scholarly journals Chromosomally Located fosA7 in Salmonella Isolates From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zhen-Yu Wang ◽  
Han Wu ◽  
Cai-Yue Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Bacterial Fitness ◽  
Fosfomycin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vector Pbr322

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fosfomycin fosA7 in Salmonella enterica isolates from food animals and retail meat products in China and the impact of fosA7 on bacterial fitness. A total of 360 Salmonella isolates collected from 11 provinces and cities in China were detected for fosA7. All fosA7-positive Salmonella isolates were determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and sequenced by Illumina Hiseq. The fosA7 gene of S. Derby isolate HA2-WA5 was knocked out. The full length of fosA7 was cloned into vector pBR322 and then transformed into various hosts. MICs of fosfomycin, growth curves, stability, and fitness of fosA7 were evaluated. The fosA7 gene was identified in S. Derby (ST40, n = 30) and S. Reading (ST1628, n = 5). MICs to fosfomycin of 35 fosA7-positive isolates were 1 to 32 mg/L. All fosA7 were located on chromosomes of Salmonella. The deletion of fosA7 in HA2-WA5 decreased fosfomycin MIC by 16-fold and slightly affected its fitness. The acquisition of plasmid-borne fosA7 enhanced MICs of fosfomycin in Salmonella (1,024-fold) and Escherichia coli (16-fold). The recombinant plasmid pBR322-fosA7 was stable in Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Pullorum, S. Derby, and E. coli, except for Salmonella Enteritidis, and barely affected on the growth of them but significantly increased biological fitness in Salmonella. The spread of specific Salmonella serovars such as S. Derby ST40 will facilitate the dissemination of fosA7. fosA7 can confer high-level fosfomycin resistance and enhance bacterial fitness in Salmonella if transferred on plasmids; thus, it has the potential to be a reservoir of the mobilized fosfomycin resistance gene.

Characteristics of fosA-carrying plasmids in E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates originating from food and environmental samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Biggel ◽  
Katrin Zurfluh ◽  
Andrea Treier ◽  
Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen ◽  
Roger Stephan
Keyword(s):  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Short Read Sequencing ◽  
Fosfomycin Resistance ◽  
Enterobacteriaceae Infections ◽  
High Level ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Genetic Context

Abstract Objectives Fosfomycin is an important antibiotic for the treatment of MDR Enterobacteriaceae infections. High susceptibility rates are, however, threatened by the spread of plasmids encoding fosfomycin-modifying enzymes. In this study, we sought to characterize the genetic context of fosA in plasmids from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates recovered from food, wastewater and surface water in Switzerland. Methods E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates collected between 2012 and 2019 in Switzerland were screened for fosfomycin resistance. Presence of fosA was verified by PCR and sodium phosphonoformate (PPF) disc potentiation testing, and transferability was tested using conjugation assays. Whole-genome sequences including complete fosA-containing plasmids were determined using long- and short-read sequencing. Results In 11 E. coli and two Klebsiella spp. isolates, high-level fosfomycin resistance was mediated by plasmids containing fosA3 (n = 12) or fosA8 (n = 1). Four isolates harboured a near-identical 45 kb IncN plasmid with fosA3, while replicon types varied in the remaining plasmids. The fosA genes were typically embedded in IS26-bounded transposition units and frequently located in the proximity of blaCTX-M transposition units. Conclusions Although fosfomycin resistance rates are currently low, the presence of fosA-encoding plasmids circulating in the Enterobacteriaceae population suggests that fosfomycin resistance may rapidly spread upon increased selection pressure. Transposition mobility of fosA and co-location on plasmids with other resistance genes may further promote its dissemination.

Isolation and plasmid characterisation of Salmonella enterica serovar Albany harbouring mcr-5 from retail chicken meat in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Wakabayashi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Sekizuka ◽  
Takahiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Akira Fukuda ◽  
Masato Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
Retail Chicken Meat ◽  
Plasmid Backbone

