scholarly journals Probiotics and MicroRNA: Their Roles in the Host–Microbe Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Yan Zeng ◽  
Dong Zeng ◽  
Hesong Wang ◽  
Mengjia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Gut Homeostasis ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Gut Microorganisms

Probiotics are widely accepted to be beneficial for the maintenance of the gut homeostasis – the dynamic and healthy interactions between host and gut microorganisms. In addition, emerging as a key molecule of inter-domain communication, microRNAs (miRNAs) can also mediate the host–microbe interactions. However, a comprehensive description and summary of the association between miRNAs and probiotics have not been reported yet. In this review, we have discussed the roles of probiotics and miRNAs in host–microbe interactions and proposed the association of probiotics with altered miRNAs in various intestinal diseases and potential molecular mechanisms underlying the action of probiotics. Furthermore, we provided a perspective of probiotics–miRNA–host/gut microbiota axis applied in search of disease management highly associated with the gut microbiome, which will potentially prove to be beneficial for future studies.

scholarly journals Minimizing confounders and increasing data quality in murine models for studies of the gut microbiome

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Miyoshi ◽  
Vanessa Leone ◽  
Kentaro Nobutani ◽  
Mark W. Musch ◽  
Kristina Martinez-Guryn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Murine models are widely used to explore host-microbe interactions because of the challenges and limitations inherent to human studies. However, microbiome studies in murine models are not without their nuances. Inter-individual variations in gut microbiota are frequent even in animals housed within the same room. We therefore sought to find an efficient and effective standard operating procedure (SOP) to minimize these effects to improve consistency and reproducibility in murine microbiota studies. Mice were housed in a single room under specific-pathogen free conditions. Soiled cage bedding was routinely mixed weekly and distributed among all cages from weaning (three weeks old) until the onset of the study. Females and males were separated by sex and group-housed (up to five mice/cage) at weaning. 16S rRNA gene analyses of fecal samples showed that this protocol significantly reduced pre-study variability of gut microbiota amongst animals compared to other conventional measures used to normalize microbiota when large experimental cohorts have been required. A significant and consistent effect size was observed in gut microbiota when mice were switched from regular chow to purified diet in both sexes. However, sex and aging appeared to be independent drivers of gut microbial assemblage and should be taken into account in studies of this nature. In summary, we report a practical and effective pre-study SOP for normalizing the gut microbiome of murine cohorts that minimizes inter-individual variability and resolves co-housing problems inherent to male mice. This SOP may increase quality, rigor, and reproducibility of data acquisition and analysis.

The Gut Microbiome and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Shan ◽  
Mirae Lee ◽  
Eugene B. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
And Function

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) arise from a convergence of genetic risk, environmental factors, and gut microbiota, where each is necessary but not sufficient to cause disease. Emerging evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between disease progression and changes in microbiota membership and function. Thus, the study of the gut microbiome and host–microbe interactions should provide critical insights into disease pathogenesis as well as leads for developing microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions for IBD. In this article, we review the most recent advances in understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota and IBD and highlight the importance of going beyond establishing description and association to gain mechanistic insights into causes and consequences of IBD. The review aims to contextualize recent findings to form conceptional frameworks for understanding the etiopathogenesis of IBD and for the future development of microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Modulation Based on Probiotic Application for Anti-Obesity: A Review on Efficacy and Validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaliyan Barathikannan ◽  
Ramachandran Chelliah ◽  
Momna Rubab ◽  
Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽  
Fazle Elahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Impact

The growing prevalence of obesity has become an important problem worldwide as obesity has several health risks. Notably, factors such as excessive food consumption, a sedentary way of life, high sugar consumption, a fat-rich diet, and a certain genetic profile may lead to obesity. The present review brings together recent advances regarding the significance of interventions involving intestinal gut bacteria and host metabolic phenotypes. We assess important biological molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of gut microbiota on hosts including bile salt metabolism, short-chain fatty acids, and metabolic endotoxemia. Some previous studies have shown a link between microbiota and obesity, and associated disease reports have been documented. Thus, this review focuses on obesity and gut microbiota interactions and further develops the mechanism of the gut microbiome approach related to human obesity. Specifically, we highlight several alternative diet treatments including dietary changes and supplementation with probiotics. The future direction or comparative significance of fecal transplantation, synbiotics, and metabolomics as an approach to the modulation of intestinal microbes is also discussed.

scholarly journals Health and disease markers correlate with gut microbiome composition across thousands of people

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohad Manor ◽  
Chengzhen L. Dai ◽  
Sergey A. Kornilov ◽  
Brett Smith ◽  
Nathan D. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Abstract Variation in the human gut microbiome can reflect host lifestyle and behaviors and influence disease biomarker levels in the blood. Understanding the relationships between gut microbes and host phenotypes are critical for understanding wellness and disease. Here, we examine associations between the gut microbiota and ~150 host phenotypic features across ~3,400 individuals. We identify major axes of taxonomic variance in the gut and a putative diversity maximum along the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes axis. Our analyses reveal both known and unknown associations between microbiome composition and host clinical markers and lifestyle factors, including host-microbe associations that are composition-specific. These results suggest potential opportunities for targeted interventions that alter the composition of the microbiome to improve host health. By uncovering the interrelationships between host diet and lifestyle factors, clinical blood markers, and the human gut microbiome at the population-scale, our results serve as a roadmap for future studies on host-microbe interactions and interventions.

