Analysis of Difference in Microbial Community and Physicochemical Indices Between Surface and Central Parts of Chinese Special-Flavor Baijiu Daqu

Special-flavor Baijiu is a unique Baijiu in Jiangxi Province, China, whose uniqueness mainly depends on the unique production process of special-flavor Baijiu Daqu. However, the microbial structure and physicochemical indices of different parts of the special-flavor Baijiu Daqu are still unknown. This greatly reduces the actual value of Daqu in the production of special-flavor Baijiu. Therefore, culture-dependent and Illumina MiSeq sequencing methods were used to analyze the microbial structure of special-flavor Baijiu Daqu. The results indicated that there was a complicated microbial diversity in Chinese special-flavor Baijiu Daqu. The predominant bacterial communities were Bacillales, Lactobacillales, and Rhodospirillales, while Saccharomycetales and Eurotiales were the predominant fungal communities. Significant differences in microbial community and distribution were shown between the surface and central parts of Daqu. Acetobacter and Pichia genera were the predominant microorganisms in the surface part of Daqu, whereas Aspergillus, Kroppenstedtia, Oceanobacillus, and Bacillus genera were the predominant microorganisms in the central part of Daqu. Meantime, the different microbial distributions between the surface and central parts of Daqu caused the significant differences in the physicochemical indices. These results can provide an important theoretical basis for improving the brewing process and the quality of special-flavor Baijiu.

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Alleviating Continuous Monocropping Obstacle in Melon: Biological Elimination of Phenolic Acid

10.21203/rs.3.rs-127303/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huiqin Xie ◽

Yongli Ku ◽

Xiangna Yang ◽

Le Cao ◽

Xueli Mei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

High Performance ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Soil Microbial

Abstract Background: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the most important fruit crops grown in China. However, the yield and quality of melon have significantly declined under continuous cropping. Phenolic acids are believed to be associated with the continuous monocropping obstacle (CMO) and can influence plant microbe interactions. Coumaric acid (CA) is one of the major phenolic acids found in melon root exudates. The objectives of this study were to estimate the elimination of CA by the soil bacterium K3 as well as its effects on mitigating melon CMO. CA degradation was investigated by monitoring the CA retained in the growth medium using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of CA and K3 on rhizosphere soil microbial communities were investigated by the spread plate method and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Furthermore, the effects of CA and K3 on melon seedling growth were measured under potted conditions. The changes in soil enzymes and fruit quality under K3 amendment were examined in a greenhouse experiment. Result:The results suggest that the addition of CA had the same result as the CMO, such as deterioration of the microbial community and slower growth of melon plants. HPLC and microbial analysis showed that K3 had a pronounced ability to decompose CA and could improve the soil microbial community environment. Soil inoculation with K3 agent could significantly improve the fruit quality of melon.Conclusion: Our results show that the effects of K3 in the soil are reflected by changes in populations and diversity of soil microbes and suggest that deterioration of microbial communities in soil might be associated with the growth constraint of melon in continuous monoculture systems.

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Effect ofBacillus velezensis JC-K3 on Endophytic Bacterial and Fungal Diversity in Wheat Under Salt Stress

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.802054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Chao Ji ◽

