scholarly journals Stationary Lactococcus cremoris: Energetic State, Protein Synthesis Without Nitrogen and Their Effect on Survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sieze Douwenga ◽  
Rinke J. van Tatenhove-Pel ◽  
Emile Zwering ◽  
Herwig Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Energetic State ◽  
Phase Length

During storage and ripening of fermented foods, Lactococcus cremoris is predominantly in a non-growing state. L. cremoris can become stationary due to starvation or acidification, and its metabolism in these non-growing states affects the fermented product. Available studies on the response of L. cremoris to acid and starvation stress are based on population level data. We here characterized the energetic state and the protein synthesis capacity of stationary L. cremoris cultures at the single cell level. We show that glucose starved stationary cells are energy-depleted, while acid-induced stationary cells are energized and can maintain a pH gradient over their membrane. In the absence of glucose and arginine, a small pH gradient can still be maintained. Subpopulations of stationary cells can synthesize protein without a nitrogen source, and the subpopulation size decreases with increasing stationary phase length. Protein synthesis capacity during starvation only benefits culturability after 6 days. These results highlight significant differences between glucose starved stationary and acid-induced stationary cells. Furthermore, they show that the physiology of stationary phase L. cremoris cells is multi-facetted and heterogeneous, and the presence of an energy source during stationary phase impacts the cells capacity to adapt to their environment.

scholarly journals Population-Level Prevalence, Bother, and Treatment Behavior for Urinary Incontinence in an Eastern European Country: Findings from the LUTS POLAND Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2314
Author(s):  
Mikolaj Przydacz ◽  
Marcin Chlosta ◽  
Piotr Chlosta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Eastern European Country ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Objectives: Population-level data are lacking for urinary incontinence (UI) in Central and Eastern European countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, bother, and behavior regarding treatment for UI in a population-representative group of Polish adults aged ≥ 40 years. Methods: Data for this epidemiological study were derived from the larger LUTS POLAND project, in which a group of adults that typified the Polish population were surveyed, by telephone, about lower urinary tract symptoms. Respondents were classified by age, sex, and place of residence. UI was assessed with a standard protocol and established International Continence Society definitions. Results: The LUTS POLAND survey included 6005 completed interviews. The prevalence of UI was 14.6–25.4%; women reported a greater occurrence compared with men (p < 0.001). For both sexes, UI prevalence increased with age. Stress UI was the most common type of UI in women, and urgency UI was the most prevalent in men. We did not find a difference in prevalence between urban and rural areas. Individuals were greatly bothered by UI. For women, mixed UI was the most bothersome, whereas for men, leak for no reason was most annoying. More than half of respondents (51.4–62.3%) who reported UI expressed anxiety about the effect of UI on their quality of life. Nevertheless, only around one third (29.2–38.1%) of respondents with UI sought treatment, most of whom received treatment. Persons from urban and rural areas did not differ in the degrees of treatment seeking and treatment receiving. Conclusion: Urinary incontinence was prevalent and greatly bothersome among Polish adults aged ≥ 40 years. Consequently, UI had detrimental effects on quality of life. Nonetheless, most affected persons did not seek treatment. Therefore, we need to increase population awareness in Poland about UI and available treatment methods, and we need to ensure adequate allocation of government and healthcare system resources.

scholarly journals The domestication of Cucurbita argyrosperma as revealed by the genome of its wild relative

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josué Barrera-Redondo ◽  
Guillermo Sánchez-de la Vega ◽  
Jonás A. Aguirre-Liguori ◽  
Gabriela Castellanos-Morales ◽  
Yocelyn T. Gutiérrez-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Structural Variants ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

