scholarly journals Toward a Medical Gastric Bypass: Chronic Feeding Studies With Liraglutide + PYY3-36 Combination Therapy in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Dischinger ◽  
Julia Hasinger ◽  
Malina Königsrainer ◽  
Carolin Corteville ◽  
Christoph Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

BackgroundCombination therapies of anorectic gut hormones partially mimic the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery. Thus far, the effects of a combined chronic systemic administration of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY3-36) have not been directly compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in a standardized experimental setting.MethodsHigh-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male Wistar rats were randomized into six treatment groups: (1) RYGB, (2) sham-operation (shams), (3) liraglutide, (4) PYY3-36, (5) PYY3-36+liraglutide (6), saline. Animals were kept on a free choice high- and low-fat diet. Food intake, preference, and body weight were measured daily for 4 weeks. Open field (OP) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were performed.ResultsRYGB reduced food intake and achieved sustained weight loss. Combined PYY3-36+liraglutide treatment led to similar and plateaued weight loss compared to RYGB. Combined PYY3-36+liraglutide treatment was superior to PYY3-36 (p ≤ 0.0001) and liraglutide (p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01) mono-therapy. PYY3-36+liraglutide treatment and RYGB also reduced overall food intake and (less pronounced) high-fat preference compared to controls. The animals showed no signs of abnormal behavior in OF or EPM.ConclusionsLiraglutide and PYY3-36 combination therapy vastly mimics reduced food intake, food choice and weight reducing benefits of RYGB.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN PRE AND POSTOPERATIVE LEVELS OF GLP-1/GLP-2 AND WEIGHT LOSS AFTER ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton CAZZO ◽  
◽  
Martinho Antonio GESTIC ◽  
Murillo Pimentel UTRINI ◽  
José Carlos PAREJA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Excess Loss ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Prospective Study

ABSTRACT Background: The role of gut hormones in glucose homeostasis and weight loss achievement and maintenance after bariatric surgery appears to be a key point in the understanding of the beneficial effects observed following these procedures. Aim: To determine whether there is a correlation between the pre and postoperative levels of both GLP-1 and GLP-2 and the excess weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methods: An exploratory prospective study which enrolled 11 individuals who underwent RYGB and were followed-up for 12 months. GLP-1 and GLP-2 after standard meal tolerance test (MTT) were determined before and after surgery and then correlated with the percentage of excess loss (%EWL). Results: GLP-2 AUC presented a significant postoperative increase (945.3±449.1 vs.1787.9±602.7; p=0.0037); GLP-1 AUC presented a non-significant trend towards increase after RYGB (709.6±320.4 vs. 1026.5±714.3; p=0.3808). Mean %EWL was 66.7±12.2%. There was not any significant correlation between both the pre and postoperative GLP-1 AUCs and GLP-2 AUCs and the %EWL achieved after one year. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between the pre and postoperative levels of the areas under the GLP-1 and GLP-2 curves with the percentage of weight loss reached after one year.

A New Physiologic Mouse Model of One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 320-328
Author(s):  
Andreas Kroh ◽  
Roman M. Eickhoff ◽  
Daniel Heise ◽  
Patrick H. Alizai ◽  
Karl P. Rheinwalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Fat

Background: One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is a modern metabolic operation that has been demonstrated to be a rapid, safe, and effective procedure. As for other bariatric operations, the mechanisms and long-term effects of this procedure remain largely unknown and are difficult to address in human studies. Here, we present a new physiologic mouse model for mechanistic and long-term investigations. Methods: Six-week-old C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and scheduled for OAGB or sham operation. Mice were observed for 2 weeks after the operation, and weight and metabolic condition were monitored. Results: Six mice were used to adapt the surgical technique. Afterwards, another 7 mice were scheduled for OAGB without further complications. The newly established OAGB procedure resulted in significant weight loss and improvement of glucose metabolism 2 weeks after the operation. Conclusions: The operation presented here is an easy-to-learn and physiologic mouse model of OAGB that can be used for further studies in mice.

