scholarly journals Potential role of lncRNA cyp2c91–protein interactions on diseases of the immune system

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanth Suravajhala ◽  
Lisette J. A. Kogelman ◽  
Gianluca Mazzoni ◽  
Haja N. Kadarmideen
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Potential Role

scholarly journals Haptoglobin and Its Related Protein, Zonulin—What Is Their Role in Spondyloarthropathy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chmielińska ◽  
Marzena Olesińska ◽  
Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka ◽  
Dariusz Szukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Phase Protein ◽  
Its Polymorphism

Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein which supports the immune response and protects tissues from free radicals. Its concentration correlates with disease activity in spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). The Hp polymorphism determines the functional differences between Hp1 and Hp2 protein products. The role of the Hp polymorphism has been demonstrated in many diseases. In particular, the Hp 2-2 phenotype has been associated with the unfavorable course of some inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Its potential role in modulating the immune system in SpA is still unknown. This article contains pathophysiological considerations on the potential relationship between Hp, its polymorphism and SpA.

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation and Its Impact on the Pathogenesis of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Almutairi ◽  
Farzane Sivandzade ◽  
Thamer H. Albekairi ◽  
Faleh Alqahtani ◽  
Luca Cucullo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cytokine Levels

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include dry cough, difficult breathing, fever, fatigue, and may lead to pneumonia and respiratory failure. There are significant gaps in the current understanding of whether SARS-CoV-2 attacks the CNS directly or through activation of the peripheral immune system and immune cell infiltration. Although the modality of neurological impairments associated with COVID-19 has not been thoroughly investigated, the latest studies have observed that SARS-CoV-2 induces neuroinflammation and may have severe long-term consequences. Here we review the literature on possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 induced-neuroinflammation. Activation of the innate immune system is associated with increased cytokine levels, chemokines, and free radicals in the SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenic response at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB disruption allows immune/inflammatory cell infiltration into the CNS activating immune resident cells (such as microglia and astrocytes). This review highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in COVID-19-induced neuroinflammation, which may lead to neuronal death. A better understanding of these mechanisms will help gain substantial knowledge about the potential role of SARS-CoV-2 in neurological changes and plan possible therapeutic intervention strategies.

scholarly journals NK cells and CD38: Implication for (Immuno)Therapy in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Zambello ◽  
Gregorio Barilà ◽  
Sabrina Manni ◽  
Francesco Piazza ◽  
Gianpietro Semenzato
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Plasma Cell Dyscrasias

Immunotherapy represents a promising new avenue for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, particularly with the availability of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) as anti-CD38 Daratumumab and Isatuximab and anti-SLAM-F7 Elotuzumab. Although a clear NK activation has been demonstrated for Elotuzumab, the effect of anti-CD38 mAbs on NK system is controversial. As a matter of fact, an initial reduction of NK cells number characterizes Daratumumab therapy, limiting the potential role of this subset on myeloma immunotherapy. In this paper we discuss the role of NK cells along with anti-CD38 therapy and their implication in plasma cell dyscrasias, showing that mechanisms triggered by anti-CD38 mAbs ultimately lead to the activation of the immune system against myeloma cell growth.

scholarly journals The Role of MicroRNAs in Selected Forms of Glomerulonephritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Nalewajska ◽  
Klaudia Gurazda ◽  
Ewa Styczyńska-Kowalska ◽  
Małgorzata Marchelek-Myśliwiec ◽  
Andrzej Pawlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Insight Into

