scholarly journals Genetic and Genomic Analyses of Service Sire Effect on Female Reproductive Traits in Holstein Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziwei Chen ◽  
Luiz F. Brito ◽  
Hanpeng Luo ◽  
Rui Shi ◽  
Yao Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Female Reproductive Traits ◽  
Success Traits ◽  
Calving Traits

Fertility and reproductive performance are key drivers of dairy farm profitability. Hence, reproduction traits have been included in a large majority of worldwide dairy cattle selection indexes. The reproductive traits are lowly heritable but can be improved through direct genetic selection. However, most scientific studies and dairy cattle breeding programs have focused solely on the genetic effects of the dam (GED) on reproductive performance and, therefore, ignored the contribution of the service sire in the phenotypic outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the service sire effects on female reproductive traits in Holstein cattle from a genomic perspective. Genetic parameter estimation and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed for the genetic effect of service sire (GESS) on conception rate (CR), 56-day non-return rate (NRR56), calving ease (CE), stillbirth (SB), and gestation length (GL). Our findings indicate that the additive genetic effects of both sire and dam contribute to the phenotypic variance of reproductive traits measured in females (0.0196 vs. 0.0109, 0.0237 vs. 0.0133, 0.0040 vs. 0.0289, 0.0782 vs. 0.0083, and 0.1024 vs. 0.1020 for GESS and GED heritability estimates for CR, NRR56, CE, SB, and GL, respectively), and these two genetic effects are positively correlated for SB (0.1394) and GL (0.7871). Interestingly, the breeding values for GESS on insemination success traits (CR and NRR56) are unfavorably and significantly correlated with some production, health, and type breeding values (ranging from −0.449 to 0.274), while the GESS values on calving traits (CE, SB, and GL) are usually favorably associated with those traits (ranging from −0.493 to 0.313). One hundred sixty-two significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their surrounding protein-coding genes were identified as significantly associated with GESS and GED, respectively. Six genes overlapped between GESS and GED for calving traits and 10 genes overlapped between GESS for success traits and calving traits. Our findings indicate the importance of considering the GESS when genetically evaluating the female reproductive traits in Holstein cattle.

Using blup to estimate responses est a sheep flock selected for litter size

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
G.E. Pollott
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Sheep Flock ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Important Contributor ◽  
Selection Experiments ◽  
Genetic Trends

The reproductive performance of ewes is an important contributor to flock profitability in many different situations. Although the heritability of reproductive traits is low there is often enough phenotypic variance to make a consideration of selection a possibility for improvement in litter size. Genetic trends in selection experiments have traditionally been monitored using a control flock which should be kept as an unseletced group. The recent availability of user friedly BLUP programs have added an extra method for estimating genetic trends. This paper reports the use of BLUP to estimate the genetic trends in a sheep population selected for litter size.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values for litter size in the first three parity of landrace sows

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragomir Lukac ◽  
Vitomir Vidovic ◽  
Teodora Vasiljevic ◽  
Oliver Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and breeding values for reproduction traits of Landrace sows in the first three parities by Animal model. Records of 2238 first parity; 2125 second parity and 1872 third parity Landrace sows farrowing between 2007 and 2012 were included in the analysis. The traits included in the analyses were total pigs born (TB), number of pigs born alive (NBA), number of pigs weaned (NW) and litter weaning weight (LW) in the parities. The genetic parameters were estimated using a multivariate analyses Animal model using REML procedure. Estimates of heritability for TB were 0.03, 0.05 and 0.18, for NBA were 0.04, 0.02 and 0.17, for NW were 0.08, 0.08 and 0.01 and for LW were 0.09, 0.11 and 0.03 for parities 1 to 3. Genetic and phenotypic variance were increased from the first to the third parity. Between the majorities of studied reproductive traits were the recorded positive genetic and phenotypic correlations, except between LW and other analyzed properties where they recorded a high correlation negative in third parity. Means of estimated breeding values of reproductive traits from first parity to third parity was indecreased.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, FEED INTAKE AND EFFICIENCY OF INDIGENOUS AND CROSSBRED TURKEYS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
B. M. ILORI ◽  
D. O. OGUNTADE ◽  
K. AKANO ◽  
S. O. DUROSARO ◽  
M. O. OZOJE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Female Reproductive Traits

