scholarly journals Maternal Chronodisruption Throughout Pregnancy Impairs Glucose Homeostasis and Adipose Tissue Physiology in the Male Rat Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Halabi ◽  
Hans G. Richter ◽  
Natalia Mendez ◽  
Thilo Kähne ◽  
Carlos Spichiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley

Compelling evidence in rats support the idea that gestational chronodisruption induces major changes in maternal circadian rhythms and fetal development and that these changes impact adult life at many physiological levels. Using a model of chronic photoperiod shifting throughout gestation (CPS), in which pregnant female rats (Sprague–Dawley strain; n = 16 per group) were exposed to lighting schedule manipulation every 3–4 days reversing the photoperiod completely or light/dark photoperiod (12/12; LD), we explored in the adult rat male offspring body weight gain, glucose homeostasis, adipose tissue content, adipose tissue response to norepinephrine (NE), and adipose tissue proteomic in the basal condition with standard diet (SD) and in response to high-fat diet (HFD). In adult CPS male (100–200 days old; n = 8 per group), we found increasing body weight, under SD and adiposity. Also, we found an increased response to intraperitoneal glucose (IGTT). After 12 weeks of HFD, white adipose tissue depots in CPS offspring were increased further, and higher IGTT and lower intraperitoneal insulin tolerance response were found, despite the lack of changes in food intake. In in vitro experiments, we observed that adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) glycerol response to NE from CPS offspring was decreased, and it was completely abolished by HFD. At the proteomic level, in CPS adipose tissue, 275 proteins displayed differential expression, compared with LD animals fed with a standard diet. Interestingly, CPS offspring and LD fed with HFD showed 20 proteins in common (2 upregulated and 18 downregulated). Based on these common proteins, the IPA analysis found that two functional pathways were significantly altered by CPS: network 1 (AKT/ERK) and network 2 (TNF/IL4; data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026315). The present data show that gestational chronodisruption induced deleterious effects in adipose tissue recruitment and function, supporting the idea that adipose tissue function was programmed in utero by gestational chronodisruption, inducing deficient metabolic responses that persist into adulthood.

scholarly journals Neonatal nutritional programming impairs adiponectin effects on energy homeostasis in adult life of male rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. E29-E37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Peduti Halah ◽  
Paula Beatriz Marangon ◽  
Jose Antunes-Rodrigues ◽  
Lucila L. K. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Nutritional Programming

Neonatal nutritional changes induce long-lasting effects on energy homeostasis. Adiponectin influences food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neonatal nutritional programming on the central stimulation of adiponectin. Male Wistar rats were divided on postnatal (PN) day 3 in litters of 3 (small litter, SL), 10 (normal litter, NL), or 16 pups/dam (large litter, LL). We assessed body weight gain for 60 days, adiponectin concentration, and white adipose tissue weight. We examined the response of SL, NL, and LL rats on body weight gain, food intake, oxygen consumption (V̇o2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), calorimetry, locomotor activity, phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression in the hypothalamus, and uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 in the brown adipose tissue after central stimulus with adiponectin. After weaning, SL rats maintained higher body weight gain despite similar food intake compared with NL rats. LL rats showed lower body weight at weaning, with a catch up afterward and higher food intake. Both LL and SL groups had decreased plasma concentrations of adiponectin at PN60. SL rats had increased white adipose tissue. Central injection of adiponectin decreased body weight and food intake and increased V̇o2, RER, calorimetry, p-AMPK and UCP- 1 expression in NL rats, but it had no effect on SL and LL rats, compared with the respective vehicle groups. In conclusion, neonatal under- and overfeeding induced an increase in body weight gain in juvenile and early adult life. Unresponsiveness to central effects of adiponectin contributes to the imbalance of the energy homeostasis in adult life induced by neonatal nutritional programming.

