scholarly journals Helminth Infections: Recognition and Modulation of the Immune Response by Innate Immune Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cristina Motran ◽  
Leonardo Silvane ◽  
Laura Silvina Chiapello ◽  
Martin Gustavo Theumer ◽  
Laura Fernanda Ambrosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Helminth Infections

scholarly journals Interfering with MIF-CD74 signalling on macrophages and dendritic cells with a peptide-based approach restores the immune response against metastatic melanoma

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos R. Figueiredo ◽  
Ricardo A. Azevedo ◽  
Sasha Mousdell ◽  
Pedro T. Resende-Lara ◽  
Lucy Ireland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapies

ABSTRACTMounting an effective immune response against cancer requires the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Metastatic melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Immunotherapies that boost the activity of effector T cells have shown a remarkable success in melanoma treatment. Patients, however, can develop resistance to such therapies by mechanisms that include the establishment of an immune suppressive tumour microenvironment. Understanding how metastatic melanoma cells suppress the immune system is vital to develop effective immunotherapies against this disease. In this study, we find that the innate immune cells, macrophages and dendritic cells are suppressed in metastatic melanoma. The Ig-CDR-based peptide C36L1 is able to restore macrophages and dendritic cells’ immunogenic functions and to inhibit metastatic growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that C36L1 interferes with the MIF-CD74 tumour-innate immune cells immunosuppressive signalling pathway and thereby restores an effective anti-tumour immune response. C36L1 directly binds to CD74 on macrophages and dendritic cells, disturbing CD74 structural dynamics and inhibiting MIF signalling through CD74. Our findings suggest that interfering with MIF-CD74 immunosuppressive signalling in macrophages and dendritic cells using peptide-based immunotherapy can restore the anti-tumour immune response in metastatic melanoma. Our study provides the rationale for further development of peptide-based therapies to restore the anti-tumour immune response.

scholarly journals The Role of Syk/CARD9-Coupled C-Type Lectin Receptors in Immunity toMycobacterium tuberculosisInfections

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohlopheni Jackson Marakalala ◽  
Lisa M. Graham ◽  
Gordon D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
Molecular Patterns

There is increasing interest in understanding the mechanisms underlying the interactions that occur betweenMycobacterium tuberculosisand host innate immune cells. These cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which recognise mycobacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and which can influence the host immune response to the infection. Although many of the PRRs appear to be redundant in the control ofM. tuberculosisinfectionin vivo, recent discoveries have revealed a key, nonredundant, role of the Syk/CARD9 signalling pathway in antimycobacterial immunity. Here we review these discoveries, as well as recent data investigating the role of the Syk/CARD9-coupled PRRs that have been implicated in mycobacterial recognition, including Dectin-1 and Mincle.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Endotoxin Stimulus Determines Toll-Like Receptor 4- and Caspase 11-Mediated Pathway Activation Characteristics

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orna Ernst ◽  
Mohd M. Khan ◽  
Benjamin L. Oyler ◽  
Sung Hwan Yoon ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Species Specific

Macrophages and monocytes are innate immune cells playing an important role in orchestrating the initial innate immune response to bacterial infection and the tissue damage. This response is facilitated by specific receptors on the cell surface and intracellularly.

Latest Advances in Small Molecule TLR 7/8 Agonist Drug Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 2228-2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Small Molecule Activation ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Recent Developments

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 play an important role in the activation of innate immune cells in mammals. These evolutionarily conserved receptors serve as important sentinels in response to infection. Activation of TLRs 7 and 8 triggers induction of a Th1 type innate immune response. The emergence of new structural and small molecule information generated in the last decade has contributed enormously to our understanding of this highly sophisticated process of innate immunity signaling. This review will focus on recent developments in the small molecule activation of TLR 7 and 8.

scholarly journals Differential Regulation of Macrophage Interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-12, and CD80-CD86 by Two Bacterial Toxins

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 5275-5281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Foss ◽  
Michael J. Zilliox ◽  
Michael P. Murtaugh
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Bacterial Toxins ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT The ability of innate immune cells to differentially respond to various bacterial components provides a mechanism by which the acquired immune response may be tailored to specific pathogens. The response of innate immune cells to bacterial components provides regulatory signals to cognate immune cells. These signals include secreted cytokines and costimulatory molecules, and to a large extent they determine the quantitative and qualitative nature of the immune response. In order to determine if innate immune cells can differentially respond to bacterial components, we compared the responses of macrophages to two bacterially derived molecules, cholera toxin (CT) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that CT and LPS differentially regulated the expression of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and CD80-CD86 but not that of IL-1β. LPS and CT each induced IL-1β expression in macrophages, while only LPS induced IL-12 and only CT induced CD80-CD86. These differences were markedly potentiated in gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-treated macrophages, in which LPS potently induced IL-12 and CD80-CD86 expression. In contrast, IFN-γ treatment had no effect on the expression of IL-1β. These results define a molecular basis for the differential pathogenicities of bacterial toxins and are relevant to the design of vaccine adjuvants able to selectively induce desired types of immunity.

scholarly journals A Proinflammatory Effect of the β-Glucan from Pleurotus cornucopiae Mushroom on Macrophage Action

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro Minato ◽  
Akihiro Ohara ◽  
Masashi Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Proinflammatory Effect ◽  
And Control

PCPS from P. citrinopileatus mushroom extract is a β-1,6-glucan possessing a proinflammatory effect on innate immune cells. The PCPS stimulated THP-1 macrophages to secrete significant levels of TNF. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of TNF and IL-1β were significantly enhanced by PCPS treatment. However, the PCPS did not induce to express both IL-12 and IL-10 mRNA in the macrophages. Next, the P. cornucopiae extract (containing mainly PCPS) treatment against mice showed significant increases in TNF and IL-1β mRNA expressions in the peritoneal macrophages of them. In this study, the expression levels of IFNγ mRNA in the spleen were almost the same between the extract- (PCPS-) treated group and control group. However, the expression of IL-4 mRNA showed a lower level in the extract-treated group than that in the control. Our results suggested that the PCPS could induce proinflammatory action in the immune response. In addition, the proinflammatory effect of the PCPS on THP-1 was enhanced by 5′-GMP-Na, while it was reduced by vitamin D2. These two compounds are majorly contained in the P. citrinopileatus mushroom. Therefore, these results suggested that the P. citrinopileatus mushroom might contain other immune regulative compounds, such as vitamin D2, as well as PCPS.

scholarly journals Epigenetic and metabolic programming of innate immunity in sepsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidula Vachharajani ◽  
Charles E McCall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
The United States ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Sepsis Mortality ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Individual Variations

Sepsis, the 10th leading cause of death, is the most expensive condition in the United States. The immune response in sepsis transitions from hyperinflammatory to a hypoinflammatory and immunosuppressive phase; individual variations regarding timing and overlap between hyper- and hypoinflammation exist in a number of patients. While one third of the sepsis-related deaths occur during hyperinflammation, majority of the sepsis-mortality occurs during the hypoinflammatory phase. Currently, no phase-specific molecular-based therapies exist to treat sepsis. Coordinated epigenetic and metabolic perturbations orchestrate this shift from hyper- to hypoinflammation in innate immune cells during sepsis. These epigenetic and metabolic changes during sepsis progression and therapeutic opportunities they pose are described in this review.

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