scholarly journals Social interaction-induced activation of RNA splicing in the amygdala of microbiome-deficient mice

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman M Stilling ◽  
Gerard M Moloney ◽  
Feargal J Ryan ◽  
Alan E Hoban ◽  
Thomaz FS Bastiaanssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Gene Expression Response ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Expression Response ◽  
Multiple Species

Social behaviour is regulated by activity of host-associated microbiota across multiple species. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating this relationship remain elusive. We therefore determined the dynamic, stimulus-dependent transcriptional regulation of germ-free (GF) and GF mice colonised post weaning (exGF) in the amygdala, a brain region critically involved in regulating social interaction. In GF mice the dynamic response seen in controls was attenuated and replaced by a marked increase in expression of splicing factors and alternative exon usage in GF mice upon stimulation, which was even more pronounced in exGF mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate a molecular basis for how the host microbiome is crucial for a normal behavioural response during social interaction. Our data further suggest that social behaviour is correlated with the gene-expression response in the amygdala, established during neurodevelopment as a result of host-microbe interactions. Our findings may help toward understanding neurodevelopmental events leading to social behaviour dysregulation, such as those found in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).

scholarly journals Gut microbiome stability and resilience: elucidating the response to perturbations in order to modulate gut health

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-321747
Author(s):  
Marina Fassarella ◽  
Ellen E Blaak ◽  
John Penders ◽  
Arjen Nauta ◽  
Hauke Smidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Stability And Resilience

The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, densely colonised by thousands of microbial species. It varies among individuals and depends on host genotype and environmental factors, such as diet and antibiotics. In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological characteristics of the gut microbiome and its relevance for human health. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, functional redundancy, microbe–microbe and host–microbe interactions seem to be critical for maintaining resilience. The equilibrium of the gut ecosystem can be disrupted by perturbations, such as antibiotic therapy, causing significant decreases in functional richness and microbial diversity as well as impacting metabolic health. As a consequence, unbalanced states or even unhealthy stable states can develop, potentially leading to or supporting diseases. Accordingly, strategies have been developed to manipulate the gut microbiome in order to prevent or revert unhealthy states caused by perturbations, including faecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation with probiotics or non-digestible carbohydrates, and more extensive dietary modifications. Nevertheless, an increasing number of studies has evidenced interindividual variability in extent and direction of response to diet and perturbations, which has been attributed to the unique characteristics of each individual’s microbiome. From a clinical, translational perspective, the ability to improve resilience of the gut microbial ecosystem prior to perturbations, or to restore its equilibrium afterwards, would offer significant benefits. To be effective, this therapeutic approach will likely need a personalised or subgroup-based understanding of individual genetics, diet, gut microbiome and other environmental factors that might be involved.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Response to Immunotherapeutic Drugs in Oncology: More Questions Than Answers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117955492093386
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Abhyankar ◽  
Kelly T McKee ◽  
Pavle Vukojevic
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Gut Microorganisms

Immuno-oncology drugs (IODs) have revolutionized the treatment of some cancers. Although IODs are enabling some patients with cancer to become long-time survivors, only 30% to 40% respond to these drugs. There is experimental and clinical evidence that the gut microbiome may play a role in IOD response, leading to speculation that manipulation of the gut microenvironment might improve the response rate to IODs. We review the evidence relating to how gut microorganisms may affect response to IODs and discuss the implications of targeting the microbiome to improve IOD response, including the challenges to refine and translate the findings to practical clinical use.

Host-microbe interactions mediating antitumorigenic effects of MRX0518, a gut microbiota-derived bacterial strain, in breast, renal and lung carcinoma.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15006-e15006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Stevenson ◽  
Alessio Panzica ◽  
Amy Holt ◽  
Delphine Laute Caly ◽  
Anna Ettore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

scholarly journals A New C-Type Lectin Similar to the Human Immunoreceptor DC-SIGN Mediates Symbiont Acquisition by a Marine Nematode

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 2950-2956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bulgheresi ◽  
Irma Schabussova ◽  
Tie Chen ◽  
Nicholas P. Mullin ◽  
Rick M. Maizels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Marine Nematode ◽  
Mannose Binding Protein ◽  
Mannose Binding ◽  
Marine Symbiosis ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Symbiont Acquisition

ABSTRACT Although thiotrophic symbioses have been intensively studied for the last three decades, nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms of symbiont acquisition. We used the symbiosis between the marine nematode Laxus oneistus and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria to study this process. In this association a monolayer of symbionts covers the whole cuticle of the nematode, except its anterior-most region. Here, we identify a novel Ca2+-dependent mannose-specific lectin that was exclusively secreted onto the posterior, bacterium-associated region of L. oneistus cuticle. A recombinant form of this lectin induced symbiont aggregation in seawater and was able to compete with the native lectin for symbiont binding in vivo. Surprisingly, the carbohydrate recognition domain of this mannose-binding protein was similar both structurally and functionally to a human dendritic cell-specific immunoreceptor. Our results provide a molecular link between bacterial symbionts and host-secreted mucus in a marine symbiosis and suggest conservation in the mechanisms of host-microbe interactions throughout the animal kingdom.

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