scholarly journals A Safety Evaluation of a Nature-Identical l-Ergothioneine in Sprague Dawley Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palma Ann Marone ◽  
Jan Trampota ◽  
Steven Weisman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

l-(+) Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring thiol amino acid with antioxidant properties and potential benefits as a dietary supplement. Despite its century-old identification and wide distribution in human food, little is known of its mechanism of action and safety. The nature-identical biomimetic of l-(+) ergothioneine, produced by Mironova Labs and supplied as Mironova (EGT+), has been investigated in the present studies for its mutagenic and toxicologic potential. In a plate incorporation and preincubation assay with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, 100, 1,535, and 1,537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA strain, at dose concentrations of 1.58, 5, 15.8, 50, 158, 500, 1,580, and 5,000 μg/plate with and without metabolic activation, no cytotoxicity or mutagenicity was observed. Following a preliminary 28-day study, a repeated dose 90-day gavage study at dose levels of 0, 400, 800, and 1,600 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d in Sprague Dawley rats, in which dose-proportional systemic absorption was confirmed by plasma analysis, no adverse clinical, body weight/gain, food consumption and efficiency, clinical pathology, or histopathological changes associated with the administration of the nature-identical ergothioneine were observed. In conclusion, EGT+ administered over 90 days was well tolerated with a no adverse effect level at 1,600 mg/kg bw/d, the highest dose tested for male and female rats. In addition, the nature-identical test substance, EGT+ was not mutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation assay at plate concentrations of up to 5,000 μg/mL in the presence or absence of metabolic activation.

scholarly journals Dietary curcumin supplement promotes browning and energy expenditure in postnatal overfed rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Zhu ◽  
Susu Du ◽  
Qinhui Yan ◽  
Cuiting Min ◽  
Nan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Normal Feeding

Abstract Background: Early postnatal overfeeding could result in metabolic imprinting that decreases energy expenditure following with white adipose tissue (WAT) gain throughout life. This research was to investigate whether curcumin (CUR) supplement could promote WAT browning and activate thermogenesis in postnatal overfed rats.Methods and results: This study adjusted the size of litters to three (small litters, SL) or ten (normal litters, NL) to mimic early postnatal overfeeding or normal feeding from postnatal day 3. From postnatal week 3 (weaning period), the SL rats were fed with a standard diet (SL) or a diet supplemented with 1% (SL1% CUR) or 2% (SL2% CUR) CUR for ten weeks. At postnatal week 13, SL rats with 1% or 2% CUR supplement had lower body weight and less WAT gain, had increased lean mass ratio, and their glucose tolerance and blood lipid levels had recovered to normal when compared to SL rats that did not receive the supplement. Moreover, increased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and heat generation were consistent with expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and other browning-related genes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of the SL2% CUR rats but not of the SL1% CUR rats. In addition, 2% CUR dietary supplement enhanced the serum norepinephrine (NE) levels in SL rats, with the upregulated mRNA levels of β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) in SAT.Conclusion: Dietary CUR supplement attenuates body weight gain and metabolic disorders in SL, which might be induced by promoting browning of SAT and energy expenditure. Moreover, the benefits were more obvious in SL with 2% CUR supplement.

Maternal aromatase inhibition via letrozole altered RFamide-related peptide-3 and gonadotropin releasing hormone expression in pubertal female rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shaaban ◽  
Amin Tamadon ◽  
Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Shirazi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Zamiri ◽  
Amin Derakhshanfar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Letrozole Treatment

Abstract Despite the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among childbearing women and the development of many animal models for this syndrome, information on its etiology is still scarce. Intrauterine hyperandrogenic environment may underlie changes at the levels of hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary organization in female offspring, and PCOS later in life. Letrozole, has been shown to mimic reproductive and metabolic characteristics of PCOS in adult rodent models. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the condition in a prenatal letrozole-treated rat model. Twenty-eight female rats from dams receiving letrozole at certain doses during late pregnancy were used in the trial. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 21) received letrozole treatment on days 16–18 gestation at doses 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg body weight (BW). Prenatal letrozole-treatment delayed parturition time and reduced the litter size in pregnant dams (P < 0.0001). Late puberty onset, irregular ovarian cyclicity, increased anogenital distance (AGD), body weight gain, and serum testosterone concentration and reduced estradiol levels (P < 0.0001) were observed in the female offspring of dams receiving 1.25 and 1 mg/kg BW letrozole. Furthermore, Letrozole at 1.25 and 1 mg/kg BW showed increased Rfrp and decreased Gnrh mRNA expression (P < 0.0001). Letrozole treatment at doses 1 mg/kg BW and lower was not feto-toxic. It was concluded that 1 mg/kg BW letrozole may be suggested for prenatal PCOS induction.