AbstractDespite their economic importance and well-characterized domestication syndrome, the genomic impact of domestication and the identification of variants underlying the domestication traits in Cucurbita species (pumpkins and squashes) is currently lacking. Cucurbita argyrosperma, also known as cushaw pumpkin or silver-seed gourd, is a Mexican crop consumed primarily for its seeds rather than fruit flesh. This makes it a good model to study Cucurbita domestication, as seeds were an essential component of early Mesoamerican diet and likely the first targets of human-guided selection in pumpkins and squashes. We obtained population-level data using tunable Genotype by Sequencing libraries for 192 individuals of the wild and domesticated subspecies of C. argyrosperma across Mexico. We also assembled the first high-quality wild Cucurbita genome. Comparative genomic analyses revealed several structural variants and presence/absence of genes related to domestication. Our results indicate a monophyletic origin of this domesticated crop in the lowlands of Jalisco. We found evidence of gene flow between the domesticated and wild subspecies, which likely alleviated the effects of the domestication bottleneck. We uncovered candidate domestication genes that are involved in the regulation of growth hormones, plant defense mechanisms, seed development, and germination. The presence of shared selected alleles with the closely related species Cucurbita moschata suggests domestication-related introgression between both taxa.

scholarly journals Methodology of Natsal-COVID Wave 1: a large, quasi-representative survey with qualitative follow-up measuring the impact of COVID-19 on sexual and reproductive health in Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Emily Dema ◽  
Andrew J Copas ◽  
Soazig Clifton ◽  
Anne Conolly ◽  
Margaret Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact

Background: Britain’s National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) have been undertaken decennially since 1990 and provide a key data source underpinning sexual and reproductive health (SRH) policy. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of sexual lifestyles, triggering an urgent need for population-level data on sexual behaviour, relationships, and service use at a time when gold-standard in-person, household-based surveys with probability sampling were not feasible. We designed the Natsal-COVID study to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the nation’s SRH and assessed the sample representativeness. Methods: Natsal-COVID Wave 1 data collection was conducted four months (29/7-10/8/2020) after the announcement of Britain’s first national lockdown (23/03/2020). This was an online web-panel survey administered by survey research company, Ipsos MORI. Eligible participants were resident in Britain, aged 18-59 years, and the sample included a boost of those aged 18-29. Questions covered participants’ sexual behaviour, relationships, and SRH service use. Quotas and weighting were used to achieve a quasi-representative sample of the British general population. Participants meeting criteria of interest and agreeing to recontact were selected for qualitative follow-up interviews. Comparisons were made with contemporaneous national probability surveys and Natsal-3 (2010-12) to understand bias. Results: 6,654 participants completed the survey and 45 completed follow-up interviews. The weighted Natsal-COVID sample was similar to the general population in terms of gender, age, ethnicity, rurality, and, among sexually-active participants, numbers of sexual partners in the past year. However, the sample was more educated, contained more sexually-inexperienced people, and included more people in poorer health. Conclusions: Natsal-COVID Wave 1 rapidly collected quasi-representative population data to enable evaluation of the early population-level impact of COVID-19 and lockdown measures on SRH in Britain and inform policy. Although sampling was less representative than the decennial Natsals, Natsal-COVID will complement national surveillance data and Natsal-4 (planned for 2022).

scholarly journals 1539Australia’s worsening mental health – what’s next?

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrinkhala Dawadi ◽  
Frances Shawyer ◽  
Helena Teede ◽  
Graham Meadows ◽  
Joanne Enticott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Related Symptom ◽  
Australian Census ◽  
Population Mental Health

Abstract Background The population prevalence of mental illness over time, and by sociodemographic subgroups, are important benchmark data. Examining reliable population level data can highlight groups with greater mental-illness related symptom burden and inform policy and strategy. Methods Secondary analysis of Australian National Health Surveys (n = 78,204) from 2001-02 to 2017-18. Trends in the prevalence of very high scores on the Kessler-10 (K10), a measure of psychological distress capturing symptoms of affective and anxiety disorders, were examined by time, age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Data were standardised to the 2001 Australian census population on the strata of sex and age. Results In 2017-18, the rate of probable mental illness was estimated at 5.1%, a 1.5% increase (representing an additional 367,000 Australians) since 2007. In 2017-18, the subgroups with the highest rates were women aged 18-24 (8.01%, 95% CI = 5.9%-10.2%), and the poorest fifth of Australians (8.02%, 95% CI = 7.0%-9.0%). Women aged 55-64 demonstrated the greatest increase in rates (2001: 3.5%, 95% CI = 2.5%-4.6%; 2017: 7.2%, 95% CI = 5.9%-8.5%; z = 4.10, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Despite efforts to improve population mental health, rates of probable mental illness in Australia have increased since 2007. Findings will be discussed in conjunction to extant social and health policies, and potential gaps in the delivery of gold-standard mental health care. Key messages The rate of probable mental illness in Australia seem to be increasing, especially in women aged 55-64, and those from low-SES backgrounds.