Xiaohui Wang ◽

Xin Song ◽

Qisheng Zhou ◽

Chaohui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Salt Damage ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can effectively reduce salt damage in plants. Currently, there are many studies on the effects of PGPB on the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil under salt stress, but fewer studies on the community structure of endophytic bacteria and fungi. We propose that inoculation of endophytic bacteria into the rhizosphere of plants can significantly affect the microbial community structure of the plant’s above-ground and underground parts, which may be the cause of the plant’s “Induced Systemic Tolerance.” The isolated endophytes were re-inoculated into the rhizosphere under salinity stress. We found that, compared with the control group, inoculation with endophytic Bacillus velezensis JC-K3 not only increased the accumulation of wheat biomass, but also increased the content of soluble sugar and chlorophyll in wheat, and reduced the absorption of Na in wheat shoots and leaves. The abundance of bacterial communities in shoots and leaves increased and the abundance of fungal communities decreased after inoculation with JC-K3. The fungal community richness of wheat rhizosphere soil was significantly increased. The diversity of bacterial communities in shoots and leaves increased, and the richness of fungal communities decreased. JC-K3 strain improved wheat’s biomass accumulation ability, osmotic adjustment ability, and ion selective absorption ability. In addition, JC-K3 significantly altered the diversity and abundance of endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms in wheat. PGPB can effectively reduce plant salt damage. At present, there are many studies on the effect of PGPB on the microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil under salt stress, but there are few studies on the community structure changes of endophytic bacteria and fungi in plants.

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Effects of plant cultivars on the structure of bacterial and fungal communities associated with ginseng

10.21203/rs.3.rs-50235/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huaying Wang ◽

Xiaoxue Fang ◽

Hao Wu ◽

Xinyu Cai ◽

Hongxing Xiao

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Fungal Diversity ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽

Soil Rhizosphere ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Abstract Background There is a growing awareness of the importance of root-associated bacteria and fungi to plant growth. At present, little is known about whether different ginseng cultivars affect the soil rhizosphere microbial community. Results Here, we examined the changes in the microorganismal diversity and composition of the rhizospheres of different ginseng cultivars. We found that fungal communities were more influenced by the cultivars than bacterial communities and revealed differences in the microbial community composition and diversity among the different ginseng cultivars. We found that fungal diversity was negatively correlated with bacterial diversity in CBGL, JYSH and SZSZ; however, TSBT had the lowest bacterial and fungal diversity. We also discovered certain rhizosphere microorganisms that may be associated with pathogenicity and the lifespan of ginseng cultivars, including Bacillus, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp. Conclusions Our results showed that the microbial diversity and community structures under different ginseng cultivars are significantly different and are related to the host cultivar. This result is helpful in providing information that could be used for the breeding of Panax ginseng.

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Response of bacterial and fungal communities to high petroleum pollution in different soils

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80631-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Polina Galitskaya ◽

Liliya Biktasheva ◽

Sergey Blagodatsky ◽

Svetlana Selivanovskaya

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Petroleum Pollution ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Different Soils

AbstractPetroleum pollution of soils is a major environmental problem. Soil microorganisms can decompose a significant fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil at low concentrations (1–5%). This characteristic can be used for soil remediation after oil pollution. Microbial community dynamics and functions are well studied in cases of moderate petroleum pollution, while cases with heavy soil pollution have received much less attention. We studied bacterial and fungal successions in three different soils with high petroleum contents (6 and 25%) in a laboratory experiment. The proportion of aliphatic and aromatic compounds decreased by 4–7% in samples with 6% pollution after 120 days of incubation but remained unchanged in samples with 25% hydrocarbons. The composition of the microbial community changed significantly in all cases. Oil pollution led to an increase in the relative abundance of bacteria such as Actinobacteria and the candidate TM7 phylum (Saccaribacteria) and to a decrease in that of Bacteroidetes. The gene abundance (number of OTUs) of oil-degrading bacteria (Rhodococcus sp., candidate class TM7-3 representative) became dominant in all soil samples, irrespective of the petroleum pollution level and soil type. The fungal communities in unpolluted soil samples differed more significantly than the bacterial communities. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that in the polluted soil, successions of fungal communities differed between soils, in contrast to bacterial communities. However, these successions showed similar trends: fungi capable of lignin and cellulose decomposition, e.g., from the genera Fusarium and Mortierella, were dominant during the incubation period.