ABSTRACT The emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr), which is occurring in numerous countries, is a worldwide concern, primarily because colistin is a last-resort antibiotic. Compared to E. coli, prevalence of mcr genes in Salmonella is unclear in Japan. Here we screened for mcr-1–5 genes in our collection of Salmonella strains isolated from retail meat products collected in Japan from 2012 through 2016. We found that Salmonella Albany strain 27A-368 encodes mcr-5 and that mcr genes were undetectable among the remaining 202 isolates. The resistance plasmid p27A-368 was transferred by conjugation to S. Infantis and was stably retained as a transconjugant. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that mcr-5 resided on a 115 kb plasmid (p27A-368). The plasmid backbone of p27A-368 is more similar to that of pCOV27, an ESBL-encoding plasmid recovered from avian pathogenic E. coli, rather than pSE13-SA01718 of S. Paratyphi B that encodes mcr-5. Further, mcr-5 is located on a transposon, and its sequence is similar to that of pSE13-SA01718. A phylogenetic tree based on single nucleotide variants implies a relationship between 27A-368 and S. Albany isolated in Southeast Asian countries.

scholarly journals Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Cultured From Retail Meat Products, Patients, and Porcine Excrement in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Feng ◽  
Qian Xiang ◽  
Jiangang Ma ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

The emergence and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a growing concern to animal and public health. However, little is known about the spread of CRE in food and livestock and its potential transmission to humans. To identify CRE strains from different origins and sources, 53 isolates were cultured from 760 samples including retail meat products, patients, and porcine excrement. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out, followed by phylogenetic typing, whole-genome sequencing, broth mating assays, and plasmids analyses. Forty-three Escherichia coli, nine Klebsiella pneumoniae, and one Enterobacter cloacae isolates were identified, each exhibiting multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Genetically, the main sequence types (STs) of E. coli were ST156 (n = 7), ST354 (n = 7), and ST48 (n = 7), and the dominant ST of K. pneumoniae is ST11 (n = 5). blaNDM–5 (n = 40) of E. coli and blaKPC–2 (n = 5) were the key genes that conferred carbapenem resistance phenotypes in these CRE strains. Additionally, the mcr-1 gene was identified in 17 blaNDM-producing isolates. The blaNDM–5 gene from eight strains could be transferred to the recipients via conjugation assays. Two mcr-1 genes in the E. coli isolates could be co-transferred along with the blaNDM–5 genes. IncF and IncX3 plasmids have been found to be predominantly associated with blaNDM gene in these strains. Strains isolated in our study from different sources and regions tend to be concordant and overlap. CRE strains from retail meat products are a reservoir for transition of CRE strains between animals and humans. These data also provide evidence of the dissemination of CRE strains and carbapenem-resistant genes between animal and human sources.

scholarly journals Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Raw Beef Sold in Otuoke Market, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
C. G. Ikimi ◽  
F. I. Omeje ◽  
C. K. Anumudu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
High Level

Meat and meat products are a very important category of food consumed widely to meet the nutritional requirements of humans. Due to the high nutrient and moisture content of meat, they readily support the growth of diverse microorganisms. The consumption of these products, when contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms can pose a risk to health leading to possible food poisoning, with Escherichia coli being the most implicated organism. Thus, this research focused on the isolation of Escherichia coli from raw beef (Bos taurus) retailed in Otuoke market, its biochemical identification, pathogenicity testing and antibiogram. A total of 90 raw beef samples were collected from three retail points (30 samples per point) over 3 months and cultured on Eosin-Methylene Blue (EMB) agar for the elucidation of E. coli. Conventional biochemical tests were performed on isolates to identify E. coli. The isolates were subjected to Congo-red assay to test for pathogenicity and the agar-diffusion assay to test sensitivity to commonly utilized antibiotics. A total of 51 samples (56%) were contaminated with E. coli of which 24 samples (26.6%) had mean aerobic bacteria counts greater than 5.0 Log CFU/gm which is above the European Commission Regulation No. 2073/2005 guideline for fresh beef. All E. coli isolates tested positive to the Congo-red assay, thus indicating their potential pathogenicity. Antimicrobial sensitivity assay indicates the resistance of isolates to Tetracycline (60%), Erythromycin (80%) and Amoxicillin (85%). However, the isolates were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin (90%), Gentamicin (78%) and Ciprofloxacin (82%). The results obtained highlights the high level of contamination by potentially pathogenic E. coli in retailed fresh meats which are highly resistant to some of the commonly used antibiotics. The results obtained from this study is of public health significance as it indicates possible risks of infection to people through the consumption of inadequately cooked meat or the cross-contamination of other food items by the meat products which may lead to outbreaks of food poisoning. 

