scholarly journals Significance and Relevance of Spermatozoal RNAs to Male Fertility in Livestock

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijayalaxmi Sahoo ◽  
Ratan K. Choudhary ◽  
Paramajeet Sharma ◽  
Shanti Choudhary ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Livestock production contributes to a significant part of the economy in developing countries. Although artificial insemination techniques brought substantial improvements in reproductive efficiency, male infertility remains a leading challenge in livestock. Current strategies for the diagnosis of male infertility largely depend on the evaluation of semen parameters and fail to diagnose idiopathic infertility in most cases. Recent evidences show that spermatozoa contains a suit of RNA population whose profile differs between fertile and infertile males. Studies have also demonstrated the crucial roles of spermatozoal RNA (spRNA) in spermatogenesis, fertilization, and early embryonic development. Thus, the spRNA profile may serve as unique molecular signatures of fertile sperm and may play pivotal roles in the diagnosis and treatment of male fertility. This manuscript provides an update on various spRNA populations, including protein-coding and non-coding RNAs, in livestock species and their potential role in semen quality, particularly sperm motility, freezability, and fertility. The contribution of seminal plasma to the spRNA population is also discussed. Furthermore, we discussed the significance of rare non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in spermatogenic events.

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs in Breast Cancer: Intracellular and Intercellular Communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Klinge
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are regulators of intracellular and intercellular signaling in breast cancer. ncRNAs modulate intracellular signaling to control diverse cellular processes, including levels and activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα), proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and stemness. In addition, ncRNAs can be packaged into exosomes to provide intercellular communication by the transmission of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to cells locally or systemically. This review provides an overview of the biogenesis and roles of ncRNAs: small nucleolar RNA (snRNA), circular RNAs (circRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), miRNAs, and lncRNAs in breast cancer. Since more is known about the miRNAs and lncRNAs that are expressed in breast tumors, their established targets as oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors will be reviewed. The focus is on miRNAs and lncRNAs identified in breast tumors, since a number of ncRNAs identified in breast cancer cells are not dysregulated in breast tumors. The identity and putative function of selected lncRNAs increased: nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), steroid receptor RNA activator 1 (SRA1), colon cancer associated transcript 2 (CCAT2), colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE), myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT), and long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, Regulator of Reprogramming (LINC-ROR); and decreased levels of maternally-expressed 3 (MEG3) in breast tumors have been observed as well. miRNAs and lncRNAs are considered targets of therapeutic intervention in breast cancer, but further work is needed to bring the promise of regulating their activities to clinical use.

scholarly journals Obesity Appears to Impact Male Fertility by Degrading Overall Semen Quality Rather than Individual Semen Parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (15) ◽  
pp. 917-923
Author(s):  
Joseph Petty ◽  
Sami Jabara ◽  
Samuel Prien ◽  
Lindsay Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Semen Parameters

scholarly journals The Impact of Mutant p53 in the Non-Coding RNA World

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Silvia Di Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Rna World ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Mutant P53 ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Impact

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs), and extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are new groups of RNAs with regulation activities that have low or no protein-coding ability. Emerging evidence suggests that deregulated expression of these non-coding RNAs is associated with the induction and progression of diverse tumors throughout epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional modifications. A consistent number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been shown to be regulated by p53, the most important tumor suppressor of the cells frequently mutated in human cancer. It has been shown that some mutant p53 proteins are associated with the loss of tumor suppressor activity and the acquisition of new oncogenic functions named gain-of-function activities. In this review, we highlight recent lines of evidence suggesting that mutant p53 is involved in the expression of specific ncRNAs to gain oncogenic functions through the creation of a complex network of pathways that influence each other.

Circular RNAs: the Emerging Class of Non-coding RNAs and Their Potential Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 7224-7234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
Shamsuzzama ◽  
Rizwanul Haque ◽  
Tanvi Baghel ◽  
Aamir Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals CircITCH: A Circular RNA With Eminent Roles in the Carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Tayyebeh Khoshbakht ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Elena Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Ubiquitin Protein Ligase ◽  
Single Study ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of long non-coding RNAs with enclosed structure generated by back-splicing events. Numerous members of these transcripts have been shown to affect carcinogenesis. Circular RNA itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (circITCH) is a circRNA created from back splicing events in ITCH gene, a protein coding gene on 20q11.22 region. ITCH has a role as a catalyzer for ubiquitination through both proteolytic and non-proteolytic routes. CircITCH is involved in the pathetiology of cancers through regulation of the linear isoform as well as serving as sponge for several microRNAs, namely miR-17, miR-224, miR-214, miR-93-5p, miR-22, miR-7, miR-106a, miR-10a, miR-145, miR-421, miR-224-5p, miR-197 and miR-199a-5p. CircITCH is also involved in the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathways. Except from a single study in osteosarcoma, circITCH has been found to exert tumor suppressor role in diverse cancers. In the present manuscript, we provided a comprehensive review of investigations that reported function of circITCH in the carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals The effect of treatment by L-carnitine for infertile men on semen parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Jihad Manssor1 ◽  
Zaid Mohammed Mubarak Al–Mahdawi1 ◽  
Azzawi Mustafa Hadi2
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