This study assessed the reproductive performance of indigenous and crossbred parent stocks and the influence of sire genotype on the growth and efficiency of feed utilization by their progenies. A total of 300 poults, 150 for each genotype were generated from two crosses (Nicholas white x Indigenous and Indigenous x Indigenous turkeys). Data were collected on the reproductive performance of the parents while body weight and feed intake from day old to the 20th week of age were also collected from the progenies generated. The experiment was a complete randomized design with data generated subjected to two way analysis of variance using SAS. The result of the study showed that sire genotype had significant effect (p<0.05) on semen colour and semen volume while semen pH, motility, morphology and live dead ratio were not significantly affected. Crossbred tom had higher semen volume (0.39 ml) compared to 0.18 ml recorded in indigenous turkey. Genotype had no significant effect (p>0.05) on all female reproductive traits such as fertility, hatchability, dead in-germ, weak in-shell and dead in-shell. However, the indigenous turkey had higher fertility percentage (85%) while 80% hatchability was observed in crossbred turkey. Crossbred turkey significantly (p<0.05) had higher body weight (3330g) at 20 week of age compared to the indigenous turkey (2869g). Sexual dimorphism in favour of the male turkey was also observed throughout the period of the experiment. Although the crossbred turkey consumed more feed, the efficiency of feed utilization was better in the indigenous turkey. This findings suggested that the indigenous turkeys can be successfully improved with the introgression of exotic genetic material while crossbred turkeys can be further selected for improved productive and adaptive traits.  

scholarly journals Maternal inheritance of mitochondria: implications for male fertility?

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. R159-R168 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Vaught ◽  
D K Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male Bias ◽  
Mtdna Mutations ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
Sex Specificity ◽  
Female Reproductive Traits

Evolutionary theory predicts maternal inheritance of the mitochondria will lead to the accumulation of mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that impair male fertility, but leave females unaffected. The hypothesis has been referred to as ‘Mother’s Curse’. There are many examples of mtDNA mutations or haplotypes, in humans and other metazoans, associated with decreases in sperm performance, but seemingly few reports of associations involving female reproductive traits; an observation that has been used to support the Mother’s Curse hypothesis. However, it is unclear whether apparent signatures of male bias in mitochondrial genetic effects on fertility reflect an underlying biological bias or a technical bias resulting from a lack of studies to have screened for female effects. Here, we conduct a systematic literature search of studies reporting mitochondrial genetic effects on fertility-related traits in gonochoristic metazoans (animals with two distinct sexes). Studies of female reproductive outcomes were sparse, reflecting a large technical sex bias across the literature. We were only able to make a valid assessment of sex specificity of mitochondrial genetic effects in 30% of cases. However, in most of these cases, the effects were male biased, including examples of male bias associated with mtDNA mutations in humans. These results are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that maternal inheritance has enriched mtDNA sequences with mutations that specifically impair male fertility. However, future research that redresses the technical imbalance in studies conducted per sex will be key to enabling researchers to fully assess the wider implications of the Mother’s Curse hypothesis to male reproductive biology.

scholarly journals REPRODUKSI SAPI PERAH FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN PADA BERBAGAI PERIODE LAKTASI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Ali Mahmud ◽  
Woro Busono ◽  
Puguh Surjowardojo
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Earned Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C Value ◽  
Days Open

