevalent, with 150 shrines dedicated to this deity across our study site. We also learnt that the Warlis believe in a reciprocal relationship, where Waghoba will protect them from the negative impacts of sharing spaces with big cats if the people worship the deity and conduct the required rituals, especially the annual festival of Waghbaras. We propose that such relationships facilitate the sharing spaces between humans and leopards that live in the landscape. The study also revealed the ways in which the range of institutions and stakeholders in the landscape shape the institution of Waghoba and thereby contribute to the human-leopard relationship in the landscape. This is relevant for present-day wildlife conservation because such traditional institutions are likely to act as tolerance-building mechanisms embedded within the local cosmology. Further, it is vital that the dominant stakeholders outside of the Warli community (such as the Forest Department, conservation biologists, and other non-Warli residents who interact with leopards) are informed about and sensitive to these cultural representations because it is not just the biological animal that the Warlis predominantly deal with.

scholarly journals Fido, Fluffy, and wildlife conservation: The environmental consequences of domesticated animals

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Twardek ◽  
Kathryn S. Peiman ◽  
Austin J. Gallagher ◽  
Steven J. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Behavioural Modification ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Humans have created a strong relationship with cats and dogs by domesticating them. Whether owned by a human or living feral, modern domestic cats and dogs interact extensively with people and the environment. The negative interactions between these domesticated animals and wildlife have been discussed in several reviews, but few reports have provided an overview of both the positive and negative impacts these domesticated animals have on wildlife conservation. Here, we describe the diverse issues associated with domestic cats and dogs and wildlife including predation, competition, pathogen transmission, hybridization, behavioural modification, harvest of wild animals for pet food, and creation of human–wildlife conflict. We then discuss their role in supporting conservation efforts (e.g., use in species identification and tracking, biological control), and shaping our social values towards animals and appreciation for nature. Finally, we suggest necessary steps to harmonize our relationship with cats and dogs and the conservation of wildlife. For owned animals, there is potential for pet owners to support conservation efforts through a ‘pet tax’ adopted by veterinary clinics and pet stores to be used for wildlife conservation. Moreover, information regarding the impacts of these animals on wildlife and potential solutions (e.g., voluntarily keeping cats and dogs inside or use of “pet curfews”, use of bells to alert wildlife to cats) should be made available to owners who are most likely to have an influence on the behaviour of their companion animal.

Peacemaking Rituals in the Context of Natural Disaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-299
Author(s):  
Urte Undine Frömming
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Space And Place ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Natural Catastrophes ◽  
The People ◽  
Clan Identity

This article is based on ethnographic fieldwork in Indonesia and will raise questions about the meaning that cultures ascribe to potentially dangerous natural spaces. By tracing the mythological and ritual life of the local clans of the Lamaholot and Ngada people, one can note that the entire cosmology and belief system of the people of Flores is tightly interwoven with the religious perception of space and place. Volcanoes play a key role in this belief system because the different clans see volcanoes as places of origin, though they also have a practical social function This article emphasizes the importance of volcanoes for individual and clan identity, and their function in the ideology of association and spiritual linkage between people, ancestors, and natural features. It furthermore examines the phenomenon of public confessions of guilt. These coincide with local interpretations of natural catastrophes as a result of the failure to respect local social values and norms and to fulfil religious duties. Consequently, the article argues, the idea of a dualism between humans and nature becomes irrelevant. Within this context, their reciprocal relationship with volcanoes enables clan groups in Flores to reconcile the unpredictability of nature with the dangerous and sometimes violent aspects of society.

scholarly journals Socio-economic impacts of migration on Tho Chu island commune, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 6187-6193
Author(s):  
Huong Le ◽  
Hoang Phi ◽  
Luu Dao ◽  
Yen Nguyen ◽  
Lien Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Labor Structure ◽  
Depth Interviews

Population arrangement to islands for settlement is one of the important policies in many ways of each nation. This study was conducted to provide an understanding of the current situation and impacts of the migration to Tho Chu Island, Phu Quoc District, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. In-depth interviews and survey questions were used to collect preliminary data on displaced people, insular living conditions, positive and negative impacts of the migration process on the socio-economic development on the island. They are also supplemented by secondary data which were collected from various sources in research process. The study shows that the migration to the island not only helps to supplement the labor force for the island, contributes to economic and labor structure restructuring on the island but also contributes to diversifying island economic activities and expand the space, enrich the cultural life of the island. However, the process of migration to the island also poses a number of problems for the people and the government on the island.

