scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination: Concerns About Its Accessibility, Affordability, and Acceptability

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inayat Ali ◽  
Shahbaz Ali ◽  
Sehar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Current Risk

By the mid of June 2021, after an almost 1.5-year-long COVID-19 pandemic that has significantly affected the world in multiple ways, various vaccines against COVID-19 have arrived and started worldwide. Yet, economic, (geo)political, and socio-cultural factors may influence its uptake at individual and country levels. Several issues will (and already have been reported in media) revolve around this vaccination regarding its accessibility, affordability, and acceptability at an individual level and a country level. Given that in this commentary, we provoke a discussion: Who—a country as well as the individuals—would have access to it, and who would economically afford it, and who would accept it? Centering these intriguing questions, we revisit the body of literature that explicates vaccine hesitancy, refusal, and resistance, and we also draw on the current literature and media reports about vaccination against COVID-19. We suggest that these backdrops need essential attention so that everyone can afford, accept, and have access to it. Otherwise, the current risk in the face of a year-old pandemic will continue.

Into the Icehouse

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Zalasiewicz ◽  
Mark Williams
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Popular Image

The frozen lands of the north are an unforgiving place for humans to live. The Inuit view of the cosmos is that it is ruled by no one, with no gods to create wind and sun and ice, or to provide punishment or forgiveness, or to act as Earth Mother or Father. Amid those harsh landscapes, belief is superfluous, and only fear can be relied on as a guide. How could such a world begin, and end? In Nordic mythology, in ancient times there used to be a yet greater kingdom of ice, ruled by the ice giant, Ymir Aurgelmir. To make a world fit for humans, Ymir was killed by three brothers—Odin, Vilje, and Ve. The blood of the dying giant drowned his own children, and formed the seas, while the body of the dead giant became the land. To keep out other ice giants that yet lived in the far north, Odin and his brothers made a wall out of Ymir’s eyebrows. One may see, fancifully, those eyebrows still, in the form of the massive, curved lines of morainic hills that run across Sweden and Finland. We now have a popular image of Ymir’s domain—the past ‘Ice Age’—as snowy landscapes of a recent past, populated by mammoths and woolly rhinos and fur-clad humans (who would have been beginning to create such legends to explain the precarious world on which they lived). This image, as we have seen, represents a peculiarly northern perspective. The current ice age is geologically ancient, for the bulk of the world’s land-ice had already grown to cover almost all Antarctica, more than thirty million years ago. Nevertheless, a mere two and a half million years ago, there was a significant transition in Earth history—an intensification of the Earth’s icehouse state that spread more or less permanent ice widely across the northern polar regions of the world. This intensification— via those fiendishly complex teleconnections that characterize the Earth system—changed the face of the entire globe. The changes can be detected in the sedimentary strata that were then being deposited around the world.

Institutions, Gender, and Entrepreneurship in Latin America

2018 ◽  
pp. 1334-1355
Author(s):  
David Urbano ◽  
Sebastian Aparicio ◽  
Maria Noguera
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The World

This chapter seeks to explore the institutional effects on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur, for both women and men, among a low-income level population, in the context of Latin American countries. By using institutional economics, it is hypothesized that personal autonomy, membership of an art or music organization, membership of a religious organization, and secondary educational environment have a positive effect on the probability of becoming self-employed, for both female and male. The World Values Survey (at individual level) and the World Development Indicators (at country level) provide the main information to empirically assess the influence of institutions on low-income self-employment. The findings from probit models suggest that personal autonomy, membership of an art or music organization, and secondary educational environment are factors defining the context in which women and men become entrepreneurs. Public strategies regarding gender equality are discussed.

scholarly journals Secularism and Fertility Worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110313
Author(s):  
Landon Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fertility Behavior ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The World

This study proposes and explores a new fertility determinant: societal secularism. Using country-level data from multiple sources ( n = 181) and multilevel data from 58 countries in the World Values Survey ( n = 83,301), the author documents a strong negative relationship between societal secularism and both country-level fertility rates and individual-level fertility behavior. Secularism, even in small amounts, is associated with population stagnation or even decline absent substantial immigration, whereas highly religious countries have higher fertility rates that promote population growth. This country-level pattern is driven by more than aggregate lower fertility of secular individuals. In fact, societal secularism is a better predictor of highly religious individuals’ fertility behavior than that of secular individuals, and this pattern is largely a function of cultural values related to gender, reproduction, and autonomy in secular societies. Beyond their importance for the religious composition of the world population, the patterns presented in this study are relevant to key fertility theories and could help account for below-replacement fertility.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance and achievements of the WHO Evidence-informed Policy Network (EVIPNet) Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Lester ◽  
Michelle M Haby ◽  
Evelina Chapman ◽  
Tanja Kuchenmüller
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
World Health ◽  
Network Member ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World