The purpose of this research is to compare the efficiency of reproductive performance Friesian Holstein (FH) in various lactation periods. The material used in this research is obtained from the records of reproductive performance Friesian Holstein (FH) cattle from Australia and has been developed in PT. Greenfield Indonesia farm. Datas were using 473 heads dairy cattle these were 100 heads for each lactation period I up to IV and 73 heads for lactation period V. The variable measured were efficiency of reproductive include service per conception (S/C); days open (DO) and calving interval (CI). The datas were analyzed using Completely Randomize Design one-way analyzes of variance (one way lay out) and if the result showed differences, the research will be continued using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that the higher lactation period of dairy cattle the greater the S/C, DO and CI (P<0.01). In lactation period I and II earned S/C value 2.6±1.3 and 2.1±1.1 were lower than lactation period III, IV and V which earned value 3.7±2.0; 4.2±2.1 and 4.1±2.3. DO in lactation I and II as118.3±49.7 days and 97.6±35.1 days were lower than lactation period III, IV, and V is 153.5±65.8 days;  168.2±81.5 days and 59.2±74.7 days. The lower CI was in period lactation II 365.8±36.9 days compared with lactation period III, IV  and V as 393.8±54.5 days; 406.1±78.3 days and 401.3±65.1 days. Conclusion of this research was lactation period has an effect on the performance of FH dairy reproduction, the higher of lactation period would increase S/C, DO and CI. Keywords : Calving Interval, Days Open, Friesian Holstein Cattle, Lactation Period, Service Per Conception.

scholarly journals VARIATIONS IN AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND GROWTH PARAMETERS IN YEARLING BEEF BULLS IN SINGLE-SIRE MATING AT PASTURE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
A. FARID ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
M. A. PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Beef Bulls

Yearling bull fertility, measured as pregnancy rate, percentage of calves born during the first 4 and 6 wk of calving and mean and median of calving date distribution, were studied in 109 single-sire breeding herds of two breed groups over a 10-yr period. The breed groups were Herefords bulls mated to purebred and crossbred Hereford cows, and Beef Synthetic bulls mated to Beef Synthetic cows. The bulls averaged 14 mo old at the start of breeding. The average bull-to-cow ratio was approximately 1:22, and the breeding season started on 1 July each year and extended for 60 d. Two out of 109 bulls (1.8%) were subfertile (less than 50% pregnancy of the herd). The Beef Synthetic, which had crossbred foundation, had significantly higher fertility, calved earlier, had smaller phenotypic variance, and lower year-to-year fluctuation in the reproductive traits than the Hereford. Variations in reproductive performances of bulls of the same breed group used in the same year were much larger than those among different years, the former comprised over 75% of phenotypic variance of the traits in the two breed groups. Relationships between fertility of bulls and their weight and growth parameters were negligible, but bull fertility tended (P < 0.10) to improve with age. Bulls that were heavy at weaning, end of feedlot test and breeding settled their mates earlier during the breeding season. Key words: Beef cattle, yearling bull, fertility

Egg weight and reproduction traits in laying hens: estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects using Bayesian approach via Gibbs sampling

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sewalem ◽  
K. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Sampling ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Zygote Development ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Female Reproductive Traits ◽  
Weight Trait

AbstractFertility, generally considered as a trait of the two parents, is perhaps best defined as the interaction between the male and female gametes in the production of a viable zygote. Although zygote development and hatchability are traits of the embryo influenced by maternal effects, in most previous studies they have been considered to be female reproductive traits. The aim of this work was to study the influence of sire on fertility and hatchability traits and to estimate the (co)variance components of direct and maternal genetic effects under a Bayesian setting via Gibbs sampling. We measured the fertility of 6396 eggs and the hatchability of 5393 embryos on an individual basis. In addition, egg weight from 42 to 63 weeks of age (EW63) was recorded on an individual egg basis. The sire accounted for a significant amount of the variation infertility and hatchability. For direct heritability, the marginal posterior mean, for fertility and hatchability were almost equal (0·24). The maternal heritabilities for fertility and hatchability were 0·20 and 0·18, respectively. The direct heritability value for the egg weight trait was high. The direct-direct genetic correlation between egg weight and hatchability was negative and significant. The genetic correlations between the direct effect of the egg weight trait and maternal effects for fertility and hatchability were low, with variable signs, and were not significant. On the other hand, significant negative genetic correlations between direct and maternal effects of fertility and hatchability were obtained (the posterior means were –0·56 for FE and –0·55 for HC).

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