Biofilm Formation by Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Phage Type DT104 and Other Pathogens

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIN-HEE KIM ◽  
CHENG-I WEI
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Glass Surfaces

The biofilm-forming capability of Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium and Heidelberg, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from humans, animal farms, and retail meat products was evaluated by using a microplate assay. The tested bacterial species showed interstrain variation in their capabilities to form biofilms. Strong biofilm-forming strains of S. enterica serotypes, E. coli O157: H7, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii were resistant to at least four of the tested antibiotics. To understand their potential in forming biofilms in food-processing environments, the strong biofilm formers grown in beef, turkey, and lettuce broths were further investigated on stainless steel and glass surfaces. Among the tested strains, Salmonella Typhimurium phage type DT104 (Salmonella Typhimurium DT104) isolated from retail beef formed the strongest biofilm on stainless steel and glass in beef and turkey broths. K. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes, and P. aeruginosa were also able to form strong biofilms on the tested surface materials. Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 developed a biofilm on stainless steel in beef and turkey broths through (i) initial attachment to the surface, (ii) formation of microcolonies, and (iii) biofilm maturation. These findings indicated that Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 along with other bacterial pathogens could be a source of cross-contamination during handling and processing of food.

scholarly journals Identification of FosA8, a Plasmid-Encoded Fosfomycin Resistance Determinant from Escherichia coli, and Its Origin in Leclercia adecarboxylata

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Xavier Vuillemin ◽  
Nicolas Kieffer ◽  
Linda Mueller ◽  
Marie-Christine Descombes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acid Identity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fosfomycin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT A plasmid-located fosfomycin resistance gene, fosA8, was identified from a CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli isolate recovered from urine. Identification of this gene was obtained by whole-genome sequencing. It encoded FosA8, which shares 79% and 78% amino acid identity with the most closely related FosA2 and FosA1 enzymes, respectively. The fosA8 gene was located on a transferable 50-kb plasmid of IncN type encoding high-level resistance to fosfomycin. In silico analysis and cloning experiments identified fosA8 analogues (99% identity) in the genome of Leclercia decarboxylata, which is an enterobacterial species with natural resistance to fosfomycin. This finding adds L. decarboxylata to the list of enterobacterial species that are a reservoir of fosA-like genes which have been captured from the chromosome of a progenitor and are then acquired by E. coli.

scholarly journals Extreme Environments and High-Level Bacterial Tellurite Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Maltman ◽  
Vladimir Yurkov
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tellurite Resistance ◽  
Elemental Tellurium ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Reduction ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Resistance

Bacteria have long been known to possess resistance to the highly toxic oxyanion tellurite, most commonly though reduction to elemental tellurium. However, the majority of research has focused on the impact of this compound on microbes, namely E. coli, which have a very low level of resistance. Very little has been done regarding bacteria on the other end of the spectrum, with three to four orders of magnitude greater resistance than E. coli. With more focus on ecologically-friendly methods of pollutant removal, the use of bacteria for tellurite remediation, and possibly recovery, further highlights the importance of better understanding the effect on microbes, and approaches for resistance/reduction. The goal of this review is to compile current research on bacterial tellurite resistance, with a focus on high-level resistance by bacteria inhabiting extreme environments.

scholarly journals Impact of mcr-1 on the Development of High Level Colistin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Qing Zhu ◽  
Yi-Yun Liu ◽  
Renjie Wu ◽  
Haoliang Xun ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 generally confers low-level resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of mcr-1 on the development of high-level colistin resistance (HLCR) in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In this study, mcr-1-negative K. pneumoniae and E. coli strains and their corresponding mcr-1-positive transformants were used to generate HLCR mutants via multiple passages in the presence of increasing concentrations of colistin. We found that for K. pneumoniae, HLCR mutants with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of colistin from 64 to 1,024 mg/L were generated. Colistin MICs increased 256- to 4,096-fold for mcr-1-negative K. pneumoniae strains but only 16- to 256-fold for the mcr-1-harboring transformants. For E. coli, colistin MICs increased 4- to 64-folds, but only 2- to 16-fold for their mcr-1-harboring transformants. Notably, mcr-1 improved the survival rates of both E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains when challenged with relatively high concentrations of colistin. In HLCR K. pneumoniae mutants, amino acid alterations predominately occurred in crrB, followed by phoQ, crrA, pmrB, mgrB, and phoP, while in E. coli mutants, genetic alterations were mostly occurred in pmrB and phoQ. Additionally, growth rate analyses showed that the coexistence of mcr-1 and chromosomal mutations imposed a fitness burden on HLCR mutants of K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, HLCR was more likely to occur in K. pneumoniae strains than E. coli strains when exposed to colistin. The mcr-1 gene could improve the survival rates of strains of both bacterial species but could not facilitate the evolution of high-level colistin resistance.

