REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, FEED INTAKE AND EFFICIENCY OF INDIGENOUS AND CROSSBRED TURKEYS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
B. M. ILORI ◽  
D. O. OGUNTADE ◽  
K. AKANO ◽  
S. O. DUROSARO ◽  
M. O. OZOJE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Female Reproductive Traits

This study assessed the reproductive performance of indigenous and crossbred parent stocks and the influence of sire genotype on the growth and efficiency of feed utilization by their progenies. A total of 300 poults, 150 for each genotype were generated from two crosses (Nicholas white x Indigenous and Indigenous x Indigenous turkeys). Data were collected on the reproductive performance of the parents while body weight and feed intake from day old to the 20th week of age were also collected from the progenies generated. The experiment was a complete randomized design with data generated subjected to two way analysis of variance using SAS. The result of the study showed that sire genotype had significant effect (p<0.05) on semen colour and semen volume while semen pH, motility, morphology and live dead ratio were not significantly affected. Crossbred tom had higher semen volume (0.39 ml) compared to 0.18 ml recorded in indigenous turkey. Genotype had no significant effect (p>0.05) on all female reproductive traits such as fertility, hatchability, dead in-germ, weak in-shell and dead in-shell. However, the indigenous turkey had higher fertility percentage (85%) while 80% hatchability was observed in crossbred turkey. Crossbred turkey significantly (p<0.05) had higher body weight (3330g) at 20 week of age compared to the indigenous turkey (2869g). Sexual dimorphism in favour of the male turkey was also observed throughout the period of the experiment. Although the crossbred turkey consumed more feed, the efficiency of feed utilization was better in the indigenous turkey. This findings suggested that the indigenous turkeys can be successfully improved with the introgression of exotic genetic material while crossbred turkeys can be further selected for improved productive and adaptive traits.  

scholarly journals GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF MEAT MALE QUAILS (COTURNIX SP.) OF TWO LINES UNDER TWO NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. M. ALMEIDA ◽  
E. G. OLIVEIRA ◽  
P. R. RAMOS ◽  
N. VEIGA ◽  
K. DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Crude Protein Level ◽  
Better Than

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de duas linhagens (italiana e japonesa) e de dois níveis de proteína bruta (20 e 26% PB) sobre o desempenho para corte foram utilizados 144 machos de codorna, criados em gaiola de 1 a 49 dias. Foram alojadas nove aves por gaiola, sorteadas de acordo com um esquema fatorial 2 x 2 em delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado com quatro repetições. O desempenho foi avaliado semanalmente. A linhagem italiana apresentou maiores peso médio, ganho de peso médio e consumo médio do que a japonesa. O consumo médio relativo e a conversão alimentar da linhagem italiana foram menores, indicando melhor capacidade de utilização do alimento. Abstract Male quails (144) were reared from 1 to 49 days in cages, to evaluate the effect of line (Italian and Japanese), and crude protein level (20 and 26% CP) upon growth performance for meat production. Nine birds were housed per cage, sorted out according to a 2 x 2 factorial scheme in an entirely randomized design with 4 repetitions. Growth performance was evaluated weekly. The Italian line had higher mean body weight, mean gain weight and mean feed intake than the Japanese line. The Italian line showed lower or equal means of feed intake adjusted for body weight, indicating that it had better feed utilization. Mean feed conversion of the italian line was better than that of the Japanese line.

scholarly journals Paper products as litter materials for broilers: performance, carcass defects, footpad lesions.

1969 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Héctor L. Santiago ◽  
Kenneth H. Aponte ◽  
Abner A. Rodríguez ◽  
José A. Orama ◽  
Mireille Argüelles
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Moisture Percentage