scholarly journals Local Wisdom Values of Maritime Community in Preserving Marine Resources in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Sem Touwe
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
Customary Laws ◽  
Living Objects

This study identifies and describes the local wisdom carried out by the coastal communities, especially the people of North Seram, Maluku in preserving the island and marine environment as well as the customary institutions in determining and guarding local wisdom of coastal communities to manage marine resources. The marine resource is started to weaken along with the development of modern technology. This paper provides contemporary phenomena regarding the weakness of customary laws and traditional institutions that regulate marine resources, including social values in the form of rituals, representing the relationship between humans and their environment. The protection of marine resources around them will be an important discussion to see the role of government and society in preserving marine and coastal resources. This study used a qualitative approach to produce descriptive explanations from reports, book reviews, and documents that describe theories and information of both past and present. The result is that the local wisdom maintained as superior cultural practices that are beneficial to human survival, especially in maintaining the sustainability and balance between humans and living objects.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP (PLTU) TANJUNG JATI B TERHADAP PERUBAHAN MATA PENCAHARIAN DAN TINGKAT PENDAPATAN (Desa Tubanan Kecamatan Kembang Kabupaten Jepara)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Ayuuk Nooraliza ◽  
Rudi Salam
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Steam Power Plant ◽  
The People ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Impacts

Tanjung Jati B Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is a power plant located in Tubanan Village, Kembang District, Jepara Regency. The existence of the PLTU construction causes various impacts on the surrounding community, such as changes in livelihoods and income levels. This article aims to 1) Describe the livelihoods of the people of Tubanan Village before and after the construction of PLTU Tanjung Jati B, 2) Describe the level of income of the people of Tubanan Village before and after the construction of PLTU Tanjung Jati B, (3) to describe the impacts caused by the existence of development of PLTU Tanjung Jati B. The results of this study found that 1) There were changes in livelihoods due to the construction of PLTU Tanjung Jati B such as housewives becoming parking guards, 2) Increased income of the people of Tubanan Village, 3) There were positive and negative impacts felt by the people of Tubanan Village. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) Tanjung Jati B merupakan salah satu pembangkit listrik yang berada di Desa Tubanan Kecamatan Kembang Kabupaten Jepara. Adanya pembangunan PLTU menyebabkan berbagai dampak terhadap masyarakat sekitar seperti perubahan mata pencaharian dan tingkat pendapatan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mendeskripsikan mata pencaharian masyarakat Desa Tubanan sebelum dan sesudah adanya pembangunan PLTU Tanjung Jati B, 2) Mendeskripsikan tingkat pendapatan masyarakat Desa Tubanan sebelum dan sesudah adanya pembangunan PLTU Tanjung Jati B, (3) untuk mendeskripsikan dampak yang diakibatkan oleh adanya pembangunan PLTU Tanjung Jati B. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa 1) Adanya perubahan mata pencaharian akibat pembangunan PLTU Tanjung Jati B, 2) Peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat Desa Tubanan, 3) Adanya dampak positif dan dampak negatif yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat Desa Tubanan.

scholarly journals Religion, Moral and Modernisation of Urban Society: A Study on the Roles of Religion in Youth Development in Lampung, Republic of Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Suhandi ◽  
Azhar Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Process Data ◽  
The People ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Multi Access ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Role Of Religion

Modernisation is the consequence of the demands of the development that brings negative impacts to the society. It is undeniable that modernization also brings abundance of positive impacts that ease the life of people and that modernization and humanization cannot be separated. In this context, the youth are considered as unstable being, who easily being controlled by multi-access communication technology; from social, fashion, behaviour, lifestyle, and ideology. Almost all of the damaging sides of technology affect the youth. Religion as the spiritual agent has a major role in combating this change in the society. Religion can act as the social control to hinder from immoral behaviour and worthless actions among the society. The main issue in the current study is to investigate the role of religion in strengthening the moral among the teenagers. This research was conducted by using qualitative method. Data were collected through observation, interview and documentation. The participants of this research were the people of the rural areas in Bandar Lampung. After data collection was carried out, the data were processed qualitatively using the data reduction process, data exposure, and data verification. To conclude, the existence of the negative effects of modernization resulted from lack of religious virtues and parents’ control over their children’s social behaviour.