scholarly journals MEASURING QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS LIVING WITH T2DM: A COMPARISON WITH YOUNGER ADULTS USING 2015 BRFSS DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S258-S259
Author(s):  
Brittany Smalls ◽  
Myles Moody ◽  
Matthew Rutledge ◽  
Amy Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
National Level ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The Us ◽  
Optimal Health

Abstract Challenges due to burden of disease can affect adherence to self-care behaviors and optimal health outcomes in those living with T2DM. This study utilized state- and national-level data from the 2015 BRFSS to compare QoL measured by the prevalence of physical and mental burden days among older adults (OAs) compared to younger adults living with T2DM. The results of our analysis showed that OAs living in the US were significantly less likely to experience at least one mental burden day when compared to their younger counterparts (OR =0.61, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.64), while gender, education, race, BMI, and depression, CVD, or another chronic condition were significantly associated with the odds of experiencing at least one mental burden day. Whereas, in Kentucky OAs were less likely to experience at least one mental burden day when compared to their younger counterparts (OR= 0.48, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.66). Gender, education, BMI, and depression were significantly associated with the odds of experiencing at least one mental burden day or one physical burden day. The findings of this study suggests that the questions used by BRFSS to measure QoL may not be the most suitable for OAs who likely have different criteria for self-reported mental or physical burden days. When assessing QoL or burden of disease among the aging at a population level, considerable thought should be given into the questions asked and if they appropriately examine patient-level QoL in this population.

scholarly journals GENE-45. DISSECTING THE DRIVERS OF ADULT H3K27M-GLIOMAS AT THE SINGLE-CELL LEVEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi107-vi107
Author(s):  
Ilon Liu ◽  
Byron Avihai ◽  
Johannes Gojo ◽  
Keith Ligon ◽  
Thomas Czech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Molecular Entity ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Developmental Context ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Cellular Context ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shared Gene

Abstract Diffuse midline gliomas are characterized by a lysine27-to-methionine mutation in histone H3 (H3K27M-glioma) and represent a highly aggressive molecular entity of high-grade gliomas. These mutations have primarily been described in children, but are also increasingly recognized in adults. In pediatric H3K27M-gliomas, the transcriptional architecture and cellular composition have been studied at the single-cell level. Data suggest that these tumors arise through malignant transformation of a glial progenitor during a specific neurodevelopmental time window. On the other hand, little is known about the architecture and cellular context of adult H3K27M-gliomas, and it remains to be elucidated whether they are driven by the same or by distinct oncogenic programs as their pediatric counterparts. Here, we utilize single-cell transcriptomics to characterize the transcriptional landscape of five H3K27M-gliomas from adult patients aged 22 to 56 years (median 33 years). We describe the specific cellular and microenvironmental architecture of the adult tumors, which comprises distinct populations of cancer and normal cells. We contrast our findings to 12 location-matched pediatric H3K27M-tumors from patients aged 2.5 to 15 years (median 8 years) to identify features related to tumorigenesis and developmental context in light of the shared hallmark H3K27M mutation. Our preliminary data indicate shared gene expression programs between adult and pediatric tumors. However, we find significant differences in the composition of the immune compartment as well as less pronounced differentiation programs in the adult tumors. Our findings provide an unprecedented insight into the composition of adult H3K27M-gliomas and advance our understanding of this molecular tumor class.

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