scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics, Antigenicity, Pathogenicity, and Zoonotic Potential of a H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus Currently Circulating in South China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihua Wu ◽  
Rongsheng Su ◽  
Yongxia Gu ◽  
Yanan Yu ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Protein Fusion ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
The North ◽  
Canine Influenza

Canine influenza viruses (CIVs) could be a source of influenza viruses which infect humans because canine are important companion pets. To assess the potential risk of H3N2 CIVs currently circulating in southern China to public health, biological characteristics of A/canine/Guangdong/DY1/2019 (CADY1/2019) were detected. CADY1/2019 bound to both avian-type and human-type receptors. CADY1/2019 had a similar pH value for HA protein fusion to human viruses, but its antigenicity was obviously different from those of current human H3N2 influenza viruses (IVs) or the vaccine strains recommended in the North hemisphere. CADY1/2019 effectively replicated in the respiratory tract and was transmitted by physical contact among guinea pigs. Compared to human H3N2 IV, CADY1/2019 exhibited higher replication in MDCK, A549, 3D4/21, ST, and PK15 cells. Sequence analysis indicated that CADY1/2019 is an avian-origin virus, and belongs to the novel clade and has acquired many adaptation mutations to infect other mammals, including human. Taken together, currently circulating H3N2 CIVs have a zoonotic potential, and there is a need for strengthening surveillance and monitoring of their pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Phosphoproteomics to Characterize Host Response During H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus Infection of Dog Lung

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongbo Liu ◽  
Cheng Fu ◽  
Shaotang Ye ◽  
Yingxin Liang ◽  
Zhonghe Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Canine Influenza

Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza viruses (CIVs) cause severe contagious respiratory disease in dogs, and quickly adapt to new environments. To further understand the mechanism of virus infection and host-virus interactions, we characterized the complete phosphoproteome of dogs infected with H3N2 CIV. Nine-week-old Beagle dogs were inoculated intranasally with 106 EID50 of A/canine/Guangdong/04/2014 (H3N2) virus. Lung sections were harvested at 5 days post-inoculation (dpi) and processed for global and quantitative analysis of differentially expressed phosphoproteins. A total of 1,235 differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were identified in the dog lung after H3N2 CIV infection, and 3,016 modification sites were identified among all differentially expressed proteins. We then performed an enrichment analysis of functional annotations using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) database analyses to predict the functions of the identified differential phosphoproteins. Our data indicate that H3N2 CIV infection causes dramatic changes in the host protein phosphorylation of dog lungs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the effect of H3N2 CIV infection on the phosphoproteome of beagles. These data provide novel insights into H3N2-CIV-triggered regulatory phosphorylation circuits and signaling networks and may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying CIV pathogenesis in dogs.

scholarly journals Experimental infection and natural contact exposure of ferrets with canine influenza virus (H3N2)

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Na Lee ◽  
Dong-Hun Lee ◽  
Jae-Keun Park ◽  
Seong-Su Yuk ◽  
Jung-Hoon Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Contact Exposure ◽  
Acute Necrotizing ◽  
Canine Influenza

Epidemics of H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) among dogs in South Korea and southern China have raised concern over the potential for zoonotic transmission of these viruses. Here, we analysed the pathogenesis and transmissibility of H3N2 CIV in ferret. H3N2 CIV replicated efficiently in the respiratory system of inoculated ferrets and caused acute necrotizing bronchioalveolitis and non-suppurative encephalitis. Transmission of H3N2 CIV was detected in three of six ferrets co-housed with inoculated ferrets, but no viruses were detected in second-contact ferrets. These findings show that H3N2 CIV has the capacity to replicate in and transmit partially among co-housed ferrets and underscore the need for continued public health surveillance.

scholarly journals A novel reassortant canine H3N1 influenza virus between pandemic H1N1 and canine H3N2 influenza viruses in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daesub Song ◽  
Hyoung-Joon Moon ◽  
Dong-Jun An ◽  
Hye-Young Jeoung ◽  
Hyekwon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
Pandemic Influenza H1n1 ◽  
Canine Influenza

During recent canine influenza surveillance in South Korea, a novel H3N1 canine influenza virus (CIV) that is a putative reassortant between pandemic H1N1 2009 and H3N2 CIVs was isolated. Genetic analysis of eight genes of the influenza virus revealed that the novel H3N1 isolate presented high similarities (99.1–99.9 %) to pandemic influenza H1N1, except for in the haemagglutinin (HA) gene. The HA gene nucleotide sequence of the novel CIV H3N1 was similar (99.6 %) to that of CIV H3N2 isolated in Korea and China. Dogs infected with the novel H3N1 CIV did not show any notable symptoms, in contrast to dogs infected with H3N2 CIV. Despite no visible clinical signs of disease, nasal shedding of virus was detected and the infected dogs presented mild histopathological changes.

