scholarly journals Carbohydrate-Responsive Gene Expression in the Adipose Tissue of Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Shankar ◽  
Amanda Harrell ◽  
Ping Kang ◽  
Rohit Singhal ◽  
Martin J. J. Ronis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Although obesity is often associated with high-fat diets, it can develop from a variety of meal patterns. Excessive intake of simple carbohydrates is one consistent eating behavior leading to obesity. However, the impact of overconsumption of diets with high carbohydrate to fat ratios (C/F) on body composition and global adipose tissue gene expression remains unclear. We used total enteral nutrition to evaluate the effects of caloric intake and C/F on body weight gain and development of obesity. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets with either low C/F or high C/F (HC) (reflecting a 19.5-fold increase in C/F) at two levels of caloric intake: 187 or 220 kcal/kg3/4 · d (15% excess) for 4 wk. At the end of the study period, rats fed HC diets had about 20% higher body weight at either caloric intake compared with rats fed low C/F diets (P < 0.05). Body composition (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, computerized tomography, and adipose tissue weights) revealed higher percent fat mass (P < 0.05) in HC rats. Obesity was associated with increased serum resistin, leptin, fasting hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance after an oral glucose challenge (P < 0.05). Microarray analyses of adipose tissues revealed HC diets led to changes in 270 and 464 transcripts at 187 and 220 kcal/kg3/4 · d intakes. Genes regulating glucose transport, glycolysis, fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis, desaturation and elongation, adipogenesis, and adipokines were affected by HC diets. These results suggest that C/F and interactions with excessive caloric intake per se may regulate body composition and play important roles in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Eicosapentaenoic acid actions on adiposity and insulin resistance in control and high-fat-fed rats: role of apoptosis, adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor-α

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pérez-Matute ◽  
Nerea Pérez-Echarri ◽  
J. Alfredo Martínez ◽  
Amelia Marti ◽  
María J. Moreno-Aliaga
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects

n-3 PUFA have shown potential anti-obesity and insulin-sensitising properties. However, the mechanisms involved are not clearly established. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of EPA administration, one of the n-3 PUFA, on body-weight gain and adiposity in rats fed on a standard or a high-fat (cafeteria) diet. The actions on white adipose tissue lipolysis, apoptosis and on several genes related to obesity and insulin resistance were also studied. Control and cafeteria-induced overweight male Wistar rats were assigned into two subgroups, one of them daily received EPA ethyl ester (1 g/kg) for 5 weeks by oral administration. The high-fat diet induced a very significant increase in both body weight and fat mass. Rats fed with the cafeteria diet and orally treated with EPA showed a marginally lower body-weight gain (P = 0·09), a decrease in food intake (P < 0·01) and an increase in leptin production (P < 0·05). EPA administration reduced retroperitoneal adipose tissue weight (P < 0·05) which could be secondary to the inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ gene expression (P < 0·001), and also to the increase in apoptosis (P < 0·05) found in rats fed with a control diet. TNFα gene expression was significantly increased (P < 0·05) by the cafeteria diet, while EPA treatment was able to prevent (P < 0·01) the rise in this inflammatory cytokine. Adiposity-corrected adiponectin plasma levels were increased by EPA. These actions on both TNFα and adiponectin could explain the beneficial effects of EPA on insulin resistance induced by the cafeteria diet.

scholarly journals A Lipophilic Fucoxanthin-Rich Phaeodactylum tricornutum Extract Ameliorates Effects of Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6J Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gille ◽  
Bojan Stojnic ◽  
Felix Derwenskus ◽  
Andreas Trautmann ◽  
Ulrike Schmid-Staiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) comprise several lipophilic constituents with proposed anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. We investigated the effect of an ethanolic P. tricornutum extract (PTE) on energy metabolism in obesity-prone mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Six- to eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were switched to HFD and, at the same time, received orally placebo or PTE (100 mg or 300 mg/kg body weight/day). Body weight, body composition, and food intake were monitored. After 26 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical, morphological, and gene expression analyses. PTE-supplemented mice accumulated fucoxanthin metabolites in adipose tissues and attained lower body weight gain, body fat content, weight of white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, and inguinal WAT adipocyte size than controls, independent of decreased food intake. PTE supplementation was associated with lower expression of Mest (a marker of fat tissue expandability) in WAT depots, lower gene expression related to lipid uptake and turnover in visceral WAT, increased expression of genes key to fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis (Cpt1, Ucp1) in subcutaneous WAT, and signs of thermogenic activation including enhanced UCP1 protein in interscapular brown adipose tissue. In conclusion, these data show the potential of PTE to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity in vivo.