Recycled paper products were evaluated as litter material for broilers; parameters were growth performance, carcass quality, and footpad problems. One hundred sixty-eight broiler chicks were raised to market age (42 d) in an open-sided poultry house located at the Lajas Agricultural Experiment Station Small Animal Research Farm. Birds were assigned to 12 floor pens bedded with either rice hulls (RH) as control; a 50:50 mix of RH and shredded white paper (SWP); or a 50:50 mix of RH and shredded newspaper (SNP) according to a completely randomized design replicated four times. Traits measured were body weight, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, breast blister score, footpad burn score, and mortality. Litter moisture percentage was assessed at 14, 28, and 42 d of age. Litter material had no influence on body weight, breast blister score, or bird mortality. However, birds raised on SWP had lower feed intake and higher body weight than those raised on RH and SNP. No significant differences in feed conversion were observed among treatments from 7 to 28 d of age. At 35 and 42 d, birds raised in SWP had significantly lower feed conversion than controls, whereas feed conversion of birds raised in SNP did not differ from that of the other treatments. No differences were found for carcass yield among treatments. At all sampling times, litter moisture percentage was significantly higher in SNP than in the control. No litter caking problems were observed in any of the treatments. Significant differences in footpad burn scores were observed among all treatments, with birds raised on SNP having higher scores (severer lesions), than those on SWP and RH.The results suggest that recycled paper products could be an excellent alternative bedding material for broilers. The use of SWP as litter appears to improve broiler performance and reduce the incidence of footpad problems.

scholarly journals Effects of cooling on the reproductive performance of gilts

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
J.O. Oyedeji ◽  
G.O. Imagbenikaro
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

The study examined the effect of cooling on the reproductive performance of gilts using 27 Large White Experimental Gilts on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 systems of cooling, namely Wallow Cooling (WC), Sprinkler Cooling (SC) and Zero Cooling (ZC). Gilts were weighed at the commencement of the experiment and thereafter fed ad libitum from service to farrowing. Feed intake till farrow, feed cost, gilt weight at farrow, date of farrow, litter size and weight were recorded. The feed/piglet weight, feed intake/litter, feed cost/litter and birth weight/piglet were derived. The results showed that feed intake per litter and feed per piglet weight were highest for gilts placed on WC(P< 0.05), followed by SC and least for sow placed on ZC; gilt weight before farrow was highest for sow placed on SC (69.78±0.92), followed by ZC (69.33±0.94) and least for gilts placed on WC (67.33±0.87); litter sizes of gilts placed under the WC and SC systems were similar (5.6±0.41) while that under the ZC system was comparatively smaller (5.4±0.40);while the date of farrow was lowest in the ZC system (113.8±0.32) followed by SC (114.0±0.33) and highest under the WC (114.1±0.33). However, the feed intake per litter, feed per piglet weight, litter sizes of gilts, birth weight per piglet of gilts and the average date of farrow among gilts placed on WC, SC and ZC were not statistically different at 5% level of significance. Though, there is no significant difference in the performance among gilts placed on WC, SC and ZC, temperature regulation through provision of efficient cooling system in piggery would help to increase litter size, improve feed intake per litter and reduce the average cost of feeding gilt per day in maximizing reproductive performances in pigs.Keywords: Cooling, gilts, service, farrow, piggery, litter size, piglet and birth weight

scholarly journals Performance of dairy calves raised under two breeding systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Henrique Borger ◽  
Adriana Sousa Martins ◽  
Shivelly Los Galetto ◽  
Victor Breno Pedrosa ◽  
Raquel Abdallah da Rocha Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Randomized Design

Increasing concern about some animal production systems has placed considerable value on humanitarian breeding systems, aimed at ensuring animal welfare and comfort. Raising calves is one of the most important stages in a milk production system. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of Holstein dairy calves raised by two farming systems: conventional individual (CI) and collective with automatic calf feeder (CACF). Fourteen, 15-day-old Holstein dairy calves having an average initial body weight of 40 kg, were used. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven animals per treatment. The variables evaluated were the milk and feed intake, body weight, hip height, thoracic circumference and daily weight gain. The average milk intake was lower in the CACF (3.5 L animal-1 day-1) than CI (5.1 L animal-1 day-1) system. However, the feed intake was higher in the CACF (1.205 kg animal-1 day-1) compared to CI (0.910 kg animal-1 day-1) system. Body weight, thoracic circumference, hip height and daily weight gain were similar between the two systems. The CACF raised calves had a higher concentrate intake and lower milk intake than the calves raised under the CI system.