scholarly journals Origins and Evolutionary Dynamics of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 5406-5418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henan Zhu ◽  
Joseph Hughes ◽  
Pablo R. Murcia
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
North American ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Canine Influenza

ABSTRACTInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) are maintained mainly in wild birds, and despite frequent spillover infections of avian IAVs into mammals, only a small number of viruses have become established in mammalian hosts. A new H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) of avian origin emerged in Asia in the mid-2000s and is now circulating in dog populations of China and South Korea, and possibly in Thailand. The emergence of CIV provides new opportunities for zoonotic infections and interspecies transmission. We examined 14,764 complete IAV genomes together with all CIV genomes publicly available since its first isolation until 2013. We show that CIV may have originated as early as 1999 as a result of segment reassortment among Eurasian and North American avian IAV lineages. We also identified amino acid changes that might have played a role in CIV emergence, some of which have not been previously identified in other cross-species jumps. CIV evolves at a lower rate than H3N2 human influenza viruses do, and viral phylogenies exhibit geographical structure compatible with high levels of local transmission. We detected multiple intrasubtypic and heterosubtypic reassortment events, including the acquisition of the NS segment of an H5N1 avian influenza virus that had previously been overlooked. In sum, our results provide insight into the adaptive changes required by avian viruses to establish themselves in mammals and also highlight the potential role of dogs to act as intermediate hosts in which viruses with zoonotic and/or pandemic potential could originate, particularly with an estimated dog population of ∼700 million.IMPORTANCEInfluenza A viruses circulate in humans and animals. This multihost ecology has important implications, as past pandemics were caused by IAVs carrying gene segments of both human and animal origin. Adaptive evolution is central to cross-species jumps, and this is why understanding the evolutionary processes that shape influenza A virus genomes is key to elucidating the mechanisms underpinning viral emergence. An avian-origin canine influenza virus (CIV) has recently emerged in dogs and is spreading in Asia. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of CIV and show that it originated from both Eurasian and North American avian lineages. We also identified the mutations that might have been responsible for the cross-species jump. Finally, we provide evidence of multiple reassortment events between CIV and other influenza viruses (including an H5N1 avian virus). This is a cause for concern, as there is a large global dog population to which humans are highly exposed.

scholarly journals Temperature-Sensitive Live-Attenuated Canine Influenza Virus H3N8 Vaccine

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Nogales ◽  
Laura Rodriguez ◽  
Caroline Chauché ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Emma C. Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Canine Influenza ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Canine influenza is a respiratory disease of dogs caused by canine influenza virus (CIV). CIV subtypes responsible for influenza in dogs include H3N8, which originated from the transfer of H3N8 equine influenza virus to dogs; and the H3N2 CIV, which is an avian-origin virus that adapted to infect dogs. Influenza infections are most effectively prevented through vaccination to reduce transmission and future infection. Currently, only inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) are available for the prevention of CIV in dogs. However, the efficacy of IIVs is suboptimal, and novel approaches are necessary for the prevention of disease caused by this canine respiratory pathogen. Using reverse genetics techniques, we have developed a live-attenuated CIV vaccine (LACIV) for the prevention of H3N8 CIV. The H3N8 LACIV replicates efficiently in canine cells at 33°C but is impaired at temperatures of 37 to 39°C and was attenuated compared to wild-type H3N8 CIV in vivo and ex vivo. The LACIV was able to induce protection against H3N8 CIV challenge with a single intranasal inoculation in mice. Immunogenicity and protection efficacy were better than that observed with a commercial CIV H3N8 IIV but provided limited cross-reactive immunity and heterologous protection against H3N2 CIV. These results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a LAIV approach for the prevention and control of H3N8 CIV in dogs and suggest the need for a new LAIV for the control of H3N2 CIV. IMPORTANCE Two influenza A virus subtypes has been reported in dogs in the last 16 years: the canine influenza viruses (CIV) H3N8 and H3N2 of equine and avian origins, respectively. To date, only inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) are available to prevent CIV infections. Here, we report the generation of a recombinant, temperature-sensitive H3N8 CIV as a live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), which was attenuated in mice and dog tracheal, explants compared to CIV H3N8 wild type. A single dose of H3N8 LACIV showed immunogenicity and protection against a homologous challenge that was better than that conferred with an H3N8 IIV, demonstrating the feasibility of implementing a LAIV approach for the improved control of H3N8 CIV infections in dogs.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian-Origin H3N2 Canine Influenza A Virus Isolated in Farmed Dogs in Southern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (18) ◽  
pp. 10238-10238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Su ◽  
Nan Cao ◽  
Jidang Chen ◽  
Furong Zhao ◽  
Huatao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Canine Influenza ◽  
Canine Influenza A Virus