Abstract 198: Oral Administration of the Mas Agonist A-1317 Produces Beneficial Cardiometabolic Effects in Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suellen F Vilas Boas ◽  
Janaina F Braga ◽  
Analina R Silva ◽  
Mariana F Oliveira ◽  
Robson A S Santos
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Inclusion Compound ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Mass

The beneficial effects of the Mas/Ang-(1-7) pathway prompted us to develop novel Ang-(1-7) analogues and ligands for Mas. In the present study, we evaluated the cardiometabolic effects of a pharmacological formulation developed by including the Mas agonist A-1317 in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). The inclusion compound was given orally (10 μg/Kg body weight) to Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and fructose-fed rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored for 5 hours after administration of a single dose of A-1317-HPβCD in conscious SHR. Seven-weeks-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with either normal rat chow (CTL) or the same diet plus 10% fructose in the drinking water (FFR). For the last 4 wk of a 9-wk period of each diet, a subgroup of each group of animals was treated daily with the oral A-1317 (CTL-A or FFR-A) or with vehicle (CTL-V or FFR-V). Rats were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (2 g/Kg body weight) concomitantly with the evaluation of plasma insulin levels. A-1317 reduced MAP with the maximum change occurring after 4 hours of administration (Δ=-23±2mmHg). There was no significant effect of A-1317 on HR of SHR. Once a day administration of A-1317 ameliorated all metabolic conditions altered by fructose-feed, including the glucose tolerance with less release of insulin and the decreased in the basal insulinemia. However no change in glycemia was observed. Regarding the lipidic metabolism, there was a decrease in the hepatic and serum tryacilglicerol levels (CTL-V=51±3; CTL-A=44±4; FFR-V=74±6; FFR-A=45±5 mg/dl serum levels), the body weight gain and the epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissue mass. Moreover hepatic and serum cholesterol levels were surprisingly diminished in both treated groups. These data suggest that A-1317 inclusion compound is an innovative therapeutic tool for treatment the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Androgenic Influences on Behavior, Body Weight, and Body Composition in a Model of Chronic Social Stress

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 6145-6156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. N. Nguyen ◽  
Kellie L. K. Tamashiro ◽  
Susan J. Melhorn ◽  
Li Y. Ma ◽  
Stacy R. Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Chronic Social Stress ◽  
And Control

The visible burrow system (VBS) is a model used to study chronic social stress in colony-housed rats. A hierarchy develops among the males resulting in dominant (DOM) and subordinate (SUB) animals. Hierarchy-associated changes in body weight, body composition, behavior, and neuroendocrine measures have been observed. After 14 d of VBS housing, SUB animals have decreased body weight, elevated corticosterone, and decreased testosterone (T), compared with DOM animals and controls, placing SUB animals in an ideal endocrine state to regain lost body weight as adipose tissue. It is hypothesized that maintaining constant androgen concentrations in SUB males during stress will prevent body weight loss by maintaining more lean body mass. To test this, animals were gonadectomized and implanted with SILASTIC implants containing T, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or cholesterol. Implants maintained constant physiological levels of T. Standard intact, T, and DHT implant colonies formed hierarchies, whereas cholesterol colonies did not. Androgen manipulations significantly altered offensive and defensive behaviors only on the first day of VBS housing. After VBS stress, intact, T, and DHT SUB animals weighed less and lost more adipose and lean tissue than DOM and control males, whereas DOM animals primarily lost adipose tissue. However, on recovery, DHT SUB animals maintained more lean tissue than intact SUB animals. Oral glucose tolerance tests revealed that glucose clears faster in stressed T-implanted males that have increased adipose tissue. Overall, these data suggest that constant androgen concentrations in SUB animals do not prevent weight loss and changes in body composition during stress but do so during recovery.