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Effects of Tilletia foetida on Microbial Communities in the Rhizosphere Soil of Wheat Seeds Coated with Different Concentrations of Jianzhuang

Microbial Ecology ◽

10.1007/s00248-021-01696-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ghulam Muhae Ud Din ◽

Zhenzhen Du ◽

Han Zhang ◽

Sifeng Zhao ◽

Taiguo Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Communities ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Common Bunt ◽

Fungal Abundance ◽

Wheat Seeds ◽

Tilletia Foetida

AbstractTilletia foetida (syn. T. laevis) leads to wheat common bunt, a worldwide disease that can lead to 80% yield loss and even total loss of production, together with degrading the quality of grains and flour by producing a rotten fish smell. To explore the potential microbial community that may contribute to the control of soil- and seed-borne pathogens, in this study, we analyzed the effects of the plant pathogenic fungus T. foetida on rhizosphere soil microorganisms in wheat seeds coated with different concentrations of a fungicide (Jianzhuang) used to control the disease. To analyze the bacterial and fungal abundance in T. foetida-infected and mock-infected plants, the microorganisms were sequenced using high-throughput HiSeq 2500 gene sequencing. The results showed that bacterial communities, including Verrucomicrobia, Patescibacteria, Armatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Fibrobacteres, Chlamydiae, and Hydrogenedentes, and fungal communities, including Basidiomycota and Ciliophora, were more prevalent in the mock group than in the T. foetida-infected group, which may contribute to the control of wheat common bunt. Moreover, cluster and PCoA analysis revealed that replicates of the same samples were clustered together, and these results were also found in the distance index within-group analysis for bacterial and fungal communities in the T. foetida-infected and mock groups.

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Impacts of endophyte infection of ryegrass on rhizosphere metabolome and microbial community

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp14321 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (10) ◽

pp. 1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Wakelin ◽

S. Harrison ◽

C. Mander ◽

B. Dignam ◽

S. Rasmussen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Breeding Line ◽

Pastoral Systems ◽

Endophyte Infection ◽

Genome Association ◽

Biological Outcomes ◽

Levels Of Support ◽

Endophyte Fungi

The use of grasses such as ryegrass and fescues infected with endophytic fungi of the Epichloë genus is widespread in New Zealand’s pastoral systems. Each endophyte–cultivar combination represents a distinctive genome–genome association, resulting in unique biological outcomes. The wider influence of these interactions on rhizosphere microbiology are not well characterised. This is important, because there may be opportunities or risks associated with selective disruption of the rhizosphere microbiota. We explored the interaction of two commercially used endophyte fungi, E. festucae var. lolii strains AR1 and AR37, within a genetically uniform breeding line of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Samson 11104) on the rhizosphere metabolome and the composition of the fungal, bacterial, and Pseudomonas communities. There were strong differences in the rhizosphere metabolomes between infested and non-infested ryegrass strains (P = 0.06). These were attributed to shifts in various n-alkane hydrocarbon compounds. The endophyte-associated alteration in rhizosphere metabolome was linked to changes in the total bacterial (P < 0.01) and fungal (P < 0.05) rhizosphere communities. Furthermore, there was varying levels of support for endophyte-specific (AR1 v. AR37) impacts on the bacterial and fungal communities. Pseudomonas bacterial communities were not influenced by endophyte infection of ryegrass (P = 0.834).

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Effects of temperature onParamoeba peruransgrowth in culture and the associated microbial community

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182018001798 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 146 (4) ◽

pp. 533-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. Benedicenti ◽

C. J. Secombes ◽

C. Collins

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Illumina Miseq Sequencing ◽

Miseq Sequencing ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Over Time

AbstractPopulation growth,in vitro, of threeParamoeba peruranscultures, one polyclonal (G) and two clonal (B8, CE6, derived from G), previously shown to differ in virulence (B8 > G > CE6), was compared at 10 and 15 °C. B8 showed a significantly higher increase in attached and in suspended amoebae over time at 15 and 10 °C, respectively. CE6 and G also had significantly higher numbers of suspended amoebae at 10 °C compared with 15 °C at experiment termination. However, in contrast to B8, numbers of attached amoebae were significantly higher at 10 °C in CE6 but showed a similar trend in G at the end of the experiment. Numbers of both suspended and attached amoebae were lower in B8 compared with CE6 and G. Significant differences in bacterial community composition and/or relative abundances were found, between cultures, between temperatures and between the same culture with and without amoebae, based on 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Bacterial diversity was lower in B8 and CE6 compared with G, possibly reflecting selection during clonal isolation. The results indicate that polyclonalP. peruranspopulations may contain amoebae displaying different growth dynamics. Further studies are required to determine if these differences are linked to differences seen in the bacterial communities.