L-Carnitine (LC) is highly concentrated in the epididymis and plays a crucial role in sperm metabolism and maturation. They are related to sperm motility and have antioxidant properties. The objective of this review is to summarize the multiple roles played by LC in male reproduction, and to highlight their limitations as well as their benefits in the treatment of male infertility. A variety of studies support the conclusion that LC at total daily amounts of at least 500mg  per day can significantly improve both sperm concentration and total sperm counts among men with astheno – or oligoasthenozoospermia. Although many clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of LC in selected cases of male infertility. Additional, a well – designed study is necessary to further validate the use of carnitines in the treatment of patients  with male infertility, specifically in men with poor semen  quality .    http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.027   

scholarly journals Coenzyme Q10, oxidative stress, and male infertility: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Ahmed T. Alahmar ◽  
Aldo E. Calogero ◽  
Rajender Singh ◽  
Rossella Cannarella ◽  
Pallav Sengupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Male Reproductive Function

Male infertility has a complex etiopathology, which mostly remains elusive. Although research has claimed that oxidative stress (OS) is the most likely underlying mechanism of idiopathic male infertility, the specific treatment of OS-mediated male infertility requires further investigation. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a vitamin-like substance, has been found in measurable levels in human semen. It exhibits essential metabolic and antioxidant functions, as well as playing a vital role in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Thus, CoQ10 may be a key player in the maintenance of biological redox balance. CoQ10 concentrations in seminal plasma directly correlate with semen parameters, especially sperm count and sperm motility. Seminal CoQ10 concentrations have been shown to be altered in various male infertility states, such as varicocele, asthenozoospermia, and medical or surgical regimens used to treat male infertility. These observations imply that CoQ10 plays an important physiological role in the maintenance and amelioration of semen quality. The present article thereby aimed to review the possible mechanisms through which CoQ10 plays a role in the regulation of male reproductive function, and to concisely discuss its efficacy as an ameliorative agent in restoring semen parameters in male infertility, as well as its impact on OS markers, sperm DNA fragmentation, pregnancy, and assisted reproductive technology outcomes.

scholarly journals Male Infertility, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vegim Zhaku ◽  
Ashok Agarwal ◽  
Sheqibe Beadini ◽  
Ralf Henkel ◽  
Renata Finelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract

Within the male reproductive system, oxidative stress (OS) has been identified as prevailing etiology of male infertility. The effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on male fertility depend on the dimensions, “modus operandi” of the ROS and the oxido-reduction potential (ORP) of the male reproductive tract. Hereupon, for an adequate response to OS, the cells of our body are endowed with a well-sophisticated system of defense in order to be protected. Various antioxidant enzymes and small molecular free radical scavengers, maintain the delicate balance between oxidants and reductants (antioxidants), crucial to cellular function and fertility. Therapeutic use of antioxidants is an optimal and coherent option in terms of mitigating OS and improving semen parameters. Therefore, recognizing and managing OS through either decreasing ROS levels or by increasing antioxidant force, appear to be a requesting approach in the management of male infertility. However, a clear defined attitude of the experts about the clinical efficacy of antioxidant therapy is still deprived. Prominently, antioxidant such as coenzyme Q10, vitamin C and E, lycopene, carnitine, zinc and selenium have been found useful in controlling the balance between ROS production and scavenging activities. In spite of that, healthy lifestyle, without smoke and alcohol, everyday exercise, reduction of psychological stress and quality well-designed meals, are habits that can overturn male infertility.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs: emerging players in cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naisam Abbas ◽  
Filippo Perbellini ◽  
Thomas Thum
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Proliferation ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Abstract Soon after birth, the regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart is lost, cardiomyocytes withdraw from the cell cycle and demonstrate a minimal proliferation rate. Despite improved treatment and reperfusion strategies, the uncompensated cardiomyocyte loss during injury and disease results in cardiac remodeling and subsequent heart failure. The promising field of regenerative medicine aims to restore both the structure and function of damaged tissue through modulation of cellular processes and regulatory mechanisms involved in cardiac cell cycle arrest to boost cardiomyocyte proliferation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are functional RNA molecules with no protein-coding function that have been reported to engage in cardiac regeneration and repair. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of both the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs involved in cardiomyocyte proliferation. Furthermore, we discuss their impact on the structure and contractile function of the heart in health and disease and their application for therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Lifestyle and Occupation patterns with poor semen quality: A cross sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandana Ranasinghe ◽  
Yehan Gamage ◽  
Ominda Perera ◽  
Chaminda Karunarathna ◽  
Lahiru Sandaruwaan Galgamuwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chemical Hazards

Abstract Background Infertility is a major problem persisting all around the world. According to WHO the rate of infertility is approximately 15% worldwide and it differ from geographical location, ethnicity and social status. Lifestyle habits, environmental and occupational hazards, physical parameters can be recognized as major risk factors which may affect male infertility. The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with male infertility in Sri Lanka. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on 299 individuals participated for an infertility clinic in a Teaching hospital in Sri Lanka. Socio-demographic, occupational and environmental characteristics were collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Semen samples were collected from each participant for laboratory investigations. Sperm concentration and motility, morphology and viability of sperms were measured. Results Out of total participants, 30.1% of participants had a sperm concentration of < 15 × 10⁶and the sperm mortality was < 32% in 34.7% participants. Older age, tobacco smokers, individuals using tight under wears and individuals exposed to either heat or chemical hazards were identified as risk groups with low sperm concentration and low semen volume. In addition, older age, individuals using tight under wears and individuals exposed to either heat or chemical hazards were significantly associated with low or abnormal sperm mortality and morphology. Individuals having diabetes showed a significantly higher non-motility rate of sperms. Alcohol usage, betel chewing, mumps, special radiation exposure, body mass index and waist circumference were not significantly associated with semen parameters. Conclusion Older age, tobacco smoking, wearing tight underwear, occupational exposures, and diabetes mellitus has shown a great risk for the generation of poor semen parameters, which can lead to male infertility. Furthermore it is very important to carry out extended studies regarding this problem to establish the effect of above factors.

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