scholarly journals Correlated responses to selection for large body size in oMt1a-oGH transgenic mice: reproductive traits

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. PARKS ◽  
E. J. EISEN ◽  
I. J. PARKER ◽  
L. G. HESTER ◽  
J. D. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Correlated responses in female reproductive performance were evaluated following short-term selection within full-sib families for increased 8-week body weight in two replicates of four lines of mice: two ovine metallothionein–ovine growth hormone (oMt1a-oGH) transgene-carrier lines, one from a high-growth background (TM) and one from a control background (TC), and two non-transgenic lines, one from each of these genetic backgrounds (NM and NC, respectively). A fifth line (CC), not containing the transgene, served as a randomly selected control. The initial frequency of the oMt1a-oGH transgene construct in the TM and TC lines was 0·5. The frequency of transgenic females sampled at generations 7 and 8 of selection was 84·0% and 6·1% in the TC and TM lines, respectively. No significant female infertility differences were detected between transgene-carrier and non-transgenic lines or between transgenic and non-transgenic mice within carrier lines, whereas high-growth background lines had a higher infertility than control background lines (P < 0·05). Correlated responses in the TC transgene-carrier line were suggestive of reduced reproductive performance as indicated by increased post-implantation mortality (P < 0·05), number of dead fetuses plus implants (P < 0·05), and loss of fetuses from day 16 to parturition (P < 0·001). For the first two traits, the negative correlated responses were accounted for by the reduced performance of transgenic compared with non-transgenic females. Embryos carrying the transgene may also have a lower viability. In contrast, the NC non-transgenic line did not exhibit reduced reproductive performance for these traits. The low frequency of the transgene in the high-growth background TM line was associated with reduced fitness and a lower additive effect for 8-week body weight compared with the control background TC line.

Interrelationships among age, body weight, backfat and lactation feed intake with reproductive performance and longevity of sows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Young ◽  
G. J. King ◽  
J. Shaw ◽  
M. Quinton ◽  
J. S. Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Dietary Energy

Data from an experiment involving gilts mated at first, second or third observed estrus and feeding of three levels of gestation energy throughout four parities were used to evaluate the effects of age, body weight, backfat thickness and changes in them on various measures of reproductive performance. Regression equations were estimated by using a stepwise regression analysis. Data were available for 304 initial sows that farrowed a first litter of which 115 farrowed to initial assigned breeding within gestation dietary energy level and completed four parities. Age, weight, backfat thickness or ratios between them at initial mating did not account for an appreciable amount of the variation (R2 < 0.08) in number of pigs born alive in the first litter or total number of pigs born alive per initial sow. Feed intake in lactation, age at first estrus as gilts or age at breeding of sows and the ratio of backfat to weight at farrowing accounted for a small proportion of the variation in weaning to estrus interval. There was an increased culling rate of sows with less than 12 mm P2 backfat at weaning after parities 2 and 3. Key words: Weight, backfat, reproduction, longevity, sows

scholarly journals EVALUASI PRODUKSI DAN KUALITAS SEMEN SAPI SIMMENTAL TERHADAP TINGKAT BOBOT BADAN BERBEDA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitrah Khairi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Ideal Study ◽  
Fresh Semen

This study was conducted to find the rate of body weight ideal study Simental cows to produce production and the best quality fresh semen. The material used in this study were 9 males Simental cows were divided into 3 ranges of body weight as a treatment that is P1 = low body weight (822-878 kg), P2 = moderate weight (910-958 kg) and P3 = body weight high  (983-1041 kg). The number of cows in each group of body weight is considered as replicates. The method used was a survey method. The research is designed to completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and weight range 3 replications. Each stud cows housed cement 2 times per week for 12 weeks so that each cow cement accommodated as many as 24 times. Parameters observed in this study is that the volume of fresh cement production of cement per shelter and semen quality bulls include sperm motility and concentration of spermatozoa. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan test if there are significant levels of different body weights. The results showed that differences in body weight bulls simental not significant (P>0.05) for fresh semen volume, sperm motility and concentration of spermatozoa. Mean semen volume is best found in the high body weight group, whereas sperm motility and concentration of spermatozoa present in body weight groups were.