Secretin as a satiation whisperer with the potential to turn into an obesity-curbing knight

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schnabl ◽  
Yongguo Li ◽  
Mueez U-Din ◽  
Martin Klingenspor
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract The obesity pandemic requires effective preventative and therapeutic intervention strategies. Successful and sustained obesity treatment is currently limited to bariatric surgery. Modulating the release of gut hormones is considered promising to mimic bariatric surgery with its beneficial effects on food intake, body weight and blood glucose levels. The gut peptide secretin was the first molecule to be termed a hormone; nevertheless, it only recently has been established as a legitimate anorexigenic peptide. In contrast to gut hormones that crosstalk with the brain either directly or by afferent neuronal projections, secretin mediates meal-associated brown fat thermogenesis to induce meal termination, thereby qualifying this physiological mechanism as an attractive, peripheral target for the treatment of obesity. In this perspective, it is of pivotal interest to deepen our yet superficial knowledge on the physiological roles of secretin as well as meal-associated thermogenesis in energy balance and body weight regulation. Of note, the emerging differences between meal-associated thermogenesis and cold-induced thermogenesis must be taken into account. In fact, there is no correlation between these two entities. In addition, the investigation of potential effects of secretin in hedonic-driven food intake, bariatric surgery as well as chronic treatment using suitable application strategies to overcome pharmacokinetic limitations will provide further insight into its potential to influence energy balance. The aim of this article is to review the facts on secretin’s metabolic effects, address prevailing gaps in our knowledge, and provide an overview on the opportunities and challenges of the therapeutic potential of secretin in body weight control.

Gastric Bypass Surgery Causes Body Weight Loss Without Reducing Food Intake in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne W. Furnes ◽  
Karin Tømmerås ◽  
Carl-Jørgen Arum ◽  
Chun-Mei Zhao ◽  
Duan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Body Weight Loss

Erratum to “Preoperative assessment of gut hormones does not correlate to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery”

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1412
Author(s):  
Malin Werling ◽  
Lars Fändriks ◽  
Royce P. Vincent ◽  
Gemma F. Cross ◽  
Carel W. le Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Preoperative Assessment

scholarly journals The Main and Interactive Effects of Fat and Sodium Contents of the Diet on Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rats (P08-038-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Jahan-Mihan ◽  
Kea Schwarz ◽  
Leila Nynia ◽  
Tatyana Kimble
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Sodium Diet

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the main and interactive effects of fat and sodium content of the diet on food intake, body weight and composition, glucose metabolism and blood pressure in male Wistar rats. Methods Male Wistar Rats (n = 48, initial body weight: 115.30 ± 1.73 g) were allocated into 4 groups (n = 12/group) and received one of the following diets: Normal sodium normal fat (NSNF), normal sodium high fat (NSHF), high sodium normal fat (HSNF), high sodium high fat (HSHF) diet for 12 weeks. Body weight (BW) and food intake (FI) were measured weekly. Short-term food intake (1, 2 and 12 hours food intake after 12 hours fasting) was measured at week 6. Body composition and organs’ weight were measured at week 12. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, pulse and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted at weeks 1, 4, 8 and 12. Results Regardless of sodium content, a greater FI (both gram and cal) was observed in rats fed normal fat diet compared with those fed high fat diet. Consistently, FI (g) at 1, 2 and 12 hours was higher in rats fed a normal fat diet. However, no difference in calorie intake was observed at any time point. Higher BW and fat (%) was observed in high fat diet groups. Moreover, greater kidneys’ weights was observed in high sodium diet groups. Fasting blood glucose was higher in rats fed a normal sodium diet compared with those fed a high sodium diet while the tAUC glucose response to glucose preload was higher in rats fed a high fat diet compared with those fed a normal fat diet which is consistent with higher body weight in high fat diet groups. Regardless of fat content of the diet, pulse was higher in rats fed a high sodium diet compared with those fed a normal sodium diet. No effect of either dietary sodium or fat content of the diet on SBP or DBP was observed. Conclusions Fat but not sodium content of the diet is a determining factor in regulation of FI and BW. Moreover, both fat and sodium content of the diet influence the glucose metabolism potentially through different mechanisms. While pulse is influenced by sodium content, the results of this study do not support the effect of sodium or fat content of the diet on either SBP or DBP. Funding Sources UNF, Brooks College of Health internal grant.