Activation of the systemic and adipose renin-angiotensin system in rats with diet-induced obesity and hypertension

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (4) ◽  
pp. R943-R949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine M. Boustany ◽  
Kalyani Bharadwaj ◽  
Alan Daugherty ◽  
David R. Brown ◽  
David C. Randall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Arterial Blood

In obesity-related hypertension, activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been reported despite marked fluid volume expansion. Adipose tissue expresses components of the RAS and is markedly expanded in obesity. This study evaluated changes in components of the adipose and systemic RAS in diet-induced obese hypertensive rats. RAS was quantified in adipose tissue and compared with primary sources for the circulating RAS. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a low-fat (LF; 11% kcal as fat) or moderately high-fat (32% kcal as fat) diet for 11 wk. After 8 wk, rats fed the moderately high-fat diet segregated into obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) groups based on their body weight gain (body weight: OR, 566 ± 10; OP, 702 ± 20 g; P < 0.05). Mean arterial blood pressure was increased in OP rats (LF: 97 ± 2; OR: 97 ± 2; OP: 105 ± 1 mmHg; P < 0.05). Quantification of mRNA expression by real-time PCR demonstrated a selective increase (2-fold) in angiotensinogen gene expression in retroperitoneal adipose tissue from OP vs. OR and LF rats. Similarly, plasma angiotensinogen concentration was increased in OP rats (LF: 390 ± 48; OR: 355 ± 24; OP: 530 ± 22 ng/ml; P < 0.05). In contrast, other components of the RAS were not altered in OP rats. Marked increases in the plasma concentrations of angiotensin peptides were observed in OP rats (angiotensin II: LF: 95 ± 31; OR: 59 ± 20; OP: 295 ± 118 pg/ml; P < 0.05). These results demonstrate increased activity of the adipose and systemic RAS in obesity-related hypertension.

scholarly journals The Effect of Isoleucine Supplementation on Body Weight Gain and Blood Glucose Response in Lean and Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2446
Author(s):  
Rebecca O’Rielly ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
See Meng Lim ◽  
Roger Yazbeck ◽  
Stamatiki Kritas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
The Impact

Chronic isoleucine supplementation prevents diet-induced weight gain in rodents. Acute-isoleucine administration improves glucose tolerance in rodents and reduces postprandial glucose levels in humans. However, the effect of chronic-isoleucine supplementation on body weight and glucose tolerance in obesity is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of chronic isoleucine on body weight gain and glucose tolerance in lean and high-fat-diet (HFD) induced-obese mice. Male C57BL/6-mice, fed a standard-laboratory-diet (SLD) or HFD for 12 weeks, were randomly allocated to: (1) Control: Drinking water; (2) Acute: Drinking water with a gavage of isoleucine (300 mg/kg) prior to the oral-glucose-tolerance-test (OGTT) or gastric-emptying-breath-test (GEBT); (3) Chronic: Drinking water with 1.5% isoleucine, for a further six weeks. At 16 weeks, an OGTT and GEBT was performed and at 17 weeks metabolic monitoring. In SLD- and HFD-mice, there was no difference in body weight, fat mass, and plasma lipid profiles between isoleucine treatment groups. Acute-isoleucine did not improve glucose tolerance in SLD- or HFD-mice. Chronic-isoleucine impaired glucose tolerance in SLD-mice. There was no difference in gastric emptying between any groups. Chronic-isoleucine did not alter energy intake, energy expenditure, or respiratory quotient in SLD- or HFD-mice. In conclusion, chronic isoleucine supplementation may not be an effective treatment for obesity or glucose intolerance.

Expression of the cannabinoid system in muscle: effects of a high-fat diet and CB1 receptor blockade

2010 ◽  
Vol 433 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Crespillo ◽  
Juan Suárez ◽  
Francisco J. Bermúdez-Silva ◽  
Patricia Rivera ◽  
Margarita Vida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Cb1 Receptor ◽  
Cb2 Receptor ◽  
High Fat

