scholarly journals Gut Microbiota as Regulators of Th17/Treg Balance in Patients With Myasthenia Gravis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Chen ◽  
Xiangqi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Immune Imbalance

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired neurological autoimmune disorder characterized by dysfunctional transmission at the neuromuscular junction, with its etiology associated with genetic and environmental factors. Anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) and pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells functionally antagonize each other, and the immune imbalance between them contributes to the pathogenesis of MG. Among the numerous factors influencing the balance of Th17/Treg cells, the gut microbiota have received attention from scholars. Gut microbial dysbiosis and altered microbial metabolites have been seen in patients with MG. Therefore, correcting Th17/Treg imbalances may be a novel therapeutic approach to MG by modifying the gut microbiota. In this review, we initially review the association between Treg/Th17 and the occurrence of MG and subsequently focus on recent findings on alterations of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in patients with MG. We also explore the effects of gut microbiota on Th17/Treg balance in patients with MG, which may provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals The protective effect of curcumin on rats with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and its mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Guo ◽  
Yan-yan Zhang ◽  
Mei Sun ◽  
Ling-fen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Aim This study aimed to explore effect of curcumin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rats and its mechanism.Methods: A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model was established. The disease activity index (DAI) scores were calculated. The histopathological damage scores were determined by haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the spleen were analysed by flow cytometry. The levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17A were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Compared with the DSS model group, the curcumin group exhibited significantly reduced DAI scores and improvements in histopathological damage. The expression of CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells was significantly lower and the expression of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells was significantly higher in the curcumin group than in the DSS group.Conclusion: Curcumin may be a new and effective treatment for IBD by regulating the balance of Treg/Th17 cells and the expression of IL-10 and IL-17A.

scholarly journals Differential Levels of Regulatory T Cells and T-Helper-17 Cells in Women With Early and Advanced Endometriosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 4715-4729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaleque N Khan ◽  
Kazuo Yamamoto ◽  
Akira Fujishita ◽  
Hideki Muto ◽  
Akemi Koshiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Cell Subpopulations ◽  
American Society ◽  
T Cell Subpopulations

Abstract Context Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T-helper-17 (Th17) cells may be involved in endometriosis. Information on the pattern of change in the percentages of Treg and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with early and advanced endometriosis is unclear. Objective To investigate the pattern of change in the percentages of Treg and Th17 cells in the PB and PF of women with early and advanced endometriosis. Methods We recruited 31 women with laparoscopically and histologically confirmed, revised American Society of Reproductive Medicine stage I-II endometriosis, 39 women with stage III-IV endometriosis, and 36 control subjects without visible endometriosis. PB and PF samples were collected and T-cell subpopulations analyzed by flow cytometry using specific monoclonal antibodies recognizing CD4+, CD25+, FOXP3+, and IL-17A+ markers. PF concentrations of TGF-β and IL-17 were measured by ELISA. Results The percentages of CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells within the CD4+ T-cell population were significantly higher in the PF of women with advanced endometriosis than in either early endometriosis or in control subjects (P < 0.05 for both). A persistently lower percentage of CD4+IL-17A+ Th17 cells was found in both PB and PF of women with early and advanced endometriosis. Compared with IL-17 levels, PF levels of TGF-β were significantly higher in women with endometriosis (P = 0.01). Conclusion Our findings reconfirmed the current speculation that endometriosis is related to alteration of Treg and Th17 cells in the pelvis causing survival and implantation of ectopic endometrial lesions.

Restoring T-helper 17 cell/regulatory T-cell balance and decreasing disease activity by rapamycin and all-trans retinoic acid in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1397-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Chu ◽  
C Zhao ◽  
B Zhang ◽  
X Wang ◽  
Y Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
Sledai Score ◽  
Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cell Balance

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of rapamycin (RAPA) alone or in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the T-helper 17 (Th17) cell/regulatory T-cell (Treg) balance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Methods Seventy patients with SLE were enrolled. They were randomly and equally divided into RAPA and RAPA + ATRA groups. The number of Th17 and Treg cells was measured by flow cytometry before and after treatment for 6, 12 and 24 weeks. The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score and the prednisone dose before and after treatment were used to evaluate the efficacy between the two groups. Results In both groups, at different time points after treatment, the number of Th17 cells ( p = 0.003) and Th17/Treg ratio ( p = 0.044) reduced, while the number of Treg cells ( p = 0.574) tended to increase. The SLEDAI score and the dose of prednisone decreased significantly ( p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the number of Th17 cells ( p = 0.089), Treg cells ( p = 0.059), Th17/Treg ratio ( p = 0.580), SLEDAI score ( p = 0.127) and the dose of prednisone ( p = 0.329) between the two groups. Conclusion Disease activity in SLE patients reduced with RAPA alone or in conjunction with ATRA, reducing glucocorticoid requirement. One of its mechanisms of action may be regulating the Th17/Treg cell balance, which provides a new model for the pathogenesis and potential treatment of SLE.