Preoperative assessment of gut hormones does not correlate to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Werling ◽  
Lars Fändriks ◽  
Vincent P. Royce ◽  
Gemma F. Cross ◽  
Carel W. le Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Preoperative Assessment

scholarly journals Protective role of melatonin against adipose-hepatic metabolic comorbidities in experimentally induced obese rat model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260546
Author(s):  
Mary J. Obayemi ◽  
Christopher O. Akintayo ◽  
Adesola A. Oniyide ◽  
Ayodeji Aturamu ◽  
Olabimpe C. Badejogbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background Adipose and hepatic metabolic dysfunctions are critical comorbidities that also aggravate insulin resistance in obese individuals. Melatonin is a low-cost agent and previous studies suggest that its use may promote metabolic health. However, its effects on some comorbidities associated with obesity are unknown. Herein, we investigated the hypothesis that melatonin supplementation would attenuate adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in male Wistar rats. Materials and methods Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were used: Control group received vehicle (normal saline), obese group received 40% high fat diet, melatonin-treated group received 4 mg/kg of melatonin, and obese plus melatonin group received 40% HFD and melatonin. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Results HFD caused increased food intake, body weight, insulin level, insulin resistance and plasma and liver lipid but decreased adipose lipid. In addition, HFD also increased plasma, adipose and liver malondialdehyde, IL-6, uric acid and decreased Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione, nitric oxide and circulating obestatin concentration. However, these deleterious effects except food intake were attenuated when supplemented with melatonin. Conclusion Taken together, the present results indicate that HFD exposure causes adipose-hepatic metabolic disturbance in obese animals, which are accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the present results suggest that melatonin supplementation attenuates adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction, accompanying obesity by suppression of oxidative stress/inflammation-dependent mechanism and increasing circulating obestatin.

scholarly journals Intact Leptin Receptor Signalling is not Required for the Sustained Weight Loss and Appetite Suppression Induced by Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed K. Hankir ◽  
Laura Rotzinger ◽  
Arno Nordbeck ◽  
Caroline Corteville ◽  
Annett Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Rats

Leptin is the archetypal adipokine that promotes a negative whole-body energy balance largely through its action on brain leptin receptors. As such, the sustained weight loss and food intake suppression induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery have been attributed to enhancement of endogenous leptin action. We formally revisited this idea in Zucker Fatty fa/fa rats, an established genetic model of leptin receptor deficiency, and carefully compared their body weight, food intake and oral glucose tolerance after RYGB with that of sham-operated fa/fa (obese) and sham-operated fa/+ (lean) rats. We found that RYGB rats sustainably lost body weight, which converged with that of lean rats and was 25.5 % lower than that of obese rats by the end of the 4 week study period. Correspondingly, daily food intake of RYGB rats was similar to that of lean rats from the second postoperative week, while it was always at least 33.9 % lower than that of obese rats. Further, oral glucose tolerance of RYGB rats was normalized at the forth postoperative week. These findings assert that leptin is not an essential mediator of the sustained weight loss and food intake suppression as well as the improved glycemic control induced by RYGB, and instead point to additional circulating and/or neural factors.

Pharmacotherapy for Weight Reduction: Bupropion/Naltrexone Drugs for Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2293-2295
Author(s):  
Sabeen Arjumand ◽  
Maira Bhatti ◽  
Zubaida Qayyum ◽  
Zarish Ghafoor ◽  
Fouzia Perveen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Melanocortin System ◽  
Major Mechanism

Background: There is no valid and accurate documentation on the combination therapy of bupropion along with naltrexone. The experimentations on these actions of combination drugs have resulted in rare success. Methods: A complex interaction occurs in the central and peripheral nervous system for reducing weight loss. It is difficult to find out the major mechanism of action of these drugs on weight reduction. Naltrexone and bupropion is the experimental combination for reducing the weight. For obesity, the combination of naltrexone/bupropion therapy’s mechanism working is still unknown. Results: The attempts for weight loss rarely have a long-term effect. It is an outcome of more likely some complex interaction between various peripheral and Central Nervous systems, and an overwhelming lack of real obesity treatment may be explained. Based on the evidence that obesity involves a change in the hypothalamic melanocortin system in addition to a brain reward system, which causes food craving and mood swings, this investigational combination therapy of NB was developed. Naltrexone and bupropion work in an interesting way. Conclusion: It affects the parts of the brain that influences food craving, food intake, eating behaviors, and loss of body weight. We will have a review on the working of naltrexone, and bupropion separately, and Vivo, current in vitro, and clinical evidence will be provided, describing how NB affects food intake and food craving. Keywords: CNS, obesity, medicine, weight lose, NB, therapy.

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