scholarly journals Genetic and Genomic Analyses of Service Sire Effect on Female Reproductive Traits in Holstein Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziwei Chen ◽  
Luiz F. Brito ◽  
Hanpeng Luo ◽  
Rui Shi ◽  
Yao Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Female Reproductive Traits ◽  
Success Traits ◽  
Calving Traits

Fertility and reproductive performance are key drivers of dairy farm profitability. Hence, reproduction traits have been included in a large majority of worldwide dairy cattle selection indexes. The reproductive traits are lowly heritable but can be improved through direct genetic selection. However, most scientific studies and dairy cattle breeding programs have focused solely on the genetic effects of the dam (GED) on reproductive performance and, therefore, ignored the contribution of the service sire in the phenotypic outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the service sire effects on female reproductive traits in Holstein cattle from a genomic perspective. Genetic parameter estimation and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed for the genetic effect of service sire (GESS) on conception rate (CR), 56-day non-return rate (NRR56), calving ease (CE), stillbirth (SB), and gestation length (GL). Our findings indicate that the additive genetic effects of both sire and dam contribute to the phenotypic variance of reproductive traits measured in females (0.0196 vs. 0.0109, 0.0237 vs. 0.0133, 0.0040 vs. 0.0289, 0.0782 vs. 0.0083, and 0.1024 vs. 0.1020 for GESS and GED heritability estimates for CR, NRR56, CE, SB, and GL, respectively), and these two genetic effects are positively correlated for SB (0.1394) and GL (0.7871). Interestingly, the breeding values for GESS on insemination success traits (CR and NRR56) are unfavorably and significantly correlated with some production, health, and type breeding values (ranging from −0.449 to 0.274), while the GESS values on calving traits (CE, SB, and GL) are usually favorably associated with those traits (ranging from −0.493 to 0.313). One hundred sixty-two significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their surrounding protein-coding genes were identified as significantly associated with GESS and GED, respectively. Six genes overlapped between GESS and GED for calving traits and 10 genes overlapped between GESS for success traits and calving traits. Our findings indicate the importance of considering the GESS when genetically evaluating the female reproductive traits in Holstein cattle.

scholarly journals Identification of Genes Targeted in South African Merino and Afrino Sheep Populations Under Long-Term Selection for Reproduction and Body Weight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha Snyman ◽  
Sunika Süllwald ◽  
Willem Olivier ◽  
Carina Visser
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
South African ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Background: Reproductive performance and body weight are of the utmost economic importance in determining the efficiency of sheep production. Simultaneous selection for increased reproductive performance and early growth traits is a common strategy in many flocks, but ambiguous results regarding the relationship between reproduction and body weight have been reported. The objective of this study was to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in two South African Merino flocks and an Afrino sheep flock that were selected for both reproduction and body weight over decades. The GWAS aimed to identify SNPs associated with genes affecting the traits number of lambs born (NLB), number of lambs weaned (NLW), total weight of lamb weaned (TWW) and body weight (BW) and thus to ascertain which genes were targeted through directional selection.Results: In the GWAS, 16 SNP markers associated with reproductive traits were identified among the three populations, while 15 SNPs were associated with body weight. These SNPs were linked respectively to 26 and 21 documented genes in the sheep genome. Most of these genes were previously associated in literature with reproduction related, as well as with growth related traits in various farm animal species. This study, supported by results from previous studies performed on sheep and cattle, identified the following genes that warrant further investigation as to their functions and processes relating to growth and reproduction in sheep: MAP7D1, TRAPPC3, THRAP3, TRMP8, SPP2, HDAC9, ZFHX3, SIX6, C14orf39, TAF4B, TRSP1 EYA2, RBMS3, STL38L, BSPH1, LIG1, CABP5 and ELSPBP1. Conclusions: Long-term selection in the flocks for both body weight and reproductive traits, and especially on the composite trait TWW, have favoured genes with pleiotropic effects influencing both groups of traits. SNPs associated with these pleiotropic genes were detected in the association analyses for the various traits.

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