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Impact of Soil-Applied Microbial Inoculant and Fertilizer on Fungal and Bacterial Communities in the Rhizosphere of Robinia sp. and Populus sp. Plantations

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12091218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1218

Author(s):

Zoltán Mayer ◽

Andrea Gógán Csorbainé ◽

Ákos Juhász ◽

Attila Ombódi ◽

Antal Pápai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Communities ◽

Host Plants ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽

Nutrient Sources ◽

Sequencing Platform ◽

The Impact

The impact of chemical fertilization on rhizosphere soil communities is a growing concern due to the changes they cause on microbes in soil ecosystems. The present study aims to compare mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer applications on bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere soil of intensively cultivated Robinia pseudoacacia and Populus × euramericana plantations using the Illumina Miseq sequencing platform. Our results revealed that the different host plants and applied treatments did not significantly affect soil bacterial diversity, but interfered with native rhizosphere bacterial communities in plantation sites. In contrast, host plants and inorganic fertilizer had a strong effect at the family and genus level on the composition of soil fungal communities. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the structure and composition of the fungal community are more sensitive to the nutrient sources in soil than bacteria.

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Pollutant-Removing Biofilter Strains Associated with High Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Rate in a Livestock Wastewater Treatment Facility

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7358

Author(s):

Dong-Hyun Kim ◽

Hyun-Sik Yun ◽

Young-Saeng Kim ◽

Jong-Guk Kim

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Illumina Miseq Sequencing ◽

Miseq Sequencing ◽

Treatment Facility ◽

Livestock Wastewater ◽

Wastewater Treatment Facility

This study analyzed the microbial community metagenomically to determine the cause of the functionality of a livestock wastewater treatment facility that can effectively remove pollutants, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used in analyzing the composition and structure of the microbial community, and the 16S rRNA gene was used. Through Illumina MiSeq sequencing, information such as diversity indicators as well as the composition and structure of microbial communities present in the livestock wastewater treatment facility were obtained, and differences between microbial communities present in the investigated samples were compared. The number of reads, operational taxonomic units, and species richness were lower in influent sample (NLF), where the wastewater enters, than in effluent sample (NL), in which treated wastewater is found. This difference was greater in June 2019 than in January 2020, and the removal rates of ammonia (86.93%) and hydrogen sulfide (99.72%) were also higher in June 2019. In both areas, the community composition was similar in January 2020, whereas the influent sample (NLF) and effluent sample (NL) areas in June 2019 were dominated by Proteobacteria (76.23%) and Firmicutes (67.13%), respectively. Oleiphilaceae (40.89%) and Thioalkalibacteraceae (12.91%), which are related to ammonia and hydrogen sulfide removal, respectively, were identified in influent sample (NLF) in June 2019. They were more abundant in June 2019 than in January 2020. Therefore, the functionality of the livestock wastewater treatment facility was affected by characteristics, including the composition of the microbial community. Compared to Illumina MiSeq sequencing, fewer species were isolated and identified in both areas using culture-based methods, suggesting Illumina MiSeq sequencing as a powerful tool to determine the relevance of microbial communities for pollutant removal.

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Comparative analysis of the microbial community and nutritional quality of sufu

Food Science & Nutrition ◽

10.1002/fsn3.2372 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xingjiang Li ◽

Ying He ◽

Wei Yang ◽

Dongdong Mu ◽

Min Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Nutritional Quality

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