HIV Viremia Is Associated With APOL1 Variants and Reduced JC-Viruria

Variants in the Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene (G1-rs60910145, rs73885319, G2-rs71785313) are common in Africans and in individuals of recent African ancestry and are associated with an increased risk of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in particular of HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN). In light of the significantly increased risk of HIVAN in carriers of two APOL1 risk alleles, a role in HIV infectivity has been postulated in the mechanism of APOL1 associated kidney disease. Herein, we aim to explore the association between HIV viremia and APOL1 genotype. In addition, we investigated interaction between BK and JC viruria, CKD and HIV viremia. A total of 199 persons living with HIV/AIDS (comprising 82 CKD cases and 117 controls) from among the participants in the ongoing Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Kidney Disease Research Network case control study have been recruited. The two APOL1 renal risk alleles (RRA) genotypes were associated with a higher risk of CKD (OR 12.6, 95% CI 3.89–40.8, p < 0.0001). Even a single APOL1 RRA was associated with CKD risk (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.49–13.15, p = 0.007). The 2 APOL1 RRA genotypes were associated with an increased probability of having HIV viremia (OR 2.37 95% CI 1.0–5.63, p = 0.05). HIV viremia was associated with increased CKD risk (OR 7.45, 95% CI 1.66–33.35, P = 0.009) and with a significant reduction of JC virus urine shedding (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.98, p = 0.046). In contrast to prior studies, JC viruria was not associated with CKD but was restricted in patients with HIV viremia, regardless of CKD status. These findings suggest a role of APOL1 variants in HIV infectivity and emphasize that JC viruria can serve as biomarker for innate immune system activation.

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The role of chronic pain and current substance use in predicting negative social support among disadvantaged persons living with HIV/AIDS

AIDS Care ◽

10.1080/09540121.2016.1168916 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 1280-1286 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mary M. Mitchell ◽

Allysha C. Maragh-Bass ◽

Trang Q. Nguyen ◽

Sarina Isenberg ◽

Amy R. Knowlton

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Substance Use ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

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Polymorphisms inHSD17B1: Early Onset and Increased Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in Women with Down Syndrome

Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research ◽

10.1155/2012/361218 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Joseph H. Lee ◽

Susan Gurney ◽

Deborah Pang ◽

Alexis Temkin ◽

Naeun Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Risk Alleles ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Estrogen Activity ◽

Intron 4

Background/Aims. Genetic variants that affect estrogen activity may influence the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In women with Down syndrome, we examined the relation of polymorphisms in hydroxysteroid-17beta-dehydrogenase (HSD17B1) to age at onset and risk of AD.HSD17B1encodes the enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD1), which catalyzes the conversion of estrone to estradiol.Methods. Two hundred and thirty-eight women with DS, nondemented at baseline, 31–78 years of age, were followed at 14–18-month intervals for 4.5 years. Women were genotyped for 5 haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in theHSD17B1gene region, and their association with incident AD was examined.Results. Age at onset was earlier, and risk of AD was elevated from two- to threefold among women homozygous for the minor allele at 3 SNPs in intron 4 (rs676387), exon 6 (rs605059), and exon 4 inCOASY(rs598126). Carriers of the haplotype TCC, based on the risk alleles for these three SNPs, had an almost twofold increased risk of developing AD (hazard ratio = 1.8, 95% CI, 1.1–3.1).Conclusion. These findings support experimental and clinical studies of the neuroprotective role of estrogen.

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A Step Closer to the “Fourth 90”: A Practical Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management of Nutritional Issues of People Living with HIV

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11112047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2047

Author(s):

Davide Fiore Bavaro ◽

Paola Laghetti ◽

Mariacristina Poliseno ◽

Nicolò De Gennaro ◽

Francesco Di Gennaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Living With Hiv