scholarly journals T Helper 17 Cells in Autoimmune Liver Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Abe ◽  
Yoichi Hiasa ◽  
Morikazu Onji
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 17

Many autoimmune diseases are driven by self-reactive T helper (Th) cells. A new population of effector CD4+T cells characterized by the secretion of interleukin (IL)-17, referred to as Th17 cells, has been demonstrated to be phenotypically, functionally, and developmentally distinct from Th1 and Th2 cells. Because the liver is known to be an important source of transforming growth factor-βand IL-6, which are cytokines that are crucial for Th17 differentiation, it is very likely that Th17 cells contribute to liver inflammation and autoimmunity. In contrast, another distinct subset of T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), downregulate immune responses and play an important role in maintaining self-tolerance. In addition, there is a reciprocal relationship between Th17 cells and Tregs, in development and effector functions, and the balance between Th17 and Treg cells can affect the outcome of immune responses, particularly in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will focus on the latest investigative findings related to Th17 cells in autoimmune liver disease.

scholarly journals The Role of the Microbiota in Graves’ Disease and Graves’ Orbitopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jueyu Hou ◽  
Yunjing Tang ◽  
Yongjiang Chen ◽  
Danian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Material Transfer ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
Graves Orbitopathy

Graves‘ disease (GD) is a clinical syndrome with an enlarged and overactive thyroid gland, an accelerated heart rate, Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), and pretibial myxedema (PTM). GO is the most common extrathyroidal complication of GD. GD/GO has a significant negative impact on the quality of life. GD is the most common systemic autoimmune disorder, mediated by autoantibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). It is generally accepted that GD/GO results from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors that lead to the loss of immune tolerance to thyroid antigens. However, the exact mechanism is still elusive. Systematic investigations into GD/GO animal models and clinical patients have provided important new insight into these disorders during the past 4 years. These studies suggested that gut microbiota may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of GD/GO. Antibiotic vancomycin can reduce disease severity, but fecal material transfer (FMT) from GD/GO patients exaggerates the disease in GD/GO mouse models. There are significant differences in microbiota composition between GD/GO patients and healthy controls. Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Veillonella often increase in GD patients. The commonly used therapeutic agents for GD/GO can also affect the gut microbiota. Antigenic mimicry and the imbalance of T helper 17 cells (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the primary mechanisms proposed for dysbiosis in GD/GO. Interventions including antibiotics, probiotics, and diet modification that modulate the gut microbiota have been actively investigated in preclinical models and, to some extent, in clinical settings, such as probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum) and selenium supplements. Future studies will reveal molecular pathways linking gut and thyroid functions and how they impact orbital autoimmunity. Microbiota-targeting therapeutics will likely be an essential strategy in managing GD/GO in the coming years.

scholarly journals The role of microbiome in rheumatoid arthritis treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1759720X1984463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Bodkhe ◽  
Baskar Balakrishnan ◽  
Veena Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Impact

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder with multifactorial etiology; both genetic and environmental factors are known to be involved in pathogenesis. Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) plays an essential role in controlling disease progression and symptoms. DMARDs have immunomodulatory properties and suppress immune response by interfering in various pro-inflammatory pathways. Recent evidence has shown that the gut microbiota directly and indirectly modulates the host immune system. RA has been associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Patients with RA treated with DMARDs show partial restoration of eubiotic gut microbiome. Hence, it is essential to understand the impact of DMARDs on the microbial composition and its consequent influences on the host immune system to identify novel therapies for RA. In this review, we discuss the importance of antirheumatic-drug-induced host microbiota modulations and possible probiotics that can generate eubiosis.

An imbalance between regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in acetylcholine receptor-positive myasthenia gravis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 1413 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Adolfo Villegas ◽  
Jérôme Van Wassenhove ◽  
Rozen Le Panse ◽  
Sonia Berrih-Aknin ◽  
Nadine Dragin
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
T Helper 17 Cells

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Improves Blood Pressure in SHRs by Regulating the Immune Balance between Th17 and Treg

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Hantong Hu ◽  
Pan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Immune Balance

The present study investigated the effects of electroacupuncture on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) by regulating the immune balance of T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells). This study investigated the role of electroacupuncture in the immune balance of SHRs using Western blot, flow cytometry, and ELISA techniques. Electroacupuncture significantly improved blood pressure, downregulated the expression of RORγt, and upregulated the expression of Foxp3, reduced the production of Th17 cells, promoted the production of Treg cells, reduced the secretion of IL-6 and IL-17, and increased the secretion of TGF-β1 and IL-10. These findings suggest that electroacupuncture therapy effectively improved the systolic blood pressure of SHRs, and its mechanism may be related to promotion of the immune balance between Th17 and Treg.

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