scholarly journals Retail Meat as a Potential Transmission Source of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S25-S26
Author(s):  
Reina Yamaji ◽  
Julia Rubin ◽  
Cindy Friedman ◽  
Patrick McDermott ◽  
Melody Hung-Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Meat Samples

Abstract Background Escherichia coli causes approximately 80% of community-acquired UTI (CA-UTI), but the sources of these uropathogenic E. coli infections are not well established. Recent studies have suggested that food, especially poultry, may serve as a source of UPEC. Here we prospectively examined E. coli isolates from patients with CA-UTI and retail meat concurrently available from the same geographic region to determine the frequency of shared genotypes. Methods Between September 2016 and May 2017, we collected urine samples from patients with UTI examined at a university-affiliated healthcare center. During the same time, we recovered E.coli from retail meat products (chicken breast, ground turkey, ground beef, and pork chops) collected as part of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) FDA retail meat sampling program in Northern California. Urine samples and buffered peptone water containing meat samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. Lactose-positive and indole-positive colonies were presumptively identified as E coli. Bacterial DNA was extracted by a freeze-boil method. E. coli isolates were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results Of 1020 urine samples, E. coli was isolated from 210 (21%). Five pandemic MLST genotypes (ST95, ST127, ST69, ST73, and ST131) accounted for 126 (60%) isolates. Of 200 meat samples, E. coli was isolated from 76 (38%). E. coli was isolated from 29 (73%) of 40 ground turkey samples, 34 (43%) of 80 chicken breast, 7 (18%) of 40 ground beef, and 6 (15%) of 40 pork chop. ST69 and ST131 were isolated from 3 chicken samples. Other genotypes of E. coli isolates from meat samples and CA-UTI included ST10 (3), ST38 (2), ST88 (1), ST117 (5), ST906 (1), and ST1844 (1). Eleven (32%) of 34 chicken samples contained UPEC strains, compared with 4 (14%) of 29 ground turkey samples, and 1 (17%) of 6 pork chop samples; no beef samples contained UPEC strains. Conclusion Overall, we found that nearly one-quarter of retail poultry products that we tested contained UPEC strains with the same MLST genotypes found in CA-UTI patients. Foodborne transmission may account for a substantial proportion of CA-UTI. Additional studies are needed to demonstrate transmission of these genotypes from poultry to patients and to target possible prevention measures. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Retail Meat That HarborblaCTX-MandfosA3Genes

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2450-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Xie ◽  
Dachuan Lin ◽  
Kaichao Chen ◽  
Edward Wai Chi Chan ◽  
Wen Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Retail Meats ◽  
Retail Meat

ABSTRACTA total of 55 cefotaxime-resistantEscherichia coliisolates were obtained from retail meat products purchased in Shenzhen, China, during the period November 2012 to May 2013. Thirty-seven of these 55 isolates were found to harbor ablaCTX-Mgene, with theblaCTX-M-1group being the most common type.blaCMY-2was detected in 16 isolates, alone or in combination with other extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) determinants. Importantly, thefosA3gene, which encodes fosfomycin resistance, was detected in 12 isolates, with several being found to reside in the conjugative plasmid that harbored theblaCTX-Mgene. The insertion sequence IS26was observed upstream of some of theblaCTX-M-55andfosA3genes. Conjugation experiments showed thatblaCTX-Mgenes from 15 isolates were transferrable, with Inc I1 and Inc FII being the most prevalent replicons. High clonal diversity was observed among theblaCTX-Mproducers, suggesting that horizontal transfer of theblaCTX-Mgenes amongE. colistrains in retail meats is a common event and that such strains may constitute an important reservoir ofblaCTX-Mgenes, which may be readily disseminated to other potential human pathogens.

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