scholarly journals Sex-Dimorphic Interactions of MAOA Genotype and Child Maltreatment Predispose College Students to Polysubstance Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula J. Fite ◽  
Shaquanna Brown ◽  
Waheeda A. Hossain ◽  
Ann Manzardo ◽  
Merlin G. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Polysubstance Use

The Loss of the Self in Memory: Self-Referential Memory, Childhood Relational Trauma, and Dissociation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Chui-De Chiu ◽  
Marieke S. Tollenaar ◽  
Cheng-Ta Yang ◽  
Bernet M. Elzinga ◽  
Tian-Yang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Mental Function ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Relational Trauma ◽  
The Impact

The segregated representations pertinent to childhood relational trauma have long been posited as a key pathogenic mechanism for dissociation. Yet, the weak to moderate correlation of child maltreatment with dissociation proneness leads to the question about which factors may moderate the impact of adverse childhood interpersonal experiences and work synergistically in the genesis of dissociation. We hypothesized that self-referential memory may play a role and that low accessibility to self-referenced representations may obstruct the ongoing synthesis of self representations, leaving these unassimilated early experiences disintegrated and inimical to mental function in response to a stressful situation. This hypothesis was examined by two experiments in college students. The first experiment showed the association between dissociation proneness and low accessibility to self-referenced representations. The second demonstrated that low accessibility to self-referenced representations moderated the link between childhood relational trauma and dissociation proneness. Weakened self-referential memory matters in the link between trauma and dissociation.

scholarly journals Co-occurring forms of child maltreatment and adult adjustment reported by Latina college students

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C Clemmons ◽  
David DiLillo ◽  
Isaac G Martinez ◽  
Sarah DeGue ◽  
Michelle Jeffcott
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Latina College Students ◽  
Adult Adjustment

scholarly journals Sexual Assault and Alcohol Use among College Students: A Critical Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaili Calasso ◽  
Carly Thompson-Memmer ◽  
Aaron J Kruse-Diehr ◽  
Tavis Glassman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Information ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female College ◽  
Polysubstance Use

The purpose of this study was to assess the extant literature on the relationship between alcohol and sexual assault among college students. A literature search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PsycINFO, JSTOR, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Key search terms included sexual assault, alcohol, and college students. A total of 23 articles met inclusion criteria, the plurality (47.8%) of which were cross-sectional and featured convenience samples (43.5%). All studies were conducted at public higher education institutions in the United States. The most salient crosscutting themes included perceived low risk for sexual assault among female college students, higher likelihood of severe sexual assault among women who consumed more alcohol, and general information about polysubstance use and sexual assault risk. Methodological shortcomings included an overreliance on convenience sampling, lack of reporting of where samples were obtained, and single-site data collection. Given the large number of studies that found women who consume alcohol are more likely than their nondrinking counterparts to experience sexual assault, public health educators must continue to prioritize female college students who drink. However, interventions should target potential perpetrators rather than focusing solely on how victims can avoid risky situations. Future research should include diverse, random samples across multiple institutions topromote greater generalizability of findings.

Polysubstance Use Is Associated With Deficits in Substance-Free Reinforcement in College Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Z. Meshesha ◽  
Ashley A. Dennhardt ◽  
James G. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Polysubstance Use

College Students’ Reactions to Participating in Relational Trauma Research: A Mixed Methodological Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (21) ◽  
pp. 3346-3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Angela M. Neal ◽  
Christina M. Dardis ◽  
Erika L. Kelley ◽  
Christine A. Gidycz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Emotional Effects