The quality of life of people living with HIV (PLWH) has remarkably increased thanks to the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy. Still, PLWH are exposed to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease. Hence, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about diagnosis and nutritional management with specific indication of macro and micronutrients intake for the main comorbidities of PLWH. In fact, a prompt diagnosis and management of lifestyle behaviors are fundamental steps to reach the “fourth 90”. To achieve an early diagnosis of these comorbidities, clinicians have at their disposal algorithms such as the Framingham Score to assess cardiovascular risk; transient elastography and liver biopsy to detect NAFLD and NASH; and markers such as the oral glucose tolerance test and GFR to identify glucose impairment and renal failure, respectively. Furthermore, maintenance of ideal body weight is the goal for reducing cardiovascular risk and to improve diabetes, steatosis and fibrosis; while Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets are the dietetic approaches proposed for cardioprotective effects and for glycemic control, respectively. Conversely, diet management of chronic kidney disease requires different nutritional assessment, especially regarding protein intake, according to disease stage and eventually concomitant diabetes.

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Prevention of sudden cardiac death in persons living with HIV infection

Current HIV Research ◽

10.2174/1570162x19666210922154011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Jean-Jacques Monsuez ◽

Marilucy Lopez-Sublet

Keyword(s):

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Qt Interval Prolongation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Optimized Treatment ◽

Living With Hiv

: Persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) have been recognized to have an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Prevention of this risk should theoretically be included in their long-term management. However, only a few approaches have been proposed to optimize such interventions. Targeting detection of the commonly associated conditions such as coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias is the first step of this prevention. However, although detection of the risk of SCD is a suitable challenge in PLWH, it remains uncertain whether optimized treatment of the identified risks would unequivocally translate into a decrease in SCD rates.

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Association of preeclampsia with infant APOL1 genotype in African Americans

BMC Medical Genetics ◽

10.1186/s12881-020-01048-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna K. Miller ◽

Timur Azhibekov ◽

John F. O’Toole ◽

John R. Sedor ◽

Scott M. Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

African Ancestry ◽

Significant Risk ◽

The United States ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Case Definitions ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Risk Alleles ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Black women in the United States and Africa are at an increased risk for preeclampsia. Allelic variants in the gene for apolipoprotein LI, APOL1, are found only in populations of African ancestry, and have been shown to contribute significant risk for kidney disease. Recent studies suggest these APOL1 variants also may contribute risk for preeclampsia. Methods The association of preeclampsia with carriage of APOL1 risk alleles was evaluated in a case-control study of deliveries from black women at a single center in Cleveland, Ohio that included gross and histopathologic evaluations of placental tissues (395 cases and 282 controls). Using logistic regression models, associations between fetal APOL1 genotype and preeclampsia were evaluated using several case definitions based on prematurity and severity of preeclampsia, with uncomplicated term pregnancies as controls. Associations between APOL1 genotype and pathological features were also examined. Results The infant APOL1 genotype was significantly associated with preeclampsia in a dominant inheritance pattern with odds ratio of 1.41 (P=0.029, 95% CI 1.037, 1.926). Stratifying preeclampsia cases by preterm birth, significant associations were detected for both recessive (O.R.=1.70, P=0.038) and additive (O.R.=1.33, P=0.028) inheritance patterns. APOL1 genotype, however, was not significantly associated with pathological changes or other perinatal observations. Conclusions Preeclampsia appears to be another disease associated with APOL1 variants, however, further studies are needed to increase confidence in the mode of inheritance. By understanding the association of APOL1 variants with preeclampsia, genetic screening tests for APOL1 may be useful to predict at-risk pregnancies and targeted interventions may be developed to improve pregnancy outcomes.

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Variation inAPOL1Contributes to Ancestry-Level Differences in HDLc-Kidney Function Association

International Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1155/2012/748984 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Amy Rebecca Bentley ◽

Ayo P. Doumatey ◽

Guanjie Chen ◽

Hanxia Huang ◽

Jie Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African Americans ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

African Ancestry ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Risk Variant ◽