We report here the complete genomic sequence of an avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza A virus containing multiple mutations in farmed dogs in southern China. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of all eight viral RNA segments demonstrated that these are wholly avian influenza viruses of the Asia lineage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of interspecies transmission of an avian H3N2 influenza virus to domestic farm dogs under natural conditions in Southern China. The amino acid information provided herein suggests that continued study is required to determine if this virus could be established in the farm dog population and pose potential threats to public health.

scholarly journals Emergence and Characterization of a Novel Reassortant Canine Influenza Virus Isolated from Cats

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Jin Zhao ◽  
Wanting He ◽  
Meng Lu ◽  
Haijian He ◽  
Alexander Lai
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Reassortant Virus ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Canine Influenza

Cats are susceptible to a wide range of influenza A viruses (IAV). Furthermore, cats can serve as an intermediate host, and transfer avian influenza virus (AIV) H7N2 to a veterinarian. In this report, a novel reassortant influenza virus, designated A/feline/Jiangsu/HWT/2017 (H3N2), and abbreviated as FIV-HWT-2017, was isolated from nasal swab of a symptomatic cat in Jiangsu province, China. Sequence analysis indicated that, whilst the other seven genes were most similar to the avian-origin canine influenza viruses (CIV H3N2) isolated in China, the NS gene was more closely related to the circulating human influenza virus (H3N2) in the region. Therefore, FIV-HWT-2017 is a reassortant virus. In addition, some mutations were identified, and they were similar to a distinctive CIV H3N2 clade. Whether these cats were infected with the reassortant virus was unknown, however, this random isolation of a reassortant virus indicated that domestic or stray cats were “mixing vessel” for IAV cannot be ruled out. An enhanced surveillance for novel influenza virus should include pet and stray cats.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Canine Influenza Virus H3N8 Vaccine To Decrease Severity of Clinical Disease after Cochallenge with Canine Influenza Virus and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie J. Larson ◽  
Jamie Henningson ◽  
Patricia Sharp ◽  
Bliss Thiel ◽  
Muralidhar S. Deshpande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
The North ◽  
Streptococcus Equi ◽  
Canine Influenza ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTSince first emerging in the North American canine population in 2004, canine influenza virus (CIV) subtype H3N8 has shown horizontal transmission among dogs, with a high level of adaptation to this species. The severity of disease is variable, and coinfection by other respiratory pathogens is an important factor in the degree of morbidity and mortality. The first influenza vaccine for dogs, an inactivated vaccine containing CIV subtype H3N8, was conditionally approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for licensure in May 2009 and fully licensed in June 2010. This study evaluates the efficacy of this vaccine to reduce the severity of illness in dogs cochallenged with virulent CIV andStreptococcus equisubsp.zooepidemicus.

scholarly journals Host-range shift of H3N8 canine influenza virus: a phylodynamic analysis of its origin and adaptation from equine to canine host

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanting He ◽  
Gairu Li ◽  
Ruyi Wang ◽  
Weifeng Shi ◽  
Kemang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Canine Influenza ◽  
Phylodynamic Analysis

Abstract Prior to the emergence of H3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV) and the latest avian-origin H3N2 CIV, there was no evidence of a circulating canine-specific influenza virus. Molecular and epidemiological evidence suggest that H3N8 CIV emerged from H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV). This host-range shift of EIV from equine to canine hosts and its subsequent establishment as an enzootic CIV is unique because this host-range shift was from one mammalian host to another. To further understand this host-range shift, we conducted a comprehensive phylodynamic analysis using all the available whole-genome sequences of H3N8 CIV. We found that (1) the emergence of H3N8 CIV from H3N8 EIV occurred in approximately 2002; (2) this interspecies transmission was by a reassortant virus of the circulating Florida-1 clade H3N8 EIV; (3) once in the canine species, H3N8 CIV spread efficiently and remained an enzootic virus; (4) H3N8 CIV evolved and diverged into multiple clades or sublineages, with intra and inter-lineage reassortment. Our results provide a framework to understand the molecular basis of host-range shifts of influenza viruses and that dogs are potential “mixing vessels” for the establishment of novel influenza viruses.

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