scholarly journals Effects of estradiol and progesterone on food intake, body weight, and carcass adiposity in weanling rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (5) ◽  
pp. E499-E503 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Schwartz ◽  
G. N. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase

The effects of estradiol and progesterone on food intake, body weight, carcass adiposity, and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were investigated in weanling female rats. Treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) reduced body weight gain in ovariectomized (OVX) weanlings as it does in adults. However, other responses to EB were attenuated or absent in weanlings. EB treatment did not reduce food intake, carcass adiposity, or adipose tissue LPL activity. This impaired responsiveness to EB may be due to decreased levels of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in liver and adipose tissue (but not hypothalamus) in weanlings. On the other hand, responsiveness to progesterone was adultlike in weanlings. Treatment of OVX, EB-primed weanlings with progesterone increased food intake, body weight gain, and carcass adiposity. This adultlike responsiveness to progesterone was associated with adultlike levels of adipose tissue progestin receptors. However, progesterone treatment did not increase adipose tissue LPL activity in weanlings, indicating that changes in LPL activity are not necessary for progesterone-induced obesity.

Activation of the systemic and adipose renin-angiotensin system in rats with diet-induced obesity and hypertension

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (4) ◽  
pp. R943-R949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine M. Boustany ◽  
Kalyani Bharadwaj ◽  
Alan Daugherty ◽  
David R. Brown ◽  
David C. Randall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Arterial Blood

In obesity-related hypertension, activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been reported despite marked fluid volume expansion. Adipose tissue expresses components of the RAS and is markedly expanded in obesity. This study evaluated changes in components of the adipose and systemic RAS in diet-induced obese hypertensive rats. RAS was quantified in adipose tissue and compared with primary sources for the circulating RAS. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a low-fat (LF; 11% kcal as fat) or moderately high-fat (32% kcal as fat) diet for 11 wk. After 8 wk, rats fed the moderately high-fat diet segregated into obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) groups based on their body weight gain (body weight: OR, 566 ± 10; OP, 702 ± 20 g; P < 0.05). Mean arterial blood pressure was increased in OP rats (LF: 97 ± 2; OR: 97 ± 2; OP: 105 ± 1 mmHg; P < 0.05). Quantification of mRNA expression by real-time PCR demonstrated a selective increase (2-fold) in angiotensinogen gene expression in retroperitoneal adipose tissue from OP vs. OR and LF rats. Similarly, plasma angiotensinogen concentration was increased in OP rats (LF: 390 ± 48; OR: 355 ± 24; OP: 530 ± 22 ng/ml; P < 0.05). In contrast, other components of the RAS were not altered in OP rats. Marked increases in the plasma concentrations of angiotensin peptides were observed in OP rats (angiotensin II: LF: 95 ± 31; OR: 59 ± 20; OP: 295 ± 118 pg/ml; P < 0.05). These results demonstrate increased activity of the adipose and systemic RAS in obesity-related hypertension.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate-Responsive Gene Expression in the Adipose Tissue of Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Shankar ◽  
Amanda Harrell ◽  
Ping Kang ◽  
Rohit Singhal ◽  
Martin J. J. Ronis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Although obesity is often associated with high-fat diets, it can develop from a variety of meal patterns. Excessive intake of simple carbohydrates is one consistent eating behavior leading to obesity. However, the impact of overconsumption of diets with high carbohydrate to fat ratios (C/F) on body composition and global adipose tissue gene expression remains unclear. We used total enteral nutrition to evaluate the effects of caloric intake and C/F on body weight gain and development of obesity. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets with either low C/F or high C/F (HC) (reflecting a 19.5-fold increase in C/F) at two levels of caloric intake: 187 or 220 kcal/kg3/4 · d (15% excess) for 4 wk. At the end of the study period, rats fed HC diets had about 20% higher body weight at either caloric intake compared with rats fed low C/F diets (P &lt; 0.05). Body composition (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, computerized tomography, and adipose tissue weights) revealed higher percent fat mass (P &lt; 0.05) in HC rats. Obesity was associated with increased serum resistin, leptin, fasting hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance after an oral glucose challenge (P &lt; 0.05). Microarray analyses of adipose tissues revealed HC diets led to changes in 270 and 464 transcripts at 187 and 220 kcal/kg3/4 · d intakes. Genes regulating glucose transport, glycolysis, fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis, desaturation and elongation, adipogenesis, and adipokines were affected by HC diets. These results suggest that C/F and interactions with excessive caloric intake per se may regulate body composition and play important roles in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Maternal Aromatase Inhibition Effects on RFamide-Related Peptide-3 and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone in Adult Murine Offspring With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shaaban ◽  
Amin Tamadon ◽  
Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Shirazi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Zamiri ◽  
Amin Derakhshanfar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Letrozole Treatment