Abstract Background The Evidence-informed Policy Network (EVIPNet) is one of the key mechanisms introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce the research-to-policy gap. EVIPNet Europe was launched in 2012. We evaluated the performance and achievements of EVIPNet Europe. The aims were: (1) to develop an understanding of the inputs, outputs and outcomes of EVIPNet Europe at both WHO Secretariat and country level; and (2) to contribute to the evidence base for organizational knowledge translation activities by sharing the lessons learnt. MethodsThe evaluation covered the WHO Secretariat of EVIPNet Europe and its 21 member countries, from its inception to the end of 2018. A mixed methods design was used to answer the evaluation questions, including triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods – based on the EVIPNet Europe Monitoring & Evaluation framework. Data were collected between August and October 2018. Data collection comprised documentary review, social media analysis, online country evaluation, key informant interviews and validated tools. Two case studies were also developed.Results The evaluation showed promising results, as well as lessons to guide the future development of EVIPNet in Europe and other regions of the world. EVIPNet Europe appears to be filling a niche in promoting the capacity of Network member countries for evidence-informed policy-making. There is evidence that EVIPNet Europe’s capacity-building programme of work is improving knowledge and skills at the individual level. There has been an increase in activity and outputs since its establishment, and evidence has been used to inform new policies in some member countries. However, the speed at which member countries are developing or publishing products varies greatly and no formalized knowledge translation platforms have yet been created. Financial and human resources are limited and staff turnover is a cause for concern both at the WHO Secretariat and country team levels. ConclusionsSix years since the launch of EVIPNet Europe, the Network has grown quickly, is clearly valued and has had some successes. However, more work and support are needed if it is to achieve its vision of a Europe in which high-quality, context-sensitive evidence routinely informs health decision-making processes that ultimately serve to strengthen health outcomes across the Region.

Cold-Blooded and Badass

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel T Cesar ◽  
Scott H. Decker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Street Crime ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Reports

Carjacking is a bold crime characterized by unpredictability and danger. Media reports have identified carjackings throughout the world, and estimates suggest 34,000 occur annually in the United States alone. Research with active offenders has examined carjacking in the context of US street crime, but official reporting inconsistencies and a focus on instrumental motivations hinder a more comprehensive understanding of this crime. The lack of a theoretical framework to analyze the decision-making behaviors of carjackers further complicates the development of effective means to deal with carjacking. With this in mind, this chapter synthesizes the current literature about carjacking and then integrates that synthesis with van Gelder’s “hot/cool” approach to offender decision making. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of this framework for carjacking policy and prevention, and it suggests directions for future research.

scholarly journals U-18 Research review of the limitation of punishment for children during training and education

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-298
Author(s):  
Nazakat Ali ◽  
Faisal Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Education And Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Training

It is a natural principle in the world to reward good performance and punish bad performance or violation of rules and regulations. But children deserve love because they are not bound by the law and their weakness. Therefore, it is permissible to punish children for violating the rules and regulations during education and training. But Shari'a has set limits on punishing children. Because without limits and restrictions of anything, there is a danger of extremism. It is not permissible to beat a child with a stick as punishment. However, it is permissible to hit up to three numbers by hand. But it is not permissible to beat so hard that it marks or injures the body of child. It is also not permissible to slap a child in the face. It is also forbidden to punish a child beyond his means.

scholarly journals The Face and Body of the Other

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Garry Cockburn
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ecological Degradation ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

The Conference themes of love, healing, connection and authenticity challenge us to articulate how we might make an enlightened response to the eruption of evil, pervasive traumatic suffering, and ecological degradation threatening the world today. We have the resources to do this in our Bioenergetic tradition. Lowen’s scientific and sociological vision as expressed in his most important book, Fear of Life: A Therapy for Being, is foundational. There, he asserts the primacy of the body and human feelings and the archetypal importance of the Oedipus complex. A modern study of the Oedipus complex can help us more deeply understand how the face and body of «the other” can release us from the paranoia and fear of life so prevalent today and release the power of authentic love and grace that were central to Lowen’s life and vision.

scholarly journals Economic Freedom and People’s Regard for Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relevant Factors

AbstractUsing data on 48 countries, this paper finds that people in economically freer countries care more about education. This is probably mainly because economic freedom enables them and their children to achieve higher returns to education. The magnitude of the estimated effect is substantial. The paper combines individual-level data from the World Values Survey with country-level data on economic freedom and other relevant factors. It controls for all relevant characteristics of survey respondents as well as for potentially confounding country-level characteristics. It also addresses potential endogeneity of economic freedom.

scholarly journals The Authoritarian Predisposition and Liberal Beliefs about Democracy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data

This research examines how variation in one’s authoritarian predisposition is related to liberal beliefs about democracy. As a concept founded to explain the fall of Weimar Germany and the rise of authoritarian and fascist regimes post-WWI, individual-level authoritarianism is a prime suspect when considering the changing fortunes of liberal-democracy and democratic governance; a concern often expressed in recent literatures dealing with democracy-relevant attitudes and behaviors. While research on authoritarianism is usually focused on (in)tolerance toward outgroups, this article focuses on what people believe about democracy. Using data from the World Values Survey, among other sources, I look at how authoritarianism is related to liberal beliefs about democracy and how a country’s democratic context influences this relationship. While hypotheses I derived from the literature propose that the more authoritarian will hold weaker beliefs that liberal characteristics are required for democracy and that this relationship will be stronger in more democratic countries, the data indicate the opposite: in less liberal-democratic countries, the more authoritarian more strongly believe that liberal characteristics are necessary for democracy; in more liberal-democratic countries this relationship diminishes to the point of insignificant. These findings are discussed in light of the current literature on authoritarianism.

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