European Americans ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

High Density Cholesterol

Low levels of high-density cholesterol (HDLc) accompany chronic kidney disease, but the association between HDLc and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the general population is unclear. We investigated the HDLc-eGFR association in nondiabetic Han Chinese (HC,n=1100), West Africans (WA,n=1497), and African Americans (AA,n=1539). There were significant differences by ancestry: HDLc was positively associated with eGFR in HC (β=0.13,P<0.0001), but negatively associated among African ancestry populations (WA: −0.19,P<0.0001; AA: −0.09,P=0.02). These differences were also seen in nationally-representative NHANES data (among European Americans: 0.09,P=0.005; among African Americans −0.14,P=0.03). To further explore the findings in African ancestry populations, we investigated the role of an African ancestry-specific nephropathy risk variant, rs73885319, in the gene encoding HDL-associated APOL1. Among AA, an inverse HDLc-eGFR association was observed only with the risk genotype (−0.38 versus 0.001;P=0.03). This interaction was not seen in WA. In summary, counter to expectation, an inverse HDLc-eGFR association was observed among those of African ancestry. Given theAPOL1× HDLc interaction among AA, genetic factors may contribute to this paradoxical association. Notably, these findings suggest that the unexplained mechanism by whichAPOL1affects kidney-disease risk may involve HDLc.

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Sleep satisfaction and cognitive complaints in Chinese middle-aged and older persons living with HIV: the mediating role of anxiety and fatigue

AIDS Care ◽

10.1080/09540121.2020.1844861 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Shuyu Han ◽

Yan Hu ◽

Yaolin Pei ◽

Zheng Zhu ◽

Xiang Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Persons ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cognitive Complaints ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Sleep Satisfaction

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Burden of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among Persons Living with HIV and AIDS in Semiurban Uganda

AIDS Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2016/3015468 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Godfrey Zari Rukundo ◽

Brian Leslie Mishara ◽

Eugene Kinyanda

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Hiv And Aids ◽

Hiv Care ◽

State Anger ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Considerable Morbidity ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Aids

Although the impact of HIV/AIDS has changed globally, it still causes considerable morbidity and mortality, including suicidality, in countries like Uganda. This paper describes the burden and risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempt among 543 HIV-positive attending two HIV specialized clinics in Mbarara municipality, Uganda. The rate of suicidal ideation was 8.8% (n=48; 95% CI: 6.70–11.50) and suicidal attempt was 3.1% (17, 95% CI 2.00–5.00). The factors associated with increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts were state anger (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.09;p=0.001); trait anger (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.16,p=0.002); depression (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.20,p=0.001); hopelessness (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.23,p=0.024); anxiety (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.09); low social support (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07–0.47,p=0.001); inability to provide for others (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07–0.47,p=0.001); and stigma (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.11–5.54,p=0.027). At multivariate analysis, only state anger remained statistically significant. HIV/AIDS is associated with several clinical, psychological, and social factors which increase vulnerability to suicidal ideation and attempts. Making suicide risk assessment and management an integral part of HIV care is warranted.

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The role of physiotherapy in the treatment of HIV-related sensory neuropathy: The perceptions and referral practices of physicians

South African Journal of Physiotherapy ◽

10.4102/sajp.v71i1.286 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tania Steyl ◽

Felista T. Shayo

Keyword(s):

Professional Learning ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Sensory Neuropathy ◽

Hiv And Aids ◽

Inadequate Knowledge ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Referral Practices ◽

Living With Hiv

Background: HIV-related peripheral neuropathies are among the most prevalent chronic neurological disorders affecting persons living with HIV and AIDS. In order to improve the physical function and quality of life of those affected by the disease, a holistic or multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy, has been suggested for the management of neuropathic pain.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the physicians’ perceptions regarding the role of physiotherapy in the management of patients with HIV-sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) and their referral practices in Tanzania.Methods: A qualitative study design incorporating purposive sampling was employed in the study. A total of 10 physicians from a hospital in Tanzania agreed to participate in in-depth interviews.Results: Physicians had poor perceptions of the role of physiotherapy in the management of patients with HIV-SN. Their inadequate knowledge of the role of physiotherapy and the limited number of physiotherapists employed negatively influenced their referral of patients with HIV-SN for physiotherapy.Conclusion: In Tanzania, referral for physiotherapy is still dependent on medical doctors. Inter-professional learning is imperative for minimising the stereotypes that may exist across professions, hence the need to improve awareness of specific roles in patient management. This could improve knowledge of the role of other professionals in the management and rehabilitation of affected patients and consequently improve perceptions and facilitate referrals of patients with HIV-SN for more integrated care.

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