Introduction

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Runciman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Cultural Representation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People

There have been claims that the Marxist approaches to the history are no longer tenable. This idea that Marx has lost such relevance to historiography is due to the failure of his prophesies, including the three particular assumptions: the anti-universalism, the neglect of cultural representation and discourses, and the success of capitalism. Anti-universalism claims that no history can ever be written, except from the historian's own point of view and the interests and values which come with it. In the case of Marx, whose main interest in history is the discovery of the path of man to communism, any claim to universal validity made him compromised from the outset by the local provenance of his and Engel's experience of capitalism and the intensity of their disapproval. The second assumption is Marx's neglect of cultural representations and discourses. By neglecting the sufferings and aspirations of the people who were the victims of capitalist exploitation, Marx missed the opportunity to give his moral denunciation of capitalism added perlocutionary force. The third assumption is the success of capitalism in beating the Marxists. On this view, Marx failed to allow the possibility that when the time came for the capitalist and socialist modes of production to compete directly with one another, it would be the capitalist modes of production that would be stronger between the two. Nevertheless, despite the failure of some of the Marxist prophesies and theories, it is nonetheless significant in the writing of history, which needs explanation. Marxism still has much to offer in the structural analysis of the development of history.

Hunting Hype

Eating Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kemmerer
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Conservation And Management ◽  
Hunting Ground

When faced with the ecological horrors of animal agriculture, some look to hunting as an escape—as the environmentally friendly way to put meat on the table. This chapter explores the environmental effects of hunting, exposing a handful of myths that help to make this sport appear to be environmentally friendly, animal friendly, socially acceptable—even morally exemplary. As noted, this book is written specifically for those who have a choice as to what they eat. This book is not a criticism of those who truly have few dietary options (for example, due to affordability or lack of availability). . . .For millennia men dreamed of acquiring absolute mastery over nature, of converting the cosmos into one immense hunting ground. . . . . . .—HORKHEIMER AND ADORNO 2 4 8 . . . In the United States, wildlife conservation was established by hunters for hunters because of hunters. In the late 19th century, Theodore Roosevelt complained that commercial hunters had decimated wildlife—that a comparatively small population of “market” hunters profited while the nation was stripped of hunter-target species (S. Fox 123). To address these concerns, he founded the Boone and Crockett Club (BCC) in 1897, with the following mission: “[T] o promote the conservation and management of wildlife, especially big game, and its habitat, to preserve and encourage hunting and to maintain the highest ethical standards of fair chase and sportsmanship in North America” (“About the B & C Club”). “Conservation” is a utilitarian, human-centered term promoting the protection of wildlife and wilderness for human use. Accordingly, the BCC promoted laws protecting “every citizen’s freedom to hunt and fish,” and established wildlife as “owned by the people and managed in trust for the people by government agencies” (“About the B & C Club”). As a result of the BCC, the U.S. government was placed in charge of managing wildlife on behalf of hunters.

The Sudanese Revolution of October 1964

1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Fadl Hasan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
Western Democracy ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Self Determination ◽  
Legislative Assembly

About 70 years ago, the Mahdist or Ansār state, in many ways a traditional Muslim government, crumbled under the fire of the Anglotional Egyptian cannons. On the condominium government that followed fell the task of pacifying the country and introducing western concepts of administration. All Sudanese attempts to defy foreign domination had failed completely by 1924. The British, the stronger of the two partners, had the lion's share in shaping the destiny of the country. Towards the end of World War II, the influential and educated Sudanese, like other Africans and Asians, demanded the right of self-determination. In 1946, in preparation for this, a sample of western democracy was introduced in the form of an Advisory Council. This Council, which was restricted to the northern Sudan, was followed two years later by the Legislative Assembly, which had slightly more powers. Although these democratic innovations were quite alien to the country and were introduced at a relatively late date, they were in keeping with traditional institutions. Until recently, the Sudan consisted of a number of tribal units where no classes or social distinctions existed and the tribal chief was no more than the first among equals; the people were therefore not accustomed to autocratic rule.

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