The ECS (endocannabinoid system) plays an important role in the onset of obesity and metabolic disorders, implicating central and peripheral mechanisms predominantly via CB1 (cannabinoid type 1) receptors. CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist treatment improves cardiometabolic risk factors and insulin resistance. However, the relative contribution of peripheral organs to the net beneficial metabolic effects remains unclear. In the present study, we have identified the presence of the endocannabinoid signalling machinery in skeletal muscle and also investigated the impact of an HFD (high-fat diet) on lipid-metabolism-related genes and endocannabinoid-related proteins. Finally, we tested whether administration of the CB1 inverse agonist AM251 restored the alterations induced by the HFD. Rats were fed on either an STD (standard/low-fat diet) or an HFD for 10 weeks and then treated with AM251 (3 mg/kg of body weight per day) for 14 days. The accumulated caloric intake was progressively higher in rats fed on the HFD than the STD, resulting in a divergence in body weight gain. AM251 treatment reduced accumulated food/caloric intake and body weight gain, being more marked in rats fed on the HFD. CB2 (cannabinoid type 2) receptor and PPARα (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α) gene expression was decreased in HFD-fed rats, whereas MAGL (monoglyceride lipase) gene expression was up-regulated. These data suggest an altered endocannabinoid signalling as a result of the HFD. AM251 treatment reduced CB2 receptor, PPARγ and AdipoR1 (adiponectin receptor 1) gene expression in STD-fed rats, but only partially normalized the CB2 receptor in HFD-fed rats. Protein levels corroborated gene expression results, but also showed a decrease in DAGL (diacylglycerol) β and DAGLα after AM251 treatment in STD- and HFD-fed rats respectively. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate a diet-sensitive ECS in skeletal muscle, suggesting that blockade of CB1 receptors could work towards restoration of the metabolic adaption imposed by diet.

scholarly journals Maternal Chronodisruption Throughout Pregnancy Impairs Glucose Homeostasis and Adipose Tissue Physiology in the Male Rat Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Halabi ◽  
Hans G. Richter ◽  
Natalia Mendez ◽  
Thilo Kähne ◽  
Carlos Spichiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley

Compelling evidence in rats support the idea that gestational chronodisruption induces major changes in maternal circadian rhythms and fetal development and that these changes impact adult life at many physiological levels. Using a model of chronic photoperiod shifting throughout gestation (CPS), in which pregnant female rats (Sprague–Dawley strain; n = 16 per group) were exposed to lighting schedule manipulation every 3–4 days reversing the photoperiod completely or light/dark photoperiod (12/12; LD), we explored in the adult rat male offspring body weight gain, glucose homeostasis, adipose tissue content, adipose tissue response to norepinephrine (NE), and adipose tissue proteomic in the basal condition with standard diet (SD) and in response to high-fat diet (HFD). In adult CPS male (100–200 days old; n = 8 per group), we found increasing body weight, under SD and adiposity. Also, we found an increased response to intraperitoneal glucose (IGTT). After 12 weeks of HFD, white adipose tissue depots in CPS offspring were increased further, and higher IGTT and lower intraperitoneal insulin tolerance response were found, despite the lack of changes in food intake. In in vitro experiments, we observed that adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) glycerol response to NE from CPS offspring was decreased, and it was completely abolished by HFD. At the proteomic level, in CPS adipose tissue, 275 proteins displayed differential expression, compared with LD animals fed with a standard diet. Interestingly, CPS offspring and LD fed with HFD showed 20 proteins in common (2 upregulated and 18 downregulated). Based on these common proteins, the IPA analysis found that two functional pathways were significantly altered by CPS: network 1 (AKT/ERK) and network 2 (TNF/IL4; data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026315). The present data show that gestational chronodisruption induced deleterious effects in adipose tissue recruitment and function, supporting the idea that adipose tissue function was programmed in utero by gestational chronodisruption, inducing deficient metabolic responses that persist into adulthood.

scholarly journals Long-term consequences of under-nutrition during suckling on glucose tolerance and lipoprotein profile in female and male rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliana López-Soldado ◽  
Maria Angeles Munilla ◽  
Emilio Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Β Cell Function

To determine the effect of under-nutrition during suckling in adults, at delivery female Sprague Dawley rats were allowed to lactate litters of either eight (controls) or sixteen pups each (large litter, LL). The amount of milk taken by LL pups was less than the controls and the concentration of triacylglycerols (TG) in the milk of the former was lower. The increase of both body weight and length in LL was lower than in the controls during suckling. At weaning, pups were allowed to eat ad libitum a standard diet and whereas at 20 months female body weight did not differ between LL and control rats, LL males weighed less than controls. Plasma NEFA were lower in male LL than in controls at 10 months, leptin at 10 and 16 months and TG and VLDL-TG at 20 months, with no differences in females. When 20 months old, lumbar and epididymal adipose tissue weights were lower in male LL than in controls, but not in females. The increase in plasma insulin after oral glucose load was lower in LL than in controls, both in males and females at 4 and 16 months, and only in males at 10 months, whereas the change in plasma glucose remained constant between the groups. Results indicate that both the pancreatic β-cell function and insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue metabolism are independently programmed as a consequence of under-nutrition during suckling, the effect being more manifest for males than for females.

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