Abstract Background: Despite the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among childbearing women and the development of many animal models for this syndrome, information on its etiology is still scarce. Intrauterine hyperandrogenic environment may underlie changes at the levels of hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary organization in female offspring, and PCOS later in life. Letrozole, has been shown to mimic reproductive and metabolic characteristics of PCOS in adult rodent models. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the condition in a prenatal letrozole-treated rat model. Methods: Twenty-eight female rats from dams receiving letrozole at certain doses during late pregnancy were used in the trial. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n=21) received letrozole treatment on days 16-18 gestation at doses 1.25, 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg body weight (BW).Results: Prenatal letrozole-treatment delayed parturition time and reduced the litter size in pregnant dams (P<0.0001). Late puberty onset, irregular ovarian cyclicity, increased anogenital distance (AGD), body weight gain, and serum testosterone concentration and reduced estradiol levels (P<0.0001) were observed in the female offspring of dams receiving 1.25 and 1 mg/kg BW letrozole. Furthermore, Letrozole at 1.25 and 1 mg/kg BW showed increased Rfrp and decreased Gnrh mRNA expression (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Letrozole treatment at doses 1 mg/kg BW and lower was not feto-toxic. It was concluded that 1 mg/kg BW letrozole may be suggested for prenatal PCOS induction.

scholarly journals Long-term consequences of under-nutrition during suckling on glucose tolerance and lipoprotein profile in female and male rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliana López-Soldado ◽  
Maria Angeles Munilla ◽  
Emilio Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Β Cell Function

To determine the effect of under-nutrition during suckling in adults, at delivery female Sprague Dawley rats were allowed to lactate litters of either eight (controls) or sixteen pups each (large litter, LL). The amount of milk taken by LL pups was less than the controls and the concentration of triacylglycerols (TG) in the milk of the former was lower. The increase of both body weight and length in LL was lower than in the controls during suckling. At weaning, pups were allowed to eat ad libitum a standard diet and whereas at 20 months female body weight did not differ between LL and control rats, LL males weighed less than controls. Plasma NEFA were lower in male LL than in controls at 10 months, leptin at 10 and 16 months and TG and VLDL-TG at 20 months, with no differences in females. When 20 months old, lumbar and epididymal adipose tissue weights were lower in male LL than in controls, but not in females. The increase in plasma insulin after oral glucose load was lower in LL than in controls, both in males and females at 4 and 16 months, and only in males at 10 months, whereas the change in plasma glucose remained constant between the groups. Results indicate that both the pancreatic β-cell function and insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue metabolism are independently programmed as a consequence of under-nutrition during suckling, the effect being more manifest for males than for females.

scholarly journals Phytohemagglutinin ameliorates HFD-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxia Zhang ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Hui-hui Wang ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Study Results

Despite all modern advances in medicine, there are few reports of effective and safe drugs to treat obesity. Our objective was to screen anti-obesity natural compounds, and to verify whether they can reduce the body weight gain and investigate their molecular mechanisms. By using drug-screening methods, Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was found to be the most anti-obesity candidate natural compound. Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneally injected with 0.25mg/kg PHA every day for 8 weeks. The body weight, glucose homeostasis, oxygen consumption and physical activity were assessed. We also measured the heat intensity, body temperature and the gene expression of key regulators of energy expenditure. Prevention study results showed PHA treatment not only reduced the body weight gain, but also maintained glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed mice. Further study indicated energy expenditure and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) in HFD-fed mice were significantly improved by PHA. In the therapeutic study, the similar effect was observed. PHA inhibited lipid droplet formation and up-regulated mitochondrial related genes expression during adipogenesis in vitro. UCP-1 KO mice displayed no differences in body weight, glucose homeostasis and core body temperature between PHA and control groups. Our results suggest that PHA prevent and treat obesity by increasing energy expenditure though up-regulation of BAT thermogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document