Using a mixed methodology, the present study compared men’s and women’s perceived benefits and emotional reactions with participating in research that inquired about child maltreatment and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration. Participants consisted of 703 college students (357 women, 346 men), ages 18 to 25 who reported on their childhood maltreatment, adolescent and adult IPV victimization and perpetration, and their reactions (perceived benefits and emotional effects) to participating. Participants’ reactions to participating were assessed using quantitative scales, as well as open-ended written responses that were content coded by researchers. Women reported more personal benefits from research, whereas men and women reported similar levels of emotional reactions to research participation. Furthermore, greater frequencies of child maltreatment and IPV victimization were related to higher levels of emotional reactions. Common self-identified reasons for emotional reactions (e.g., not liking to think about abuse in general, personal victimization experiences) and benefits (e.g., reflection and awareness about oneself, learning about IPV) were also presented and analyzed. These data underscore the importance of future research that examines the behavioral impact of research participation utilizing longitudinal and in-depth qualitative methodologies. Findings also highlight the potential psychoeducational value of research on understanding the reasons underlying participants’ benefits and emotional effects.

Attachment as a Moderator in the Relation Between Child Maltreatment and Symptoms of Depression

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093305
Author(s):  
Sarah Nowalis ◽  
Stephanie A. Godleski ◽  
Lindsay S. Schenkel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Attachment Relationship ◽  
Caregiver Attachment

Experiencing child maltreatment is a risk factor for later psychopathology; however, not all survivors of child maltreatment go on to develop mental health diagnoses. There are likely important risk factors that act as moderators interacting with child maltreatment to contribute to the development of psychopathology. The present study examined the attachment dimensions of anxiety and avoidance as potential moderators in the association between child maltreatment and depressive symptomatology in a sample of college students. An attachment style high in anxiety or avoidance was expected to exacerbate the effect of child maltreatment on depressive symptomatology across both primary and secondary caregiver attachment relationships. This study was conducted at a private university in the northeastern United States in a sample of college students ( N = 203; 52% male; Mage = 19.85, SDage = 2.19). Participants completed online measures of attachment, current mood symptoms, and demographic information. Two moderation models were tested, one for attachment to primary caregivers and one for attachment to secondary caregivers. Anxious attachment to primary caregivers moderated the relationship between child maltreatment and depressive symptoms ( B = −0.16, p < .01, R2 =.44). However, moderation was not significant in the secondary caregiver attachment relationship. Maladaptive attachment styles, as well as child maltreatment itself, may result in disruptions in the development of positive internal working models of the self and others and adaptive emotion regulation. In cases of child maltreatment, interventions focused on the parent–child attachment relationship may have long-lasting effects and implications for the child’s future mental health. This research highlights important areas of intervention in cases of child maltreatment as well as important differences in the anxiety and avoidance dimensions of attachment.

scholarly journals Associations Between Child Maltreatment and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese College Students: An Analysis of Sex Differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoliang Chen ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Guoliang Huang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Physical Neglect

Background: Depressive symptoms and child maltreatment are both global public health problems among young adults. This study aimed to investigate the associations between five types of child maltreatment and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students, with a focus on potential sex differences.Methods: A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of Chinese college students was conducted from March to June 2019 with a multistage, stratified cluster, random sampling method. In total, 30,179 college students from 60 colleges of 10 Chinese province-level regions completed standard questionnaires, including a history of child maltreatment and current depressive symptoms.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among college students in China was 7.3%. After adjusting for control variables, physical abuse (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17–1.23), emotional abuse (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.19–1.23), sexual abuse (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.16–1.22), physical neglect (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.12–1.16) and emotional neglect (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.07–1.09) were all positively associated with depressive symptoms. Notably, a cumulative effect of child maltreatment on depressive symptoms among Chinese college students was observed. Moreover, sex differences in the associations of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and the number of maltreatment types with depressive symptoms were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). Further stratification analyses showed that female students who experienced emotional abuse and emotional neglect had a higher risk of depressive symptoms than male students, and the cumulative effect of maltreatment types was stronger for females than males.Conclusion: Five types of child maltreatment and their co-occurrence were associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among college students. Furthermore, the effects of emotional abuse, emotional neglect and the number of maltreatment types on depressive symptoms were stronger for females than for males. These findings can promote understanding of the effects of child maltreatment on depressive symptoms, and prevention and intervention strategies for depressive symptoms should consider the type of child maltreatment and sex differences.

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