Glomerulonephritis (GN) represents a collection of kidney diseases characterized by inflammation within the renal glomeruli and small blood vessels. The lesions that occur in other nephron structures mainly result from the harmful effects of proteinuria. In recent years, an emphasis has been placed on gaining a better insight into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of GN in order to facilitate diagnoses and provide efficient and targeted treatments of the disease. Owing to the advanced molecular and genetic diagnostic techniques available today, researchers have been able to elucidate that most cases of GN are determined by genetic risk factors and are associated with the abnormal functioning of the immune system (the immunologically mediated forms of GN). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of single-stranded, non-coding molecules, approximately 20 nucleotides in length, that act as regulatory factors in the post-transcriptional processes capable of regulating the expression of multiple genes. In this paper we present the available research aiming to determine effects of miRNAs on the development and progression of GN and discuss the potential role of miRNAs as new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Frailty and sarcopenia: The potential role of an aged immune system

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Wilson ◽  
Thomas Jackson ◽  
Elizabeth Sapey ◽  
Janet M. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Potential Role

scholarly journals Perspectives About Modulating Host Immune System in Targeting SARS-CoV-2 in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreyashi Majumdar ◽  
Rohit Verma ◽  
Avishek Saha ◽  
Parthasarathi Bhattacharyya ◽  
Pradipta Maji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Virus Protein ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus induced disease-2019 (COVID-19), is a type of common cold virus responsible for a global pandemic which requires immediate measures for its containment. India has the world’s largest population aged between 10 and 40 years. At the same time, India has a large number of individuals with diabetes, hypertension and kidney diseases, who are at a high risk of developing COVID-19. A vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2, may offer immediate protection from the causative agent of COVID-19, however, the protective memory may be short-lived. Even if vaccination is broadly successful in the world, India has a large and diverse population with over one-third being below the poverty line. Therefore, the success of a vaccine, even when one becomes available, is uncertain, making it necessary to focus on alternate approaches of tackling the disease. In this review, we discuss the differences in COVID-19 death/infection ratio between urban and rural India; and the probable role of the immune system, co-morbidities and associated nutritional status in dictating the death rate of COVID-19 patients in rural and urban India. Also, we focus on strategies for developing masks, vaccines, diagnostics and the role of drugs targeting host-virus protein-protein interactions in enhancing host immunity. We also discuss India’s strengths including the resources of medicinal plants, good food habits and the role of information technology in combating COVID-19. We focus on the Government of India’s measures and strategies for creating awareness in the containment of COVID-19 infection across the country.

scholarly journals Auto-Inhibition of Ets-1 Is Counteracted by DNA Binding Cooperativity with Core-Binding Factor α2

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara L. Goetz ◽  
Ting-Lei Gu ◽  
Nancy A. Speck ◽  
Barbara J. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Core Binding Factor ◽  
Partner Protein ◽  
Binding Factor

ABSTRACT Auto-inhibition is a common transcriptional control mechanism that is well characterized in the regulatory transcription factor Ets-1. Autoinhibition of Ets-1 DNA binding works through an inhibitory module that exists in two conformations. DNA binding requires a change in the inhibitory module from the packed to disrupted conformation. This structural switch provides a mechanism to tightly regulate Ets-1 DNA binding. We report that the Ets-1 partner protein core-binding factor α2 (CBFα2; also known as AML1 or PEBP2) stimulates Ets-1 DNA binding and counteracts auto-inhibition. Support for this conclusion came from three observations. First, the level of cooperative DNA binding (10-fold) was similar to the level of repression by auto-inhibition (10- to 20-fold). Next, a region necessary for cooperative DNA binding mapped to the inhibitory module. Third, an Ets-1 mutant with a constitutively disrupted inhibitory module did not bind DNA cooperatively with CBFα2. Furthermore, two additional lines of evidence indicated that CBFα2 affects the structural switch by direct interactions with Ets-1. First, the retention of cooperative DNA binding on nicked duplexes eliminated a potential role of through-DNA effects. Second, cooperative DNA binding was observed on composite sites with altered spacing or reversed orientation. We suggest that only protein interactions can accommodate this observed flexibility. These findings provide a mechanism by which CBF relieves the auto-inhibition of Ets-1 and illustrates one strategy for the synergistic activity of regulatory transcription factors.

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